Abstract:
The present invention discloses a modulation device for generating an optical signal with quadruple frequency and the modulation method thereof. The modulation device in the present invention utilizes a commercial integrated modulator, a RF signal generator and a phase shifter to generate an optical signal with quadruple frequency. When the RF signal generator generates a first modulation signal, and the phase shifter shifts the first modulation signal by 90 degrees to generate a second modulation signal, the integrated modulator is biased to transmit the optical signal in maximum value and to modulate the first and second modulation signal so as to generate a output optical signal with quadruple frequency.
Abstract:
The invention provides methods and compositions for treating a hepatic disease, for reducing fat deposition in the liver and for inhibiting fibrosis of the liver by administering a compound or agent that modulates an adenosine receptor, in particular, an inhibitor or antagonist of an adenosine receptor, especially an A1 or A2B adenosine receptor antagonist.
Abstract:
A composition comprising a compound of formula (I) or (II): wherein r and q are independently integers of 1 to 3; Rf is linear or branched chain perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; j is an integer 0 or 1, or a mixture thereof, x is 1 or 2, Z is —O— or —S—, X is hydrogen or M, and M is an ammonium ion, an alkali metal ion, or an alkanolammonium ion is disclosed.
Abstract:
A novel and simplified orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) equalizer uses a coordinate rotation digital computer (CORDIC) to convert the estimated channel effects from rectangular coordinate to polar coordinate and to compensate the phase error with the same CORDIC circuit of synchronization. The OFDM equalizer comprises: a fast Fourier transformer (FFT); a channel estimation circuit; a coordinate translator, comprising a CORDIC circuit, to translate the channel estimation value into a polar coordinate value; a pilot extractor to extract pilot signals and to track minor phase offsets of the received signal to synchronize phase of said received signal; a phase rotator to compensate phase of the received signal according to the channel estimation value and the phase tracking estimation value, to generate the real value and imaginary value of the phase compensated signal; and an amplitude adjustment circuit. The coordinate translator and the phase rotator use the same CORDIC circuit.
Abstract:
Methods for purifying liquid alkanes are provided. The methods produce alkanes having low absorbance, particularly at 193 nm. The alkane liquids are useful as immersion liquids in photomicrolithography employed for production of electronic circuits.
Abstract:
An ion implantation method and device for forming an ion implantation area in a predetermined area of a substrate is provided. The method comprises the following steps. First, an ion beam is provided, then a first shape of cross-section and a first ion density distribution of the ion beam are detected. Then, a second shape of cross-section and a second ion density distribution of the ion beam are detected by moving the ion beam along a predetermined scanning path. Thereafter, the predetermined scanning path is adjusted and optimized according to the first shape of cross-section, the first ion density distribution, the second shape of cross-section and the second ion density distribution. Then, the ion beam is optimized along the optimized predetermined scanning path to form the ion implantation area in the predetermined area of the substrate.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a clean closed loop fluid transport system and methods for recycling low absorbance liquid alkanes. The alkanes can be advantageously employed as immersion liquids in the production of electronic or integrated optical circuit elements by photolithographic methods employing ultraviolet wavelengths.
Abstract:
An ion implantation method and device for forming an ion implantation area in a predetermined area of a substrate is provided. The method comprises the following steps. First, an ion beam is provided, then a first shape of cross-section and a first ion density distribution of the ion beam are detected. Then, a second shape of cross-section and a second ion density distribution of the ion beam are detected by moving the ion beam along a predetermined scanning path. Thereafter, the predetermined scanning path is adjusted and optimized according to the first shape of cross-section, the first ion density distribution, the second shape of cross-section and the second ion density distribution. Then, the ion beam is optimized along the optimized predetermined scanning path to form the ion implantation area in the predetermined area of the substrate.
Abstract:
Polycyclic fluoroalkanes that are highly transparent to UV wavelengths ranging from about 190 nm to 260 nm are provided. The polycyclic fluoroallkanes are suitable for use in a variety of applications, particularly in the vacuum UV and deep UV region of the electromagnetic spectrum. For example, the polycyclic fluoroalkanes are useful in optical couplants, optical cements, optical elements, optical inspection media for semiconductor wafers and devices, and immersion photolithography, particularly at 193 and 248 nm exposure wavelength.
Abstract:
Processes for preparing high purity polycyclic fluoroalkanes are provided. The polycyclic fluoroalkanes are useful as solvents, cleaning agents, heat transfer fluids, refrigerants, lubricants, and, in a preferred embodiment, by virtue of high refractive index and high transparency to UV wavelengths, optical applications in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV).