Abstract:
Disclosed is a method for detecting a hidden station in a specific station constituting a wireless communication network that includes receiving a frame after a lapse of an idle state interval longer than a predetermined waiting time; determining that there is a hidden station, if a size of the received frame is equal to a size of an Acknowledge (ACK) frame; and determining that there is no hidden station, if the size of the received frame is not equal to the size of the ACK frame.
Abstract:
A wireless communication system including transmitters for determining a transmission rate for an associated receiver according to channel state information fed back from associated receivers, and transmitting packets at the determined transmission rate. In a communication method, a transmitter groups packets to be transmitted to the receivers according to transmission rates, and generates frames configured by packets with an identical transmission rate. The transmitter aggregates frames with different transmission rates into one transmission burst, and sends the transmission burst. The data communication method based on packet aggregation can efficiently manage resources by determining transmission rates for reception stations (STAs) on the basis of feedback channel state information in a transmission STA, aggregating packets to be transmitted to the reception STAs to form a packet group, and transmitting packet groups with different transmission rates using one multi-rate aggregation (MRA) burst.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a receiver for configuring a Block Acknowledgement (BA) frame in a wireless communication system for acknowledgement of a data transmission from a transmitter. The receiver receives a Block Acknowledgement Request (BAR) frame in the data transmission from the transmitter and determines an overall size of a bitmap for the BA frame from the BAR frame to acknowledge the data transmission. The receiver configures the BA frame of the response to include the bitmap having the determined overall size, and transmits the configured BA frame to the transmitter. The bitmap of the BA frame includes bits representing reception results of packets of the data transmission received from the transmitter.
Abstract:
Disclosed herein are a printed circuit board and a method for manufacturing the same. The printed circuit board includes: a copper pad surface roughness-treated to have a surface roughness of 0.1 to 1.0 μm pitch period; and an electroless surface treatment plating layer formed on the copper pad. According to the present invention, when the copper pad has a surface roughness of a predetermined pitch period, the electroless surface treatment plating layer formed on the copper pad also has a surface roughness of the predetermined pitch period, thereby having an effect of widening a surface area and improving workability at the time of a wire bonding process for connection with an external device.
Abstract:
Disclosed are a laser processing apparatus and method that can effectively remove a low-k material formed on a wafer. A laser processing apparatus of the invention is a laser processing apparatus that processes a subject on which a low-k material is formed. The laser processing apparatus includes a laser generating unit that emits a laser beam; and an optical system that splits the laser beam emitted from the laser generating unit into two and irradiates the split laser beams onto the subject In this case, the optical system includes a pair of condensing lenses in which cut surfaces that are cut at a predetermined distance from central axes to be parallel to the central axes contact with each other, and the interval between the two split laser beams is the same as the interval between two edges of the low-k material in a removal subject region. According to the invention, after splitting a laser beam into two laser beams and primarily removing the edges of the low-k material in the removal subject region using the laser beams, the remaining low-k material between the edges is removed. As a result, it is possible to improve processing quality.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus are provided for setting a desired destination in a navigation terminal. A position information message is received. Position coordinates corresponding to the position information included in the position information message are set as the position coordinates of a desired destination related to a certain route.
Abstract:
A ramp apparatus for a curtain airbag for a vehicle, positioned between a headliner and a vehicular body panel such that the curtain airbag is deployed through a matching part formed between the headliner and a pillar trim, may include a support ramp fastened to the vehicular body panel and receiving a lower portion of the folded curtain airbag, and a deployment ramp extending from a first end of the support ramp to enclose a portion of the curtain airbag therein and deploying towards the interior of the vehicle to seal a gap between the vehicular body panel and the pillar trim by expansive pressure of the curtain airbag in the event of a vehicle collision.
Abstract:
A hard disk drive with a circuit that controls a voice coil motor. The circuit provides a driving current to the voice coil motor to move a head of the drive in a seek routine. The seek routine includes a computation of a driving current that is a function of a feedforward zero phase error tracking algorithm. Utilizing the feedforward zero phase error tracking algorithm can reduce the seek time of the drive.
Abstract:
Disclosed is an audio/video data synchronization apparatus for directly transmitting decoded audio/video data to an external device, without compressing the data, using UWB communication. The apparatus synchronizes video and audio data stored in a terminal without compressing the data and simultaneously transmits the data to an external device using UWB communication, so that users can enjoy high-quality images and sounds. In addition, the receiving end does not necessarily incorporate a separate function for decoding moving images, because it receives uncompressed video/audio data. This makes the apparatus simple and convenient.
Abstract:
A slurry composition includes an acidic aqueous solution and one or both of, an amphoteric surfactant and a glycol compound. Examples of the amphoteric surfactant include a betaine compound and an amino acid compound, and examples of the amino acid compound include lysine, proline and arginine. Examples of the glycol compound include diethylene glycol, ethylene glycol and polyethylene glycol.