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公开(公告)号：US5011280A
公开(公告)日：1991-04-30
申请号：US425250
申请日：1989-10-23
Applicant: Yau Y. Hung
Inventor： Yau Y. Hung
CPC classification number: G01B11/168 , G01L1/241
Abstract: A test object is analyzed electronically, i.e. without the use of photographic film. The invention generates a pair of laterally-displaced images of the object which interfere with each other to produce a pattern that can be recorded without a high-resolution detector. The object is illuminated with at least partially coherent light. Reflected light from the object is directed through a birefringent material, a lens system, a polarizer, and then to an image detector, such as a video camera. The birefringent material causes non-parallel beams originating from a unique pair of points on the object to become nearly parallel, and orthogonally polarized. The polarizer modifies the polarization of the parallel beams so that they will interfere with each other. Because the intefering light beams are nearly parallel, the spatial frequency of the interference pattern is sufficiently low that the pattern can be recorded by a low-resolution detector, such as a video camera. Interference patterns due to the superposition of two laterally-displaced images of the same object are recorded while the object is in an undeformed and a deformed state. A computer compares these interference patterns and produces a resultant pattern which depicts the deformation of the test object. Because photographic film is not needed, the invention can analyze objects very rapidly. Also, since the interference pattern is derived from pairs of distinct points on the object, the invention directly provides information on strain.
Abstract translation: 电子分析测试对象，即不使用摄影胶片。 本发明产生对象的一对横向移位的图像，其彼此干涉以产生可以在没有高分辨率检测器的情况下被记录的图案。 物体用至少部分相干光照亮。 来自物体的反射光通过双折射材料，透镜系统，偏振器，然后被引导到诸如摄像机的图像检测器。 双折射材料使得源自物体上唯一的一对点的非平行光束变得几乎平行，并且正交极化。 偏振器改变平行光束的偏振，使它们彼此干涉。 因为整个光束几乎是平行的，所以干涉图案的空间频率足够低，以致图案可以被诸如摄像机的低分辨率检测器记录。 当对象处于未变形和变形状态时，记录由于相同对象的两个横向移位图像的叠加引起的干涉图案。 计算机比较这些干涉图案并产生描绘测试对象的变形的合成图案。 由于不需要摄影胶片，所以本发明可以非常快速地分析物体。 此外，由于干涉图案是从物体上的不同点的对导出的，本发明直接提供了应变信息。
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172.发明授权Method and apparatus for compensating fiber optic lead and connector losses in a fiber optic sensor by using a dual wavelength optical source and matched polarizer 失效通过使用双波长光源和匹配偏振器来补偿光纤传感器中的光纤引线和连接器损耗的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4709145A
公开(公告)日：1987-11-24
申请号：US898317
申请日：1986-08-20
Applicant: William B. Spillman, Jr.
Inventor： William B. Spillman, Jr.
CPC classification number: G01L1/241 , G01D5/268 , G01M11/335 , G01M11/337
Abstract: Apparatus and method for compensating a photo sensor for fiber optic cable lead/connector losses and optical source power fluctuations includes a specially selected broadband optical source used in conjunction with a photoelastic fiber optic transducer that uses a polarizer and an analyzer that only polarize a portion of the broadband signal. The portion of the signal that is not polarized is simply transmitted through the photoelastic element and emerges with no modulation. The portion of the signal that is polarized is modulated according to the stress on the photoelastic element. After transmitting the output light beam through a single fiber optic cable, the beam is separated into two parts. The first part is filtered so as to transmit only that portion of the broadband signal that is not affected by the polarizer and analyzer and hence is not modulated. The filtered first part is converted to an electrical signal by a photo detector. The second part of the split beam is filtered so as to transmit only that portion of the broadband signal that is affected by the polarizer and analyzer, and hence is modulated. The filtered second part is converted to an electrical signal by a second photo detector. The second signal varies according to lead and connector losses and the stress modulation on the photoelastic element. The first signal varies according to lead and connector losses only. The ratio of the second signal to the first signal then provides a measure of the changes in the transmission due to the modulation of the transducer element, without lead and connector losses, or variations due to power source fluctuations.
Abstract translation: 用于补偿用于光纤电缆引线/连接器损耗和光源功率波动的光传感器的装置和方法包括与光弹性光纤传感器结合使用的特别选择的宽带光源，所述光弹性光纤传感器使用偏振器和分析器，其仅偏振部分 宽带信号。 没有极化的信号的部分简单地通过光弹元件传输并且没有调制地出现。 根据光弹性元件上的应力来调制偏振信号的部分。 在通过单根光纤传输输出光束之后，光束被分成两部分。 第一部分被滤波，以仅传输不受偏振器和分析器影响的宽带信号的那部分，因此不被调制。 滤波后的第一部分由光电检测器转换成电信号。 分割光束的第二部分被滤波，以便仅传输受偏振器和分析器影响的宽带信号的那部分，因此被调制。 被滤波的第二部分由第二光电检测器转换成电信号。 第二个信号根据导线和连接器损耗以及光弹元件上的应力调制而变化。 第一个信号仅根据导线和连接器的损耗而变化。 然后，第二信号与第一信号的比率提供由于换能器元件的调制而导致的变速器的变化的测量，而没有引线和连接器损耗，或由于电源波动引起的变化。
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公开(公告)号：US4619681A
公开(公告)日：1986-10-28
申请号：US724149
申请日：1985-04-17
Applicant: Roger Tetaz , Philippe Vizet
Inventor： Roger Tetaz , Philippe Vizet
CPC classification number: G01L1/241
Abstract: The invention relates to the measurement of stresses in float glass. In a process, the stresses in the glass are continuously determined by scanning the glass over its entire width and simultaneously measuring the temperature of the glass at each location scanned. A measurement of double refraction representing stresses is combined with the temperature measurement to establish values of the permanent stresses in the glass. The invention includes apparatus for carrying out the process.
Abstract translation: 本发明涉及浮法玻璃中的应力测量。 在一个过程中，玻璃中的应力通过在整个宽度上扫描玻璃并同时测量在每个扫描的位置处的玻璃的温度而连续地确定。 将表示应力的双折射的测量与温度测量结合以建立玻璃中的永久应力的值。 本发明包括用于执行该过程的装置。
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公开(公告)号：US4523848A
公开(公告)日：1985-06-18
申请号：US423309
申请日：1982-09-24
Applicant: Barry Gorman , Edwin J. Hearn
Inventor： Barry Gorman , Edwin J. Hearn
CPC classification number: G02F1/1313 , G01L1/241 , G01N21/21
Abstract: In a polariscope including first and second quarter wave plates arranged one on either side of a sample under test, first and second liquid crystal devices are provided adjacent the quarter wave plates and can be switched between two optical conditions to alter the polariscope between a plane polarized and a circularly polarized mode.
Abstract translation: 在包括第一和第二四分之一波片的偏振器中，第一和第二四分之一波片布置在被测试样品的任一侧上，第一和第二液晶器件邻近四分之一波片提供，并且可以在两个光学条件之间切换以改变偏振面 和圆偏振模式。
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公开(公告)号：US4498348A
公开(公告)日：1985-02-12
申请号：US503429
申请日：1983-06-13
Applicant: Laurence N. Wesson
Inventor： Laurence N. Wesson
Abstract: A photoelastic sensing device comprising a photoelastic member of transparent material, first means for supplying polarized light fluxes to the member for transmission therethrough along a plurality of respective paths, and second means for receiving and detecting the transmitted light fluxes. A third means applies stresses to the member in response to the application thereto of force which is variable and has a magnitude and direction represented by its components along a plurality of vector coordinates which define a space of at least two dimensions. The light fluxes which are transmitted respectively along the plurality of paths of the member are each responsive to the stresses in the member along its path, and the second means provides an output signal which is responsive to the force and to each of the components of the force applied to the third means. The output signal is representative of and provides a measure and indication of the force and each of its components applied to the sensing device, and is responsive to the magnitude and direction of the applied force for providing control means.
Abstract translation: 一种光弹性感测装置，包括透明材料的光弹性构件，用于向所述构件供应偏振光束以沿着多个相应路径传输的第一装置，以及用于接收和检测透射光束的第二装置。 第三装置响应于应力施加应力，该力是可变的并且具有沿其限定至少两个维度的空间的多个向量坐标由其部件表示的大小和方向。 沿着构件的多个路径分别传递的光通量各自响应沿其路径的构件中的应力，并且第二装置提供响应于该力的输出信号和对该构件的每个构件的响应 施加到第三装置的力。 输出信号代表并提供力和其施加到感测装置的每个部件的测量和指示，并且响应所施加的力的大小和方向以提供控制装置。
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Patent Agency Ranking
公开(公告)号：US4179217A
公开(公告)日：1979-12-18
申请号：US877758
申请日：1978-02-14
Applicant: Andre J. Robert , Jean C. Filippini , Michel Ferre
Inventor： Andre J. Robert , Jean C. Filippini , Michel Ferre
Abstract: This invention relates to a dynamic photoelasticimeter with a rotating birefringent element. It comprises a laser, a birefringent plate rotatable at a constant speed, a model to be studied, a circular analyzer and a photodetector supplying signals at its output having frequency components of 2.omega. and 4.omega.. The ratio of the amplitudes of these signals supplies an indication of the phase shift .phi. (t) contributed by the model, and the phase of the signal of the frequency 4.omega. contributes information as to the orientation .theta. of the axes of the model at the point in question.The present invention provides a particularly simple and accurate dynamic photoelasticimeter.
Abstract translation: 本发明涉及具有旋转双折射元件的动态光弹性计。 它包括激光器，以恒定速度旋转的双折射板，待研究的模型，圆形分析器和在其输出处提供具有2ω和4ω的频率分量的信号的光电检测器。 这些信号的幅度比率提供了由模型贡献的相移phi（t）的指示，并且频率4ω的信号的相位贡献关于在模型的轴的方向θ的信息 有问题。 本发明提供了一种特别简单且精确的动态光弹性计。
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公开(公告)号：US3969023A
公开(公告)日：1976-07-13
申请号：US556023
申请日：1975-03-06
Applicant: Neill M. Brandt , Emil W. Deeg
Inventor： Neill M. Brandt , Emil W. Deeg
CPC classification number: G01M11/0278 , G01B11/168 , G01L1/241
Abstract: A glass ophthalmic lens which has been strengthened by thermal tempering or ion exchange treatment has increased impact resistance and durability, but such strengthening does not alter the appearance of the lens sufficiently to render the presence or absence of strengthening visually ascertainable even by one of high skill. It being necessary to inspect for the presence or absence of strengthening prior to dispensing lenses to the public, the present invention contemplates immersion of the lenses in a transparent liquid of approximately the same refractive index as the material of the lenses and projection of linearly polarized light through the fluid and lens. Viewing of the thus illuminated lens through a light polarizing analyzer reveals readily observable stress patterns in strengthened lenses and a lack of such patterns in non-strengthened lenses.
Abstract translation: 已经通过热回火或离子交换处理强化的玻璃眼镜片具有增强的抗冲击性和耐久性，但是这种强化不会使镜片的外观充分改变，即使是高技能之一也可以视觉确定强化的存在或不存在 。 在将透镜分配到公众之前，有必要检查是否存在加强，本发明考虑将透镜浸入与透镜的材料大致相同的折射率的透明液体中，并且将线偏振光投影 通过流体和透镜。 通过光偏振分析仪观察如此照亮的透镜，显示强化透镜中容易观察到的应力模式，以及在非增强透镜中缺乏这种图案。
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公开(公告)号：US3823639A
公开(公告)日：1974-07-16
申请号：US30905372
申请日：1972-11-24
Applicant: IIT RES INST
Inventor： LIBER T
CPC classification number: F16B31/025 , G01B11/18 , G01L1/241
Abstract: Fasteners such as mine bolts are provided with tension indicators to directly read tension in the shank of the bolt. The preferred tension indicators comprise an elongated pin disposed in a bore formed in the bolt and connected at the bottom of the bore to the bolt shank to be tensioned thereby. The tension indicator further comprises a cross bar attached to the other end of the pin and extending laterally into engagement with another portion of the bolt, such as the head of the bolt, to be bent upon tensioning of the pin. Preferably, a photoelastic member is attached to the cross bar and bending stresses in the cross bar are manifested in the photoelastic member in the form of photoelastic fringes for reading by a reflection polariscope.
Abstract translation: 紧固件（如矿用螺栓）设有张力指示器，可直接读取螺栓柄部的张力。 优选的张力指示器包括设置在形成在螺栓中的孔中的细长销，并且在孔的底部连接到螺栓柄以由此被张紧。 张力指示器还包括附接到销的另一端并横向延伸成与螺栓的另一部分（例如螺栓的头部）接合的横杆，以在销的张紧时弯曲。 优选地，光弹性构件附接到横杆，并且横杆中的弯曲应力以光弹性条纹的形式表现在光弹性构件中，用于由反射偏振镜读取。
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公开(公告)号：US3520608A
公开(公告)日：1970-07-14
申请号：US3520608D
申请日：1967-09-12
Applicant: TRIPLEX SAFETY GLASS CO
Inventor： SPENCER HENRY B
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