Abstract:
A clock generator includes a delta sigma modulator, a counter and a first phase lock loop. The delta sigma modulator sequentially generates a plurality of variable parameters according to a predetermined value and a first input clock signal. The counter, which is connected to the delta sigma modulator, is used to generate an output clock signal in accordance with a counting value and a second input clock signal. The counting value is relevant to the variable parameters. The first phase lock loop, which is connected to the output of the counter, is used to generate an objective clock signal in accordance with the output clock signal.
Abstract:
Each of a pair of like-polarity IGFETs (40 or 42 and 240 or 242) has a channel zone (64 or 84) situated in body material (50). Short-channel effects are alleviated by arranging for the net dopant concentration in the channel zone to longitudinally reach a local surface minimum at a location between the IGFET's source/drain zones (60 and 62 or 80 and 82) and by arranging for the net dopant concentration in the body material to reach a local subsurface maximum more than 0.1 μm deep into the body material but not more than 0.4 μm deep into the body material. A pocket portion (100/102 or 104) extends along both source drain zones of one of the IGFETs. A pocket portion (244 or 246) extends largely along only one of the source/drain zones of the other IGFET so that it is an asymmetrical device.
Abstract:
A trenched-isolated semiconductor structure is created by a process that entails forming a patterned trench (54) along an upper surface of a semiconductor body (40). A dielectric layer (56) is provided over the upper semiconductor surface. The dielectric layer is covered with a smoothening layer (60) whose upper surface is smoother than the upper surface of the dielectric layer. The smoothening layer is removed starting from its upper surface. During the removal of the smoothening layer, upward-protruding material of the dielectric layer progressively becomes exposed and is also removed. As a result, the remainder of dielectric layer has a smoother upper surface than the initial upper surface of the dielectric layer.
Abstract:
The present invention discloses an electrical control light valve apparatus having liquid gallium. The invention comprises the transparent glass as a substrate, ITO transparent conductive film as the electrodes, the liquid gallium as the valve located on the ITO transparent conductive film, and the partial-transparent glass is located on the top of the electrical control light valve apparatus.
Abstract:
An IGFET (40 or 42) has a channel zone (64 or 84) situated in body material (50). Short-channel threshold voltage roll-off and punchthrough are alleviated by arranging for the net dopant concentration in the channel zone to longitudinally reach a local surface minimum at a location between the IGFET's source/drain zones (60 and 62 or 80 and 82) and by arranging for the net dopant concentration in the body material to reach a local subsurface maximum more than 0.1 μm deep into the body material but not more than 0.1 μm deep into the body material. The source/drain zones (140 and 142 or 160 and 162) of a p-channel IGFET (120 or 122) are provided with graded-junction characteristics to reduce junction capacitance, thereby increasing switching speed.
Abstract:
A signal processing apparatus for a multi-mode satellite positioning system includes a band-pass filter, a local oscillator circuit, a first mixing circuit, a second mixing circuit, an analog-to-digital converter and a baseband circuit. By properly allocating a local frequency, radio frequency (RF) signals of a Global Positioning System (GPS), a Galileo positioning system and a Global Navigation System (GLONASS) are processed via a single signal path to save hardware cost.
Abstract:
The invention discloses a novel control system for a Poly-Chromatic light-emitting diode (LED) lighting system, and applies feed forward and feedback control techniques to regulate the color and luminous outputs. Also, the control system is proposed for achieving luminous and color consistency for Poly-Chromatic LED lighting.
Abstract:
The invention provides a mechatronic suspension system and a method for shock absorbing thereof. The invention applies the analogies between mechanical and electronic networks to propose a mechatronic suspension system, which combines a ball-screw inerter and a permanent magnet electric machinery, such that the complicated network structure can be realized through the combination of mechanical and electronic networks. The mechatronic suspension system is connected to two terminals, and consists of the inerter mechanism, the permanent magnet electric machinery and the feedback circuit. The inerter mechanism is connected to the terminals to transfer the linear motion into the rotational motion. The permanent magnet electric machinery is connected to the inerter mechanism to generate a corresponding voltage. And the feedback circuit is connected to the permanent magnet electric machinery to provide suitable system impedance and to generate a feedback force.
Abstract:
Fabrication of two differently configured like-polarity insulated-gate field-effect transistors (40 or 42 and 240 or 242) entails introducing multiple body-material semiconductor dopants of the same conductivity type into a semiconductor body. Gate electrodes (74 or 94) are defined such that each body-material dopant reaches a maximum concentration below the channel surface depletion regions, below all gate-electrode material overlying the channel zones (64 or 84), and at a different depth than each other body-material dopant. The transistors are provided with source/drain zones (60 or 80) of opposite conductivity type to, and with halo pocket portions of the same conductivity type as, the body-material dopants. One pocket portion (100/102 or 104) extends along both source/drain zones of one of the transistors. Another pocket portion (244 or 246) extends largely along only one of the source/drain zones of the other transistor so that it is asymmetrical.
Abstract:
An IGFET (40 or 42) has a channel zone (64 or 84) situated in body material (50). Short-channel threshold voltage roll-off and punchthrough are alleviated by arranging for the net dopant concentration in the channel zone to longitudinally reach a local surface minimum at a location between the IGFET's source/drain zones (60 and 62 or 80 and 82) and by arranging for the net dopant concentration in the body material to reach a local subsurface maximum more than 0.1 &mgr;m deep into the body material but not more than 0.1 &mgr;m deep into the body material. The source/drain zones (140 and 142 or 160 and 162) of a p-channel IGFET (120 or 122) are provided with graded-junction characteristics to reduce junction capacitance, thereby increasing switching speed.