Abstract:
High-efficiency thermal insulation products and methods for use thereof for use in insulating buildings, residential homes, and other enclosed environments. In one arrangement, a thermal insulation product includes a substantially gas-impermeable envelope having first and second opposing surfaces and a sealed interior portion between the first and second opposing surfaces, a support material within the sealed interior portion of the gas-impermeable envelope, and at least about 2 grams of a liquid per liter of a total volume of the sealed interior portion within the sealed interior portion. At least a portion of the liquid is operable to cyclically evaporate from adjacent one of the first and second opposing surfaces and subsequently condense adjacent the other of the first and second opposing surfaces depending on temperature differences between the first and second opposing surfaces.
Abstract:
Methods and apparatus for forming apertures in a solid state membrane using dielectric breakdown are provided. In one disclosed arrangement a plurality of apertures are formed. The membrane comprises a first surface area portion on one side of the membrane and a second surface area portion on the other side of the membrane. Each of a plurality of target regions comprises a recess or a fluidic passage opening out into the first or second surface area portion. The method comprises contacting all of the first surface area portion of the membrane with a first bath comprising ionic solution and all of the second surface area portion with a second bath comprising ionic solution. A voltage is applied across the membrane via first and second electrodes in respective contact with the first and second baths comprising ionic solutions to form an aperture at each of a plurality of the target regions in the membrane.
Abstract:
Methods and apparatus for forming apertures in a solid state membrane using dielectric breakdown are provided. In one disclosed arrangement a plurality of apertures are formed. The membrane comprises a first surface area portion on one side of the membrane and a second surface area portion on the other side of the membrane. Each of a plurality of target regions comprises a recess or a fluidic passage opening out into the first or second surface area portion. The method comprises contacting all of the first surface area portion of the membrane with a first bath comprising ionic solution and all of the second surface area portion with a second bath comprising ionic solution. A voltage is applied across the membrane via first and second electrodes in respective contact with the first and second baths comprising ionic solutions to form an aperture at each of a plurality of the target regions in the membrane.
Abstract:
Methods and apparatus for forming apertures in a solid state membrane using dielectric breakdown are provided. In one disclosed arrangement a plurality of apertures are formed. The membrane comprises a first surface area portion on one side of the membrane and a second surface area portion on the other side of the membrane. Each of a plurality of target regions comprises a recess or a fluidic passage opening out into the first or second surface area portion. The method comprises contacting all of the first surface area portion of the membrane with a first bath comprising ionic solution and all of the second surface area portion with a second bath comprising ionic solution. A voltage is applied across the membrane via first and second electrodes in respective contact with the first and second baths comprising ionic solutions to form an aperture at each of a plurality of the target regions in the membrane.
Abstract:
High-efficiency thermal insulation products and methods for use thereof for insulating cylindrically-shaped and other non-planar objects such as pipes, tanks, and the like. One method includes heating a substantially gas-tight enclosure to render the gas-tight enclosure pliable, wrapping the inner surface of the gas-tight enclosure about at least a portion of a non-planar surface, and cooling the gas-tight enclosure to render the gas-tight enclosure substantially unpliable about the non-planar surface. The gas-tight enclosure may include a sealed interior portion having a pressure that is not greater than about 500 mbar at a temperature of about 20° C. before the heating step and/or after the cooling step. A ratio of a thickness of the gas-tight enclosure to a radius of curvature of the portion of the non-planar surface may be at least about 1 to 8.