Abstract:
The present invention provides a method of manufacturing a nonlinear element capable further improving nonlinearity of a nonlinear element, an electrooptic device, and electronic apparatus. In forming an element substrate of a liquid crystal device, an underlying layer is formed on the surface of the element substrate in the underlying layer forming step (a), and then a first metal film having a metal film containing at least Ta is formed in the first metal film forming step (b). Then, in the insulating film forming step (c), the first metal film is annealed under high pressure in an atmosphere containing water vapor to form an insulating film on the first metal film. Then, in the second metal film forming step, a second metal film is formed on the surface of the insulating film to produce a nonlinear element.
Abstract:
A four-wheel drive vehicle is provided in which the main driven wheels are driven by an engine via a torque converter and the auxiliary driven wheels are driven by an electric motor. The response of the vehicle to the operation of the accelerator is improved by suppressing in advance the slip of the main driven wheels due to an excess output of the engine. The main driven wheels are driven by an engine via a torque converter and auxiliary driven wheels are driven by an electric motor. The vehicle is started by the output of the electric motor in the region in which the speed ratio of the torque converter is small (that is to say, the region in which the efficiency is low) such as when the vehicle is starting, and when it enters the region in which the speed ratio of the torque converter exceeds 0.8 and the efficiency exceeds 85% the drive of the electric motor is stopped or suspended and the vehicle is made to travel by means of the output of the engine.
Abstract:
An electrode connecting device of a liquid crystal display element connects a transparent electrode terminal formed on a substrate constructed by a flexible film to an electrode terminal of a driving circuit and an external circuit through an anisotropic conductive film. The electrode connecting device has a protecting film formed on a surface of a connecting portion on which the transparent electrode terminal is formed. The protecting film can absorb stress applied to the transparent electrode at a thermal press-fixing time and can move conductive particles within the anisotropic conductive film. Both the electrodes are electrically connected to each other through the conductive particles within the anisotropic conductive film extending through the protecting film. The protecting film may be disposed on only the transparent electrode. A peripheral substrate portion around both the connected electrodes may be covered with another protecting film.
Abstract:
A light-polarizing film is disclosed, comprising a conductive polymer having dichroism and having an unsaturated cyclic structure in the main chain thereof. The light-polarizing film of the invention has good polarization quality and is excellent in durability under high-temperature and high-humidity conditions.
Abstract:
A lateral electric field liquid crystal display panel is provided which includes a pair of substrates, a liquid crystal enclosed between the pair of substrates, liquid crystal-drive electrodes provided on one of the pair of substrates, a translucent electrostatic shielding layer provided on an exterior surface of at least one of the pair of substrates, and a polarizer disposed on the translucent electrostatic shielding layer, and in this liquid crystal display panel, the translucent electrostatic shielding layer has properties not to disappear by a chemical reaction with a material forming the polarizer.
Abstract:
A touch panel includes: a first touch panel substrate having a first surface and having a flexibility; a second touch panel substrate arranged a fixed distance away from the first touch panel substrate via spacers, having a second surface that faces the first surface; a position detecting section formed on the first surface, and detecting a position where the first touch panel substrate is being pressed based on changes in surface acoustic waves generated on the first surface; and a resin film formed on the second surface.
Abstract:
An electro-optical device includes: an electro-optical panel having a first substrate, a second substrate, and an electro-optical substance interposed between the first and the second substrates; a third substrate arranged on the second substrate; a fourth substrate having a flexibility and arranged on the third substrate via a spacer; a position detector provided on the third substrate and detecting a pressed position on the fourth substrate based on changes in surface waves generated on the third substrate; and a resin film provided on the fourth substrate and opposed to the third substrate.
Abstract:
A touch panel includes: a first touch panel substrate having a first surface and having a flexibility; a second touch panel substrate arranged a fixed distance away from the first touch panel substrate via spacers, having a second surface that faces the first surface; a position detecting section formed on the first surface, and detecting a position where the first touch panel substrate is being pressed based on changes in surface acoustic waves generated on the first surface; and a resin film formed on the second surface.
Abstract:
A liquid crystal device is provided that comprises a plurality of spacers formed on a first substrate, a plurality of R colored layers, G colored layers, and B colored layers formed on a second substrate opposite to the first substrate, and a light-shielding layer formed between the colored layers. The plurality of spacers is provided around the respective colored layers, and the dimensions of the spacers is set to be Zg
Abstract:
A liquid crystal device is provided that comprises a plurality of spacers formed on a first substrate, a plurality of R colored layers, G colored layers, and B colored layers formed on a second substrate opposite to the first substrate, and a light-shielding layer formed between the colored layers. The plurality of spacers is provided around the respective colored layers, and the dimensions of the spacers is set to be Zg