摘要:
An improved method of implementing and solving relay ladder logic, such as in programmable logic controllers, more efficiently to allow greater flexibility is provided. Solving relay ladder logic is performed with scan times dependent only upon the number of input and state changes on a scan, and the resulting number of flow changes at ladder connectors. The scan time will therefore be independent of the size of the ladder. The method comprises the steps of recording the structure of a relay ladder and the current flow on the ladder via a ladder coding convention which specifies adjacent relay ladder connections for a particular diagram. Based upon input or state variable changes or events, the process of the invention will act to toggle all of the ladder contacts associated with these events between open and closed positions. This procedure is accomplished by following precomputed lists of such contacts which will be affected by a particular event or change in system model variables. Once the scan events have been posted in the ladder, the scan continues with a processing sweep which computes flow change across one column of the ladder at a time. In each column during a scan, each posted event which has been updated in the control model may be retrieved and expanded across the ladder to vertical paths of the next column to the right in the ladder. When the column sweep reaches a coil element, the changed state variable will be output and retained for the next scan calculation. The relay logic event sweep performs a left to right computation of events or changes in the input or state variables of the control model ladder flow, such that the computation will always move downstream with respect to the power flow on the ladder. This insures that flow change is not doubly calculated on the same scan, returning to an original value. The process maintains a complete record of ladder flow on every scan, and is adaptable to any relay ladder logic system, having no formatting restrictions.
摘要:
Compounds of formula II ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrocarbon, halogenated hydrocarbon, polyether, substituted phenyl, substituted benzyl or alkylamine; and R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are hydrogen, lower alkyl, halogen, haloalkyl, alkoxy and similar substituents are disclosed. The compounds are useful in the treatment of M. avium. Methods and compositions utilizing novel as well as known compounds are disclosed.
摘要:
A cooling system for audio equipment uses a temperature sensor and Peltier effect module in a feedback control loop. The cooling system reads the temperature sensor to obtain the temperature of an audio component of the equipment, and adjusts the drive for the Peltier effect module that cools the audio component, to prevent overheating of the component. The cooling system may include an autonomous power supply that generates electric power from the audio signal driving a loudspeaker of the audio system. In another embodiment, the cooling system cools an audio component installed in a vehicle, even when the vehicle is unattended. To prevent discharge of the vehicle's battery, the cooling system employs a battery supervisor for turning the cooling system off when the battery has discharged down to a predetermined state.
摘要:
Organosilver complexes with &bgr;-diketonates and neutral coordinating ligands are useful as silver precursors in chemical vapor deposition processes. The &bgr;-diketonates include 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedionate (hfac), acetylacetonate (acac), 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate (tmhd), 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,4-pentanedionate, (tfac), 2,2,7-trimethyl-3,5-octanedionate (tmod), 1,1,1-trifluoro-5,5-dimethyl-2,4-pentanedionate (tfh) 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,7,7,8,8,9,9,9-tetradecafluoro-4,6-nonanedionate (tdf). Neutral coordinating ligands include triphenylphosphine, tributylphosphine, pyridine, tetramethylethanediamine (TMEDA) and tetramethylpropanediamine (TMPDA).
摘要:
An architecture is provided for field programmable gate army (FPGA) devices which implement relay ladder logic in PLC systems. Once the device is programmed, the implemented logic is executed in rung parallel fashion at electronic speeds. A direct correspondence of these devices in detail to relay ladder logic assures that technology mapping software for the FPGA device will run sufficiently fast for use in PLC systems. A reversible device programming method is required, so that the device can be reprogrammed conveniently to different relay ladder models. The architecture scales to families of devices of differing sizes and resources. A basic relay ladder logic is implemented, which supports various relay ladder logic dialects.
摘要:
N-[Heterocyclicaminocarbonyl]-1H-indene and tetrahydronaphthalene sulfonamides, such as 2,3-dihydro-N-[(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl]-1H-indene-4-sulfonamide, are useful for the regulation of plant growth and as preemergent and postemergent herbicides.