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公开(公告)号：US20180048398A1
公开(公告)日：2018-02-15
申请号：US15429511
申请日：2017-02-10
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Wassim El-Hassan
CPC classification number: H04B17/101 , H01Q3/267 , H01Q3/36 , H04B17/0085 , H04B17/14
Abstract: An electronic device may be provided with wireless circuitry that handles millimeter wave communications. The wireless circuitry may be tested using a test system that includes a fixture, computing equipment, and a substrate placed in the fixture. The fixture may hold an array of antennas on the substrate at a selected distance from an array of antennas on the wireless circuitry under test. The array on the substrate may receive millimeter wave test signals from the wireless circuitry under test. A transmission line may convey the millimeter wave test signals to a signal analyzer without down-converting the signals. The analyzer and computing equipment may identify performance metric data based on the test signals and may determine whether the wireless circuitry has satisfactory performance based on the performance metric data. The test system may be calibrated using settings that are specific to the design of the wireless circuitry under test.
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公开(公告)号：US11722230B2
公开(公告)日：2023-08-08
申请号：US17065829
申请日：2020-10-08
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Wassim El-Hassan , Gurusubrahmaniyan Subrahmaniyan Radhakrishnan , Srinivasa Yasasvy Sateesh Bhamidipati , Daphne Irene Gorman , Vineet Nayak , Xuefeng Zhao
CPC classification number: H04B17/13 , H01Q1/002 , H01Q3/34 , H01Q23/00 , H04B17/102 , H04W52/228
Abstract: A radio frequency device includes antennas, transmitters, power detectors, a memory storing instructions and an antenna gain lookup table, and processors. The processors execute instructions that include instructing the transmitters to send transmission signals through the antennas to form a first beamformed signal having a first beam direction and a first frequency using multiple input powers. The instructions include determining radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) gains associated with the transmitters based on the transmission signals using the power detectors. Moreover, the instructions include determining the antenna gains for the antennas based on the first beam direction and the first frequency of the first beamformed signal, and the antenna gain lookup table. The instructions also include determining total gains based on the RFIC gains and the antenna gains, and adjusting the input powers based on the total gains and a back off power signal.
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公开(公告)号：US11637640B2
公开(公告)日：2023-04-25
申请号：US16948618
申请日：2020-09-25
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Kai Bai , Wassim El-Hassan , Linchao Liao , Ding Nie
Abstract: A user equipment (UE) configured to perform self-calibration. The UE includes a first radio configured to perform implicit beamforming and further configured to transmit and receive signals during the calibration procedure. The UE further includes a first plurality of antennas communicatively coupled to the first radio, a second radio configured to transmit and receive signals during the calibration procedure and at least one second antenna communicatively coupled to the second radio. The calibration procedure includes the second radio transmitting a tone signal over the calibration frequency and a first antenna of the first radio receiving the tone signal and a second antenna of the first radio receiving the tone signal.
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公开(公告)号：US20170126258A1
公开(公告)日：2017-05-04
申请号：US15269805
申请日：2016-09-19
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Gurusubrahmaniyan Subrahmaniyan Radhakrishnan , Wassim El-Hassan , Srinivasa Yasasvy Sateesh Bhamidipati , Hailong Yang
IPC: H04B1/04
CPC classification number: H04B1/04 , H04B1/0475 , H04B2001/0425 , Y02D70/00 , Y02D70/1242 , Y02D70/1262 , Y02D70/142 , Y02D70/144 , Y02D70/146 , Y02D70/164 , Y02D70/23 , Y02D70/40
Abstract: An electronic device may include wireless communications circuitry that has first and second digital predistortion circuits. The first predistortion circuit receives a first signal at a first frequency while the second predistortion circuit receives a second signal at a second frequency. The first circuit may perform predistortion operations on the first signal using non-unity predistortion coefficients to generate a predistorted signal. The second circuit may apply unity predistortion coefficients to the second signal to generate an undistorted signal. An adder may combine the predistorted and undistorted signals to generate a combined signal that is amplified by amplifier circuitry. An antenna may transmit the amplified signal. By over-distorting the first signal with the first predistortion circuit while the second predistortion circuit does not distort the second signal, the circuitry may mitigate non-linearity in the amplifier while allowing for carrier aggregation operations to be performed with minimal power consumption.
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公开(公告)号：US09537519B2
公开(公告)日：2017-01-03
申请号：US14525077
申请日：2014-10-27
Applicant: Apple Inc.
CPC classification number: H04B1/0475 , H03F1/0227 , H03F1/0266 , H03F1/3247 , H03F3/19 , H03F3/24 , H03F3/245 , H03F2200/102 , H03F2200/451 , H04B17/0085 , H04B17/13 , H04B2001/0408
Abstract: Wireless communications circuitry in an electronic device may include power amplifier circuitry that is powered using a bias voltage supplied by adjustable power supply circuitry. The power supply circuitry may include envelope tracking circuitry that continuously adjusts the bias voltage. The wireless communications circuitry may generate test signals and may generate performance metric data from the test signals. Processing circuitry may generate bias voltage calibration data based on the performance metric data and may provide the calibration data to the envelope tracking circuitry. After the calibration data has been generated, the envelope tracking circuitry may continuously select bias voltages to provide to the amplifier based on the magnitude of signals that are transmitted and the calibration data. By actively adjusting the bias voltage in this way, power consumption may be minimized without generating undesirable harmonics or other radio-frequency performance requirement violations.
Abstract translation: 电子设备中的无线通信电路可以包括使用由可调电源电路提供的偏置电压供电的功率放大器电路。 电源电路可以包括连续调整偏置电压的包络跟踪电路。 无线通信电路可以产生测试信号并且可以从测试信号生成性能度量数据。 处理电路可以基于性能度量数据产生偏置电压校准数据，并且可以将校准数据提供给包络跟踪电路。 在产生校准数据之后，包络跟踪电路可以连续地选择偏置电压，以便根据发送的信号的大小和校准数据提供给放大器。 通过以这种方式主动调整偏置电压，可以最小化功耗，而不会产生不期望的谐波或其他射频性能要求违规。
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Patent Agency Ranking
16.发明申请Systems and Methods for Performing Tester-less Radio-Frequency Testing on Wireless Communications Circuitry 有权在无线通信电路中执行无测试无线射频测试的系统和方法公开(公告)号：US20160072594A1
公开(公告)日：2016-03-10
申请号：US14477703
申请日：2014-09-04
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Chao Yuan , Wassim El-Hassan , Vishwanath Venkataraman
IPC: H04B17/00
CPC classification number: H04B17/0085 , H04B17/16 , H04B17/19 , H04B17/21
Abstract: Radio-frequency performance of wireless communications circuitry on an electronic device under test (DUT) may be tested without external test equipment such as signal analyzers or signal generators. A first DUT may transmit test signals to a second DUT. External attenuator circuitry interposed between the DUTs may attenuate the test signals to desired power levels. The second DUT may characterize and/or calibrate receiver performance by generating wireless performance metric data based on the attenuated test signals. A single DUT may transmit test signals to itself via corresponding transmit and receive ports coupled together through the attenuator. The DUT may generate performance metric data based on the test signals. The DUT may include feedback receiver circuitry coupled to an output of a transmitter via a feedback, path and may characterize and/or calibrate transmit performance using test signals transmitted by the transmitter and received by the feedback receiver.
Abstract translation: 可以在没有外部测试设备（如信号分析仪或信号发生器）的情况下测试被测电子设备（DUT）上的无线通信电路的射频性能。 第一DUT可以将测试信号发送到第二DUT。 插入在DUT之间的外部衰减器电路可以将测试信号衰减到期望的功率电平。 第二DUT可以通过基于衰减的测试信号产生无线性能度量数据来表征和/或校准接收机性能。 单个DUT可以通过经由衰减器耦合在一起的对应的发射和接收端口将测试信号发送到自身。 DUT可以基于测试信号生成性能度量数据。 DUT可以包括经由反馈路径耦合到发射机的输出的反馈接收器电路，并且可以使用由发射器发送并由反馈接收器接收的测试信号来表征和/或校准发射性能。
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公开(公告)号：US20160072530A1
公开(公告)日：2016-03-10
申请号：US14525077
申请日：2014-10-27
Applicant: Apple Inc.
CPC classification number: H04B1/0475 , H03F1/0227 , H03F1/0266 , H03F1/3247 , H03F3/19 , H03F3/24 , H03F3/245 , H03F2200/102 , H03F2200/451 , H04B17/0085 , H04B17/13 , H04B2001/0408
Abstract: Wireless communications circuitry in an electronic device may include power amplifier circuitry that is powered using a bias voltage supplied by adjustable power supply circuitry. The power supply circuitry may include envelope tracking circuitry that continuously adjusts the bias voltage. The wireless communications circuitry may generate test signals and may generate performance metric data from the test signals. Processing circuitry may generate bias voltage calibration data based on the performance metric data and may provide the calibration data to the envelope tracking circuitry. After the calibration data has been generated, the envelope tracking circuitry may continuously select bias voltages to provide to the amplifier based on the magnitude of signals that are transmitted and the calibration data. By actively adjusting the bias voltage in this way, power consumption may be minimized without generating undesirable harmonics or other radio-frequency performance requirement violations.
Abstract translation: 电子设备中的无线通信电路可以包括使用由可调电源电路提供的偏置电压供电的功率放大器电路。 电源电路可以包括连续调整偏置电压的包络跟踪电路。 无线通信电路可以产生测试信号并且可以从测试信号生成性能度量数据。 处理电路可以基于性能度量数据产生偏置电压校准数据，并且可以将校准数据提供给包络跟踪电路。 在产生校准数据之后，包络跟踪电路可以连续地选择偏置电压，以便根据发送的信号的大小和校准数据提供给放大器。 通过以这种方式主动调整偏置电压，可以最小化功耗，而不会产生不期望的谐波或其他射频性能要求违规。
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18.发明申请RADIO FREQUENCY ADAPTIVE VOLTAGE SHAPING POWER AMPLIFIER SYSTEMS AND METHODS 有权无线电频率自适应电压形式功率放大器系统和方法公开(公告)号：US20160072457A1
公开(公告)日：2016-03-10
申请号：US14794412
申请日：2015-07-08
Applicant: Apple Inc.
CPC classification number: H04B1/0475 , H03F1/0211 , H03F1/0227 , H03F1/3247 , H03F3/19 , H03F3/245 , H03F2200/102 , H03F2200/321 , H03F2200/451 , H03F2201/3227 , H03G1/0005 , H03G3/004 , H04B17/13 , H04W52/0225 , H04W52/0251 , Y02D70/1262 , Y02D70/142 , Y02D70/144 , Y02D70/40
Abstract: Systems and method for improving operation of a radio frequency system are provided. One embodiment includes instructions to execute a coarse calibration to associate a first output power with a first operational parameter set; instruct the radio frequency system to transmit a signal based at least in part on the first operational parameter set and a base detrough function; determine performance metrics resulting from transmission of the signal; determine changes in the performance metrics resulting from operating the radio frequency based at least in part on the first operational parameter set and each of a plurality of augmented detrough functions; and associate a second operational parameter set with a second output power, in which the second operational parameter set includes one of the plurality of augmented detrough functions selected based at least in part on the changes that reduce margin between the performance metrics and performance metric thresholds.
Abstract translation: 提供了改善射频系统操作的系统和方法。 一个实施例包括执行粗略校准以将第一输出功率与第一操作参数组相关联的指令; 指示所述射频系统至少部分地基于所述第一操作参数集和基本去耦功能来发送信号; 确定由信号传输产生的性能指标; 确定至少部分地基于第一操作参数集和多个增强去空函数中的每一个来操作射频而导致的性能度量的改变; 并且将第二操作参数集合与第二输出功率相关联，其中所述第二操作参数集包括至少部分地基于减少所述性能度量和性能度量阈值之间的裕度的所述改变来选择的所述多个增强去耦功能中的一个。
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19.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20210099241A1
公开(公告)日：2021-04-01
申请号：US16585335
申请日：2019-09-27
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Wassim El-Hassan , Bassel Husam Alesh , Srinivasa Yasasvy Sateesh Bhamidipati , Daphne Irene Gorman , Vineet Nayak , Xuefeng Zhao , Xiaohui Gong
Abstract: An electronic device has multiple transmitters to transmit multiple signals. The electronic device also has a receiver to receive a signal. Moreover, the electronic device has a memory to store instructions and a processor to execute the instructions. The instructions cause the processor to send a test transmission signal from a transmitter of the multiple of transmitters, receive the test transmission signal at the receiver, and determine a gain of the test transmission signal. In response to determining that the gain is within a threshold range of an initial gain, the instructions cause the processor to send an indication that the receiver is operating as expected.
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公开(公告)号：US10778345B2
公开(公告)日：2020-09-15
申请号：US15862279
申请日：2018-01-04
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Wassim El-Hassan , Mohammad Reza Ghajar , Gurusubrahmaniyan Subrahmaniyan Radhakrishnan , Vineet Nayak , Srinivasa Yasasvy Sateesh Bhamidipati
Abstract: The representative embodiments discussed in the present disclosure relate to techniques in which the operating characteristics (e.g., gain and/or efficiency) of a power amplifier in a transmitter may be regulated according to an operation mode of the transmitter. More specifically, in some embodiments, different look-up tables (LUTs) may be employed for each mode of operation to suitably adjust the supply voltage to the power amplifier and modulate its operating characteristics based on power input to the power amplifier. Further, in some embodiments, a method to calibrate a LUT for uplink carrier aggregation (ULCA) operation mode of the transmitter may be employed to populate a LUT used to suitably adjust the supply voltage during ULCA.
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