公开(公告)号：US10518221B2

公开(公告)日：2019-12-31

申请号：US15747907

申请日：2016-07-29

Applicant: Gradiant Corporation

Inventor： Looh Tchuin Choong ,  Prakash Narayan Govindan ,  Maximus G. St. John ,  Steven Lam ,  Jonn-Ross Andrews ,  Karim M. Chehayeb

IPC: B01D61/58 ,  B01D61/00 ,  B01D61/02 ,  C02F1/44 ,  C02F103/08

Abstract: Provided herein are osmotic desalination methods and associated systems. According to certain embodiments, multiple osmotic membranes may be used to perform a series of osmosis steps, such that an output stream having a relatively high water purity—compared to a water purity of an aqueous feed stream—is produced. In some embodiments, multiple draw streams can be used to produce aqueous product streams having sequentially higher purities of water. Certain embodiments are related to osmotic desalination systems and methods in which forward osmosis is used to produce a first product stream having a relatively high water purity relative to an aqueous feed stream, and reverse osmosis is used to perform a second step (and/or additional steps) on the first product stream. In some embodiments, multiple reverse osmosis steps can be used in series to perform a net desalination process.

公开(公告)号：US10479701B2

公开(公告)日：2019-11-19

申请号：US15967273

申请日：2018-04-30

Applicant: Gradiant Corporation

Inventor： Prakash Narayan Govindan ,  Maximus G. St. John ,  Steven Lam ,  Mark Zaloudek ,  Karim M. Chehayeb ,  Samar Shah

IPC: C02F1/10 ,  C02F1/08 ,  C02F5/02 ,  C02F1/66 ,  B01D3/34 ,  B01D17/02 ,  C02F1/52 ,  B01D3/16 ,  C02F103/08 ,  C02F103/10 ,  C02F101/10 ,  C02F101/32 ,  C02F101/12 ,  C02F1/00

Abstract: Systems and methods related to desalination systems are described herein. According to some embodiments, the desalination systems are transiently operated and/or configured to facilitate transient operation. In some embodiments, a liquid stream comprising water and at least one dissolved salt is circulated through a fluidic circuit comprising a desalination system. In some embodiments, a portion of the desalination system (e.g., a humidifier) is configured to remove at least a portion of the water from the liquid stream to produce a concentrated brine stream enriched in the dissolved salt. In certain cases, the concentrated brine stream is recirculated through the fluidic circuit until the concentrated brine stream reaches a relatively high density (e.g., at least about 10 pounds per gallon) and/or a relatively high salinity (e.g., a total dissolved salt concentration of at least about 25 wt %). In certain embodiments, additional salt is added to the concentrated brine stream to produce an ultra-high-density brine stream (e.g., a brine stream having a density of at least about 11.7 pounds per gallon). Some aspects relate to a system that is configured to promote energy efficiency by recovering heat from the recirculated concentrated brine stream upon discharge from the fluidic circuit.

公开(公告)号：US20190209947A1

公开(公告)日：2019-07-11

申请号：US16268643

申请日：2019-02-06

Applicant: Gradiant Corporation

Inventor： Prakash Narayan Govindan ,  Maximus G. St. John ,  Karim M. Chehayeb ,  Steven Lam

IPC: B01D3/42 ,  B01D3/16 ,  B01D3/34 ,  C02F1/10 ,  C02F1/00 ,  F28C1/02

Abstract: A counter-flow simultaneous heat and mass exchange device is operated by directing flows of two fluids into a heat and mass exchange device at initial mass flow rates where ideal changes in total enthalpy rates of the two fluids are unequal. At least one of the following state variables in the fluids is measured: temperature, pressure and concentration, which together define the thermodynamic state of the two fluid streams at the points of entry to and exit from the device. The flow rates of the fluids at the points of entry and/or exit to/from the device are measured; and the mass flow rate of at least one of the two fluids is changed such that the ideal change in total enthalpy rates of the two fluids through the device are brought closer to being equal.

公开(公告)号：US20190009218A1

公开(公告)日：2019-01-10

申请号：US15747907

申请日：2016-07-29

Applicant: Gradiant Corporation

Inventor： Looh Tchuin Choong ,  Prakash Narayan Govindan ,  Maximus G. St. John ,  Steven Lam ,  Jonn-Ross Andrews ,  Karim M. Chehayeb

IPC: B01D61/58 ,  B01D61/00 ,  B01D61/02 ,  C02F1/44

CPC classification number: B01D61/58 ,  B01D61/002 ,  B01D61/022 ,  B01D61/025 ,  B01D2311/14 ,  B01D2317/025 ,  C02F1/44 ,  C02F1/441 ,  C02F1/445 ,  C02F2103/08 ,  C02F2301/08 ,  Y02A20/131

Abstract: Provided herein are osmotic desalination methods and associated systems. According to certain embodiments, multiple osmotic membranes may be used to perform a series of osmosis steps, such that an output stream having a relatively high water purity—compared to a water purity of an aqueous feed stream—is produced. In some embodiments, multiple draw streams can be NI used to produce aqueous product streams having sequentially higher purities of water. Certain embodiments are related to osmotic desalination systems and methods in which forward osmosis is used to produce a first product stream having a relatively high water purity relative to an aqueous feed stream, and reverse osmosis is used to perform a second step (and/or additional steps) on the first product stream. In some embodiments, multiple reverse osmosis steps can be used in series to perform a net desalination process.

公开(公告)号：US11084736B2

公开(公告)日：2021-08-10

申请号：US16596975

申请日：2019-10-09

Applicant: Gradiant Corporation

Inventor： Prakash Narayan Govindan ,  Maximus G. St. John ,  Steven Lam ,  Mark Zaloudek ,  Karim M. Chehayeb ,  Samar Shah

IPC: C02F1/10 ,  C02F1/08 ,  C02F5/02 ,  C02F1/66 ,  B01D3/34 ,  B01D17/02 ,  C02F1/52 ,  B01D3/16 ,  C02F103/08 ,  C02F103/10 ,  C02F101/10 ,  C02F101/32 ,  C02F101/12 ,  C02F1/00

Abstract: Systems and methods related to desalination systems are described herein. According to some embodiments, the desalination systems are transiently operated and/or configured to facilitate transient operation. In some embodiments, a liquid stream comprising water and at least one dissolved salt is circulated through a fluidic circuit comprising a desalination system. In some embodiments, a portion of the desalination system (e.g., a humidifier) is configured to remove at least a portion of the water from the liquid stream to produce a concentrated brine stream enriched in the dissolved salt. In certain cases, the concentrated brine stream is recirculated through the fluidic circuit until the concentrated brine stream reaches a relatively high density (e.g., at least about 10 pounds per gallon) and/or a relatively high salinity (e.g., a total dissolved salt concentration of at least about 25 wt %). In certain embodiments, additional salt is added to the concentrated brine stream to produce an ultra-high-density brine stream (e.g., a brine stream having a density of at least about 11.7 pounds per gallon). Some aspects relate to a system that is configured to promote energy efficiency by recovering heat from the recirculated concentrated brine stream upon discharge from the fluidic circuit.

公开(公告)号：US20200147554A1

公开(公告)日：2020-05-14

申请号：US16681533

申请日：2019-11-12

Applicant: Gradiant Corporation

Inventor： Looh Tchuin Choong ,  Prakash Narayan Govindan ,  Maximus G. St. John ,  Steven Lam ,  Jonn-Ross Andrews ,  Karim M. Chehayeb

IPC: B01D61/58 ,  C02F1/44 ,  B01D61/02 ,  B01D61/00

Abstract: Provided herein are osmotic desalination methods and associated systems. According to certain embodiments, multiple osmotic membranes may be used to perform a series of osmosis steps, such that an output stream having a relatively high water purity—compared to a water purity of an aqueous feed stream—is produced. In some embodiments, multiple draw streams can be used to produce aqueous product streams having sequentially higher purities of water. Certain embodiments are related to osmotic desalination systems and methods in which forward osmosis is used to produce a first product stream having a relatively high water purity relative to an aqueous feed stream, and reverse osmosis is used to perform a second step (and/or additional steps) on the first product stream. In some embodiments, multiple reverse osmosis steps can be used in series to perform a net desalination process.

公开(公告)号：US10239765B2

公开(公告)日：2019-03-26

申请号：US15401948

申请日：2017-01-09

Applicant: Gradiant Corporation

Inventor： Prakash Narayan Govindan ,  Maximus G. St. John ,  Karim M. Chehayeb ,  Steven Lam

IPC: B01F3/04 ,  C02F1/26 ,  C02F1/00 ,  B01D3/42 ,  F28F27/00 ,  F28B1/02 ,  F28C1/02 ,  B01D3/16 ,  C02F1/10 ,  F28B5/00 ,  F28D21/00 ,  C02F1/04 ,  C02F103/08 ,  C02F103/10

Abstract: A counter-flow simultaneous heat and mass exchange device is operated by directing flows of two fluids into a heat and mass exchange device at initial mass flow rates where ideal changes in total enthalpy rates of the two fluids are unequal. At least one of the following state variables in the fluids is measured: temperature, pressure and concentration, which together define the thermodynamic state of the two fluid streams at the points of entry to and exit from the device. The flow rates of the fluids at the points of entry and/or exit to/from the device are measured; and the mass flow rate of at least one of the two fluids is changed such that the ideal change in total enthalpy rates of the two fluids through the device are brought closer to being equal.

公开(公告)号：US20190002306A1

公开(公告)日：2019-01-03

申请号：US15967273

申请日：2018-04-30

Applicant: Gradiant Corporation

Inventor： Prakash Narayan Govindan ,  Maximus G. St. John ,  Steven Lam ,  Mark Zaloudek ,  Karim M. Chehayeb ,  Samar Shah

IPC: C02F1/10 ,  C02F1/66 ,  B01D3/16 ,  B01D3/34 ,  B01D17/02 ,  C02F1/52 ,  C02F1/08 ,  C02F5/02 ,  C02F1/00 ,  C02F101/10 ,  C02F101/12 ,  C02F101/32 ,  C02F103/08 ,  C02F103/10

CPC classification number: C02F1/10 ,  B01D3/16 ,  B01D3/346 ,  B01D17/02 ,  B01D17/0205 ,  C02F1/08 ,  C02F1/52 ,  C02F1/5236 ,  C02F1/5245 ,  C02F1/66 ,  C02F5/02 ,  C02F2001/007 ,  C02F2001/5218 ,  C02F2101/101 ,  C02F2101/12 ,  C02F2101/32 ,  C02F2101/322 ,  C02F2101/325 ,  C02F2103/08 ,  C02F2103/10 ,  C02F2301/046 ,  Y02A20/128 ,  Y02P70/34

Abstract: Systems and methods related to desalination systems are described herein. According to some embodiments, the desalination systems are transiently operated and/or configured to facilitate transient operation. In some embodiments, a liquid stream comprising water and at least one dissolved salt is circulated through a fluidic circuit comprising a desalination system. In some embodiments, a portion of the desalination system (e.g., a humidifier) is configured to remove at least a portion of the water from the liquid stream to produce a concentrated brine stream enriched in the dissolved salt. In certain cases, the concentrated brine stream is recirculated through the fluidic circuit until the concentrated brine stream reaches a relatively high density (e.g., at least about 10 pounds per gallon) and/or a relatively high salinity (e.g., a total dissolved salt concentration of at least about 25 wt %). In certain embodiments, additional salt is added to the concentrated brine stream to produce an ultra-high-density brine stream (e.g., a brine stream having a density of at least about 11.7 pounds per gallon). Some aspects relate to a system that is configured to promote energy efficiency by recovering heat from the recirculated concentrated brine stream upon discharge from the fluidic circuit.

公开(公告)号：US09981860B2

公开(公告)日：2018-05-29

申请号：US15464390

申请日：2017-03-21

Applicant: Gradiant Corporation

Inventor： Prakash Narayan Govindan ,  Maximus G. St. John ,  Steven Lam ,  Mark Zaloudek ,  Karim M. Chehayeb ,  Samar Shah

IPC: B01D1/30 ,  C02F1/10 ,  C02F5/02 ,  C02F1/66 ,  B01D3/16 ,  B01D17/02 ,  C02F1/52 ,  C02F103/08 ,  C02F101/32 ,  C02F101/10 ,  C02F101/12 ,  C02F1/00 ,  C02F103/10

CPC classification number: C02F1/10 ,  B01D3/16 ,  B01D3/346 ,  B01D17/02 ,  B01D17/0205 ,  C02F1/08 ,  C02F1/52 ,  C02F1/5236 ,  C02F1/5245 ,  C02F1/66 ,  C02F5/02 ,  C02F2001/007 ,  C02F2001/5218 ,  C02F2101/101 ,  C02F2101/12 ,  C02F2101/32 ,  C02F2101/322 ,  C02F2101/325 ,  C02F2103/08 ,  C02F2103/10 ,  C02F2301/046 ,  Y02A20/128 ,  Y02P70/34

Abstract: Systems and methods related to desalination systems are described herein. According to some embodiments, the desalination systems are transiently operated and/or configured to facilitate transient operation. In some embodiments, a liquid stream comprising water and at least one dissolved salt is circulated through a fluidic circuit comprising a desalination system. In some embodiments, a portion of the desalination system (e.g., a humidifier) is configured to remove at least a portion of the water from the liquid stream to produce a concentrated brine stream enriched in the dissolved salt. In certain cases, the concentrated brine stream is recirculated through the fluidic circuit until the concentrated brine stream reaches a relatively high density (e.g., at least about 10 pounds per gallon) and/or a relatively high salinity (e.g., a total dissolved salt concentration of at least about 25 wt %). In certain embodiments, additional salt is added to the concentrated brine stream to produce an ultra-high-density brine stream (e.g., a brine stream having a density of at least about 11.7 pounds per gallon). Some aspects relate to a system that is configured to promote energy efficiency by recovering heat from the recirculated concentrated brine stream upon discharge from the fluidic circuit.

公开(公告)号：US20170203977A1

公开(公告)日：2017-07-20

申请号：US15464390

申请日：2017-03-21

Applicant: Gradiant Corporation

Inventor： Prakash Narayan Govindan ,  Maximus G. St. John ,  Steven Lam ,  Mark Zaloudek ,  Karim M. Chehayeb ,  Samar Shah

IPC: C02F1/10 ,  C02F1/52 ,  B01D3/16 ,  B01D17/02 ,  C02F5/02 ,  C02F1/66

CPC classification number: C02F1/10 ,  B01D3/16 ,  B01D3/346 ,  B01D17/02 ,  B01D17/0205 ,  C02F1/08 ,  C02F1/52 ,  C02F1/5236 ,  C02F1/5245 ,  C02F1/66 ,  C02F5/02 ,  C02F2001/007 ,  C02F2001/5218 ,  C02F2101/101 ,  C02F2101/12 ,  C02F2101/32 ,  C02F2101/322 ,  C02F2101/325 ,  C02F2103/08 ,  C02F2103/10 ,  C02F2301/046 ,  Y02A20/128 ,  Y02P70/34

Abstract: Systems and methods related to desalination systems are described herein. According to some embodiments, the desalination systems are transiently operated and/or configured to facilitate transient operation. In some embodiments, a liquid stream comprising water and at least one dissolved salt is circulated through a fluidic circuit comprising a desalination system. In some embodiments, a portion of the desalination system (e.g., a humidifier) is configured to remove at least a portion of the water from the liquid stream to produce a concentrated brine stream enriched in the dissolved salt. In certain cases, the concentrated brine stream is recirculated through the fluidic circuit until the concentrated brine stream reaches a relatively high density (e.g., at least about 10 pounds per gallon) and/or a relatively high salinity (e.g., a total dissolved salt concentration of at least about 25 wt %). In certain embodiments, additional salt is added to the concentrated brine stream to produce an ultra-high-density brine stream (e.g., a brine stream having a density of at least about 11.7 pounds per gallon). Some aspects relate to a system that is configured to promote energy efficiency by recovering heat from the recirculated concentrated brine stream upon discharge from the fluidic circuit.