公开(公告)号：US12023608B2

公开(公告)日：2024-07-02

申请号：US17516078

申请日：2021-11-01

Applicant: Gradiant Corporation

Inventor： Steven Lam ,  Maximus G. St. John ,  Prakash Narayan Govindan

IPC: B01D3/16 ,  B01D3/34 ,  C02F1/52 ,  C02F7/00 ,  C02F103/08 ,  C02F103/10

CPC classification number: B01D3/16 ,  B01D3/346 ,  C02F1/52 ,  C02F7/00 ,  B01D2221/04 ,  C02F2103/08 ,  C02F2103/10 ,  C02F2209/03

Abstract: The present disclosure is related to hybrid desalination systems and associated methods. The hybrid desalination system can comprise a first desalination unit comprising a reverse osmosis unit and a second desalination unit fluidically connected to the first desalination unit, wherein the second desalination unit comprises a humidification-dehumidification desalination apparatus. The present disclosure is also related to systems and methods for the formation of solid salts using a humidifier. According to certain embodiments, the flow velocity of a gas in the humidifier can be relatively high during the formation of the solid salt. In some embodiments, the humidifier comprises a multi-stage bubble column humidifier.

公开(公告)号：US20210179452A1

公开(公告)日：2021-06-17

申请号：US17270142

申请日：2019-08-22

Applicant: Gradiant Corporation

Inventor： Richard Stover ,  Looh Tchuin Choong ,  Maximus G. St. John ,  Prakash Narayan Govindan

IPC: C02F1/44 ,  B01D61/02

Abstract: Liquid solution concentration systems, and related methods, are generally described. In some embodiments, the system is an osmotic system comprising a plurality of osmotic modules. For example, the osmotic system can comprise a feed osmotic module configured to produce an osmotic module retentate outlet stream having a higher concentration of solute than the retentate inlet stream transported to the feed osmotic module. The osmotic system can also comprise an isolation osmotic module fluidically connected to the feed osmotic module. The osmotic system can also optionally comprise a purification osmotic module fluidically connected to the feed osmotic module and/or the isolation osmotic module. Certain embodiments are related to altering the degree to which the feed osmotic module retentate outlet stream is recycled back to the retentate-side inlet of the feed osmotic module during operation. Additional embodiments are related to the manner in which the retentate-side effluent from the isolation osmotic module is distributed among the system modules during operation.

公开(公告)号：US10322357B2

公开(公告)日：2019-06-18

申请号：US15161186

申请日：2016-05-20

Applicant: Gradiant Corporation

Inventor： Prakash Narayan Govindan ,  Maximus G. St. John ,  Steven Lam

IPC: B01D1/14 ,  B01D5/00 ,  C02F1/10 ,  C02F1/04 ,  C02F103/08 ,  C02F1/40 ,  C02F1/52 ,  C02F1/66 ,  C02F101/32

Abstract: Embodiments described herein generally relate to humidification-dehumidification desalination systems, including apparatuses that include a vessel comprising a humidification region (e.g., a bubble column humidification region) and a dehumidification region (e.g., a bubble column dehumidification region), mobile humidification-dehumidification (HDH) desalination systems (e.g., systems having a relatively low height and/or a relatively small footprint), and associated systems and methods. Certain embodiments generally relate to methods of operating, controlling, and/or cleaning desalination systems comprising a plurality of desalination units (e.g., HDH desalination units).

公开(公告)号：US10308537B2

公开(公告)日：2019-06-04

申请号：US14494101

申请日：2014-09-23

Applicant: Gradiant Corporation

Inventor： Prakash Narayan Govindan ,  Steven Lam ,  Maximus G. St. John ,  Mark Zaloudek ,  Anurag Bajpayee

IPC: C02F9/00 ,  B01D1/30 ,  C02F1/42 ,  C02F1/46 ,  C02F1/52 ,  C02F5/02 ,  C02F1/04 ,  C02F1/463 ,  C02F103/08

Abstract: Systems and methods related to the desalination of aqueous solutions containing one or more dissolved salts are generally described.

公开(公告)号：US20190084842A1

公开(公告)日：2019-03-21

申请号：US16078704

申请日：2017-02-22

Applicant: Gradiant Corporation

Inventor： Maximus G. St. John ,  Steven Lam ,  Prakash Narayan Govindan

IPC: C02F1/10 ,  B01D3/34 ,  B01D3/14 ,  B01D1/14 ,  B01D5/00

CPC classification number: C02F1/10 ,  B01D1/14 ,  B01D1/28 ,  B01D3/007 ,  B01D3/143 ,  B01D3/146 ,  B01D3/346 ,  B01D5/0027 ,  B01D5/0036 ,  B01D5/0039 ,  B01D5/006 ,  C02F1/04 ,  C02F1/041 ,  C02F2103/06 ,  C02F2103/08 ,  C02F2103/10 ,  C02F2103/18 ,  C02F2103/28 ,  C02F2103/30 ,  C02F2301/046 ,  Y02A20/128

Abstract: Systems and methods related to desalination systems are described herein. According to some embodiments, the desalination systems are hybrid systems comprising one or more first desalination units and one or more second desalination units. In some embodiments, the one or more second desalination units, which may form a fluidic circuit that is located downstream from the one or more first desalination units, may be configured to desalinate higher salinity liquid streams than the one or more first desalination units. In certain embodiments, the one or more first desalination units are operated under steady-state conditions and/or configured to operate under steady-state conditions. In certain embodiments, the one or more second desalination units are transiently operated and/or configured to facilitate transient operation. In some embodiments, a liquid stream comprising water and at least one dissolved salt is flowed through the one or more first desalination units, which are configured to remove at least a portion of the water from the liquid stream to form a first concentrated brine stream enriched in the dissolved salt. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the first concentrated brine stream is fed to a fluidic circuit comprising the one or more second desalination units. In some embodiments, the one or more second desalination units are configured to remove at least a portion of the water from the first concentrated brine stream to produce a second concentrated brine stream further enriched in the dissolved salt. In certain cases, the second concentrated brine stream is recirculated through at least a portion of the fluidic circuit until the second concentrated brine stream reaches a relatively high density (e.g., at least about 10 pounds per gallon) and/or a relatively high salinity (e.g., a total dissolved salt concentration of at least about 25 wt %).

公开(公告)号：US10167218B2

公开(公告)日：2019-01-01

申请号：US15041977

申请日：2016-02-11

Applicant: Gradiant Corporation

Inventor： Maximus G. St. John ,  Steven Lam ,  Prakash Narayan Govindan

IPC: C02F9/00 ,  C02F1/66 ,  C02F1/42 ,  B01D21/00 ,  C02F1/52 ,  C02F101/12 ,  C02F103/10 ,  C02F1/04 ,  C02F1/10 ,  C02F1/20 ,  C02F1/24 ,  C02F1/28 ,  C02F1/463 ,  C02F1/56 ,  C02F5/02 ,  C02F101/32 ,  C02F103/06 ,  C02F103/18 ,  C02F103/24 ,  C02F103/28 ,  C02F103/36

Abstract: Water treatment systems and associated methods are generally described. Certain embodiments of the water treatment systems and methods described herein may be used to treat water comprising one or more contaminants (e.g., oil, grease, suspended solids, scale-forming ions, volatile organic material) to remove at least a portion of the one or more contaminants. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the treated water may be used directly in certain applications (e.g., oil and/or gas extraction processes). In some embodiments, at least a portion of the treated water may undergo desalination to produce substantially pure water and/or concentrated brine.

公开(公告)号：US20180236372A1

公开(公告)日：2018-08-23

申请号：US15752631

申请日：2016-08-12

Applicant: Gradiant Corporation

Inventor： Prakash Narayan Govindan ,  Maximus G. St. John

IPC: B01D3/14 ,  B01D61/02 ,  B01D61/08 ,  B01D61/04 ,  B01D61/46 ,  B01D3/34 ,  B01D3/16 ,  B01D5/00 ,  B01D1/00 ,  C02F1/04 ,  C02F9/00 ,  B01D17/02 ,  C02F1/44 ,  C02F1/469 ,  C02F1/16

CPC classification number: B01D3/145 ,  B01D1/00 ,  B01D1/0058 ,  B01D1/16 ,  B01D3/16 ,  B01D3/346 ,  B01D5/00 ,  B01D5/003 ,  B01D5/006 ,  B01D17/02 ,  B01D61/027 ,  B01D61/04 ,  B01D61/08 ,  B01D61/46 ,  B01D2311/04 ,  B01D2311/06 ,  B01D2311/2673 ,  C02F1/048 ,  C02F1/16 ,  C02F1/40 ,  C02F1/442 ,  C02F1/4693 ,  C02F1/4695 ,  C02F9/00 ,  C02F2103/08 ,  C02F2103/10 ,  Y02A20/128 ,  Y02A20/131 ,  Y02A20/134

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and methods in which an aqueous stream comprising solubilized monovalent ions and solubilized multivalent ions is processed such that multivalent ions are selectively retained and monovalent ions are selectively removed. According to certain embodiments, an aqueous feed stream is transported through an ion-selective separator to produce a multivalent-ion-enriched stream and a monovalent-ion-enriched stream. The monovalent-ion-enriched stream may be transported through a desalination apparatus to produce a substantially pure water stream and a concentrated aqueous stream. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the multivalent-ion-enriched stream produced by the ion-selective separator is combined with at least a portion of the substantially pure water stream produced by the desalination apparatus to produce a combined product stream containing a relatively large percentage of the solubilized multivalent ions from the aqueous feed stream and a relatively small percentage of the solubilized monovalent ions from the aqueous feed stream.

公开(公告)号：US20160375375A1

公开(公告)日：2016-12-29

申请号：US15161186

申请日：2016-05-20

Applicant: Gradiant Corporation

Inventor： Prakash Narayan Govindan ,  Maximus G. St. John ,  Steven Lam

IPC: B01D5/00 ,  C02F1/10 ,  B01D1/14

CPC classification number: B01D5/006 ,  B01D1/14 ,  B01D5/003 ,  C02F1/04 ,  C02F1/10 ,  C02F1/40 ,  C02F1/52 ,  C02F1/66 ,  C02F2101/322 ,  C02F2103/08 ,  C02F2201/008 ,  Y02A20/128 ,  Y02W10/37

Abstract: Embodiments described herein generally relate to humidification-dehumidification desalination systems, including apparatuses that include a vessel comprising a humidification region (e.g., a bubble column humidification region) and a dehumidification region (e.g., a bubble column dehumidification region), mobile humidification-dehumidification (HDH) desalination systems (e.g., systems having a relatively low height and/or a relatively small footprint), and associated systems and methods. Certain embodiments generally relate to methods of operating, controlling, and/or cleaning desalination systems comprising a plurality of desalination units (e.g., HDH desalination units).

Abstract translation: 本文所述的实施方案通常涉及加湿 - 除湿脱盐系统，包括包括包含加湿区域（例如，气泡塔加湿区域）和除湿区域（例如，气泡塔除湿区域）的容器，移动式加湿除湿装置 HDH）脱盐系统（例如，具有相对较低高度和/或相对较小占地面积的系统）以及相关联的系统和方法。 某些实施方案通常涉及操作，控制和/或清洁包括多个脱盐单元（例如，HDH脱盐单元）的脱盐系统的方法。

公开(公告)号：US20160340208A1

公开(公告)日：2016-11-24

申请号：US14992244

申请日：2016-01-11

Applicant: Gradiant Corporation

Inventor： Prakash Narayan Govindan ,  Maximus G. St. John ,  Steven Lam ,  Mark Zaloudek ,  Karim M. Chehayeb ,  Samar Shah

IPC: C02F1/10 ,  C02F1/52 ,  B01D3/16 ,  B01D3/34 ,  C02F5/02

CPC classification number: C02F1/10 ,  B01D3/16 ,  B01D3/346 ,  B01D17/02 ,  B01D17/0205 ,  C02F1/08 ,  C02F1/52 ,  C02F1/5236 ,  C02F1/5245 ,  C02F1/66 ,  C02F5/02 ,  C02F2001/007 ,  C02F2001/5218 ,  C02F2101/101 ,  C02F2101/12 ,  C02F2101/32 ,  C02F2101/322 ,  C02F2101/325 ,  C02F2103/08 ,  C02F2103/10 ,  C02F2301/046 ,  Y02A20/128 ,  Y02P70/34

Abstract: Systems and methods related to desalination systems are described herein. According to some embodiments, the desalination systems are transiently operated and/or configured to facilitate transient operation. In some embodiments, a liquid stream comprising water and at least one dissolved salt is circulated through a fluidic circuit comprising a desalination system. In some embodiments, a portion of the desalination system (e.g., a humidifier) is configured to remove at least a portion of the water from the liquid stream to produce a concentrated brine stream enriched in the dissolved salt. In certain cases, the concentrated brine stream is recirculated through the fluidic circuit until the concentrated brine stream reaches a relatively high density (e.g., at least about 10 pounds per gallon) and/or a relatively high salinity (e.g., a total dissolved salt concentration of at least about 25 wt %). In certain embodiments, additional salt is added to the concentrated brine stream to produce an ultra-high-density brine stream (e.g., a brine stream having a density of at least about 11.7 pounds per gallon). Some aspects relate to a system that is configured to promote energy efficiency by recovering heat from the recirculated concentrated brine stream upon discharge from the fluidic circuit.

Abstract translation: 在此描述与脱盐系统有关的系统和方法。 根据一些实施方案，脱盐系统被瞬时操作和/或构造以便于瞬时操作。 在一些实施方案中，包含水和至少一种溶解的盐的液体流循环通过包括脱盐系统的流体回路。 在一些实施方案中，脱盐系统的一部分（例如，加湿器）构造成从液体流中除去至少一部分水以产生富含溶解盐的浓缩盐水。 在某些情况下，浓缩的盐水流通过流体循环再循环，直到浓缩的盐水流达到相对较高的密度（例如，至少约10磅/加仑）和/或相对较高的盐度（例如，总溶解盐浓度 至少约25重量％）。 在某些实施方案中，将另外的盐加入到浓缩的盐水流中以产生超高密度盐水流（例如，具有至少约11.7磅/加仑密度的盐水流）。 一些方面涉及一种系统，其被配置为通过在从流体回路排出时从再循环浓缩盐水流中回收热量来提高能量效率。

公开(公告)号：US20150166362A1

公开(公告)日：2015-06-18

申请号：US14574968

申请日：2014-12-18

Applicant: Gradiant Corporation

Inventor： Prakash Narayan Govindan ,  Maximus G. St. John ,  Karim M. Chehayeb ,  Steven Lam

IPC: C02F1/04 ,  B01D3/42 ,  F28F25/00 ,  B01F3/04

CPC classification number: C02F1/008 ,  B01D3/16 ,  B01D3/4211 ,  B01F3/04078 ,  C02F1/043 ,  C02F1/10 ,  C02F1/26 ,  C02F1/265 ,  C02F2103/08 ,  C02F2103/10 ,  C02F2209/02 ,  C02F2209/03 ,  C02F2209/38 ,  C02F2209/40 ,  C02F2303/04 ,  F28B1/02 ,  F28B5/00 ,  F28C1/02 ,  F28D21/0015 ,  F28D2021/0064 ,  F28F27/00 ,  F28F2200/00 ,  F28F2250/104

Abstract: A counter-flow simultaneous heat and mass exchange device is operated by directing flows of two fluids into a heat and mass exchange device at initial mass flow rates where ideal changes in total enthalpy rates of the two fluids are unequal. At least one of the following state variables in the fluids is measured: temperature, pressure and concentration, which together define the thermodynamic state of the two fluid streams at the points of entry to and exit from the device. The flow rates of the fluids at the points of entry and/or exit to/from the device are measured; and the mass flow rate of at least one of the two fluids is changed such that the ideal change in total enthalpy rates of the two fluids through the device are brought closer to being equal.

Abstract translation: 逆流同时热和质量交换装置通过将两种流体的流动引导到热和质量交换装置来操作，其中初始质量流速是两种流体的总焓速的理想变化是不相等的。 在流体中测量以下状态变量中的至少一个：温度，压力和浓度，它们共同限定了在进入和离开设备的点处的两个流体流的热力学状态。 测量入口点和/或离开设备的流体的流速; 并且改变两种流体中的至少一种的质量流率，使得通过装置的两种流体的总焓速的理想变化被更接近于相等。