公开(公告)号：US20060009363A1

公开(公告)日：2006-01-12

申请号：US11221102

申请日：2005-09-07

Applicant: James Crews

Inventor： James Crews

IPC: C09K8/00 ,  C09K8/04

CPC classification number: C09K8/685 ,  C09K2208/22 ,  C09K2208/26

Abstract: It has been discovered that fracturing fluid compositions can be designed for successful deep water completion fracturing fluid operations. These fluids must be pumped relatively long distances from offshore platforms to the reservoir, and they are often subjected to a wide temperature range. Under these conditions, it is necessary to inhibit the formation of gas hydrates in the fracturing fluid compositions, as well as to delay the crosslinking of the gels that are formed to increase the viscosity of the fluids prior to fracturing the formation. Preferably, two different gas hydrate inhibitors are used to ensure placement of a gas hydrate inhibitor in most parts of the operation. In addition, as with all offshore or deep water hydrocarbon recovery operations, it is important that the components of the fracturing fluid compositions be environmentally benign and biodegradable.

Abstract translation: 已经发现，压裂液组合物可以被设计用于成功的深水完井压裂液操作。 这些流体必须从海上平台泵送到储存器相对较长的距离，并且它们通常经受较宽的温度范围。 在这些条件下，有必要抑制压裂液组合物中天然气水合物的形成，并且延迟形成的凝胶的交联，以在压裂地层之前增加流体的粘度。 优选地，使用两种不同的气体水合物抑制剂来确保在操作的大部分部分放置气体水合物抑制剂。 此外，与所有近海或深水烃回收操作一样，重要的是压裂液组合物的组分是环境友好和可生物降解的。

公开(公告)号：US20050252658A1

公开(公告)日：2005-11-17

申请号：US11125465

申请日：2005-05-10

Applicant: John Willingham ,  Allen Gabrysch ,  Patrick Kelly ,  James Crews ,  James Treadway

Inventor： John Willingham ,  Allen Gabrysch ,  Patrick Kelly ,  James Crews ,  James Treadway

IPC: C09K8/06 ,  C09K8/68 ,  C09K8/74 ,  C09K8/86 ,  E21B43/27

CPC classification number: C09K8/602 ,  C09K8/68 ,  C09K8/74 ,  C09K2208/30

Abstract: An aqueous, viscoelastic fluid gelled with a viscoelastic surfactant (VES) is stabilized and improved with an effective amount of an alkali earth metal oxide and/or alkali earth metal hydroxide. These fluids are more stable and have reduced or no tendency to precipitate, particularly at elevated temperatures. The additives may also increase viscosity to the point where less VES is required to maintain a given viscosity. These stabilized, enhanced, aqueous viscoelastic fluids may be used as treatment fluids for subterranean hydrocarbon formations, such as in hydraulic fracturing.

Abstract translation: 用粘弹性表面活性剂（VES）凝胶化的水性粘弹性体，用有效量的碱土金属氧化物和/或碱土金属氢氧化物稳定化和改善。 这些流体更稳定并且具有减少或没有沉淀的倾向，特别是在升高的温度下。 添加剂还可以将粘度增加到维持给定粘度所需的较少VES的程度。 这些稳定的，增强的水性粘弹性流体可以用作地下烃地层的处理流体，例如在水力压裂中。

公开(公告)号：US20080108526A1

公开(公告)日：2008-05-08

申请号：US11931832

申请日：2007-10-31

Applicant: James Crews

Inventor： James Crews

IPC: C09K8/86

CPC classification number: C09K8/506 ,  C09K8/518 ,  C09K8/52 ,  C09K8/602 ,  C09K8/68 ,  C09K8/70 ,  C09K8/86 ,  C09K8/94 ,  C09K2208/26 ,  C09K2208/30 ,  Y10S516/90

Abstract: Fluids viscosified with viscoelastic surfactants (VESs) may have their viscosities affected (increased or reduced) by the indirect or direct action of a composition that contains at least one fatty acid that has been affected, modified or reacted with an alkali metal halide salt, an alkaline earth metal halide salt, and/or an ammonium salt and a water soluble base. The composition containing the resulting saponification product is believed to either act as a co-surfactant with the VES itself to increase viscosity and/or possibly by disaggregating or otherwise affecting the micellar structure of the VES-gelled fluid. In a non-limiting instance, a brine fluid gelled with an amine oxide surfactant has its viscosity broken with a composition containing naturally-occurring fatty acids in canola oil reacted with a water soluble base such as NaOH, KOH, NH4OH, and the like with an alkali halide salt such as CaCl2, MgCl2, NaCl, NH4Cl and the like.

Abstract translation: 用粘弹性表面活性剂（VES）粘稠的流体可能通过含有至少一种已经与碱金属卤化物盐影响，改性或反应的脂肪酸的组合物的间接或直接作用而影响（增加或减少）粘度， 碱土金属卤化物盐和/或铵盐和水溶性碱。 据信含有所得皂化产物的组合物可以作为与VES本身的助表面活性剂以增加粘度和/或可能通过解聚或以其它方式影响VES凝胶化流体的胶束结构。 在非限制性的情况下，用氧化胺表面活性剂凝胶化的盐水溶液的粘度由含有天然存在的脂肪酸的组合物破坏，其中卡诺拉油与水溶性碱例如NaOH，KOH，NH 4， OH等与碱金属卤化物盐如CaCl 2，MgCl 2，NaCl，NH 4 Cl等进行反应， 。

公开(公告)号：US20070072776A1

公开(公告)日：2007-03-29

申请号：US11604588

申请日：2006-11-27

Applicant: James Crews

Inventor： James Crews

IPC: C09K8/68

CPC classification number: C09K8/685 ,  C09K8/68 ,  C09K2208/26 ,  Y10S507/903 ,  Y10S507/921 ,  Y10S507/922

Abstract: It has been discovered that fracturing fluid breaker mechanisms are improved by the inclusion of a polyol alone that directly degrades the polysaccharide backbone, and optionally additionally by removing the crosslinking ion, if present. That is, viscosity reduction (breaking) occurs by breaking down the chemical bonds within the backbone directly, rather than by merely removing the crosslinking ion, if presert. The gel does not have to be crosslinked for the method of the invention to be successful, although it may be crosslinked. In one non-limiting embodiment, the polyol has at least two hydroxyl groups on adjacent carbon atoms. In another embodiment, the polyols are monosaccharides such as glycerols and sugar alcohols, and may include mannitol, sorbitol, glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose, lactose, maltose, allose, etc. and mixtures thereof.

Abstract translation: 已经发现，通过单独包含直接降解多糖骨架的多元醇，以及任选地另外通过除去交联离子（如果存在的话）来改进压裂液破碎机构。 也就是说，粘度降低（断裂）是通过直接分解骨架内的化学键而不是仅通过去除交联离子而发生的。 凝胶不必交联，因为本发明的方法是成功的，尽管它可以是交联的。 在一个非限制性实施方案中，多元醇在相邻碳原子上具有至少两个羟基。 在另一个实施方案中，多元醇是单糖如甘油和糖醇，并且可以包括甘露醇，山梨糖醇，葡萄糖，果糖，半乳糖，甘露糖，乳糖，麦芽糖，阿洛糖等，以及它们的混合物。

公开(公告)号：US20060211776A1

公开(公告)日：2006-09-21

申请号：US11373044

申请日：2006-03-10

Applicant: James Crews

Inventor： James Crews

IPC: C09K3/00

CPC classification number: C09K8/68 ,  C09K8/602 ,  C09K2208/26 ,  C09K2208/30

Abstract: Fluids viscosified with viscoelastic surfactants (VESs) may have their viscosities reduced (gels broken) by the direct or indirect action of a composition that contains at least one unsaturated fatty acid, such as a monoenoic acid and/or polyenoic acid. The unsaturated fatty acid may be contained in an oil-soluble internal phase of the fluid. The breaking composition is believed to act possibly by rearranging, disaggregating or otherwise attacking the micellar structure of the VES-gelled fluid. In a specific, non-limiting instance, a brine fluid gelled with an amine oxide surfactant can have its viscosity broken with an oil such as flax (linseed) oil, soybean oil and/or fish oils containing relatively high amounts of unsaturated fatty acids. The unsaturated fatty acids are thought to auto-oxidize into products such as aldehydes, ketones and saturated fatty acids that break the VES gel.

Abstract translation: 用粘弹性表面活性剂（VES）粘稠的流体可以通过含有至少一种不饱和脂肪酸如单烯酸和/或多烯酸的组合物的直接或间接作用使其粘度降低（凝胶破裂）。 不饱和脂肪酸可以包含在流体的油溶性内相中。 认为断裂组合物可能通过重新排列，分解或以其他方式攻击VES凝胶化流体的胶束结构。 在具体的非限制性实例中，用氧化胺表面活性剂凝胶化的盐水溶液可以使其粘度用油例如亚麻籽油（亚麻籽油），大豆油和/或含有相对高量不饱和脂肪酸的鱼油破碎。 认为不饱和脂肪酸可自动氧化成产物，如破坏VES凝胶的醛，酮和饱和脂肪酸。

公开(公告)号：US20060041028A1

公开(公告)日：2006-02-23

申请号：US11145630

申请日：2005-06-06

Applicant: James Crews

Inventor： James Crews

IPC: B01D17/04 ,  B01D17/05

CPC classification number: B01D17/047 ,  C09K8/52 ,  C09K8/68 ,  C09K2208/26 ,  C09K2208/30 ,  F17D1/17 ,  Y10S507/921

Abstract: Fluids viscosified with viscoelastic surfactants (VESs) may have their viscosities reduced (gels broken) by the direct or indirect action of a composition that contains at least one metal ion source and optionally at least one second source. An optional second source may be a chelating agent where at least one reducing agent source may be additionally optionally used. Another optional component with the metal ion source includes a second, different metal ion source. The breaking composition is believed to directly attack the VES itself, possibly by disaggregating or otherwise attacking the micellar structure of the VES-gelled fluid, and/or possibly by changing the chemical structure of the VES to give two or more products.

公开(公告)号：US09637680B2

公开(公告)日：2017-05-02

申请号：US13736519

申请日：2013-01-08

Applicant: James Crews ,  Othon R. Monteiro

Inventor： James Crews ,  Othon R. Monteiro

IPC: E21B43/22 ,  E21B43/02 ,  E21B33/138 ,  C09K8/57 ,  E21B43/16 ,  C09K8/504

CPC classification number: C09K8/572 ,  C09K8/5045 ,  E21B33/138 ,  E21B43/025 ,  E21B43/16

Abstract: A method of reducing the presence of particles in a downhole environment, comprising contacting sediment particles contained in a downhole environment, with a composition comprising: a metallic composition, an inorganic oxide-based polymer, and a solvent; the contacting occurring in the presence of a fluid capable of decomposing the metallic composition.

公开(公告)号：US20130175037A1

公开(公告)日：2013-07-11

申请号：US13736519

申请日：2013-01-08

Applicant: James Crews ,  Othon R. Monteiro

Inventor： James Crews ,  Othon R. Monteiro

IPC: C09K8/57 ,  E21B43/16

CPC classification number: C09K8/572 ,  C09K8/5045 ,  E21B33/138 ,  E21B43/025 ,  E21B43/16

Abstract: A method of reducing the presence of particles in a downhole environment, comprising contacting sediment particles contained in a downhole environment, with a composition comprising: a metallic composition, an inorganic oxide-based polymer, and a solvent; the contacting occurring in the presence of a fluid capable of decomposing the metallic composition

Abstract translation: 一种在井下环境中减少颗粒存在的方法，包括将包含在井下环境中的沉淀物颗粒与包含金属组合物，无机氧化物基聚合物和溶剂的组合物接触; 在存在能够分解金属组合物的流体的情况下发生接触

公开(公告)号：US20080087432A1

公开(公告)日：2008-04-17

申请号：US11828784

申请日：2007-07-26

Applicant: William Wood ,  James Crews

Inventor： William Wood ,  James Crews

IPC: C09K8/60

CPC classification number: C09K8/68 ,  C09K8/602 ,  C09K8/882 ,  C09K8/90 ,  C09K2208/30

Abstract: Adding relatively low molecular weight water-soluble friction loss reduction polymers to an aqueous fluid gelled with a viscoelastic surfactant (VES) increases the critical generalized Reynold's number at which the Fanning friction factor increases and friction pressure starts to increase rapidly. The water-soluble polymeric friction loss reduction additives lower surface pumping pressure in VES-gelled fracturing fluids for a given pump rate, thus lowering hydraulic horsepower (HHP) requirements for pumping fluids downhole, e.g. for hydraulic fracturing or frac packing treatments of subterranean formations.

Abstract translation: 将相对低分子量的水溶性摩擦损耗降低聚合物加入到用粘弹性表面活性剂（VES）凝胶化的水性流体中增加了Fanning摩擦系数增加并且摩擦压力开始快速增加的临界广义雷诺数。 水溶性聚合物摩擦损失降低添加剂在给定的泵送速率下在VES凝胶化压裂液中降低表面泵送压力，从而降低了用于泵送井下液体的液压马力（HHP）要求。 用于地下地层的水力压裂或压裂填料处理。

公开(公告)号：US20070056737A1

公开(公告)日：2007-03-15

申请号：US11517688

申请日：2006-09-08

Applicant: James Crews ,  John Willingham

Inventor： James Crews ,  John Willingham

IPC: E21B43/26 ,  E21B43/22

CPC classification number: C09K8/68 ,  C09K2208/26 ,  C09K2208/30

Abstract: Fluids viscosified with viscoelastic surfactants (VESs) may have their viscosities reduced (gels broken) by the direct or indirect action of a breaker composition that contains at least one mineral oil, at least one polyalphaolefin oil, and/or at least one saturated fatty acid. The breaker may initially be dispersed oil droplets in an internal, discontinuous phase of the fluid. In one non-limiting embodiment, the breaker, e.g. mineral oil is added to the fluid after it has been substantially gelled. The breaking composition is believed to act possibly by rearranging, disaggregating or otherwise attacking the micellar structure of the VES-gelled fluid in a non-spontaneous, rate controlled manner at elevated fluid temperatures. In a specific, non-limiting instance, a brine fluid gelled with an amine oxide surfactant can have its viscosity broken with a light, low viscosity paraffinic mineral oil.

Abstract translation: 用粘弹性表面活性剂（VES）粘稠的流体可以通过包含至少一种矿物油，至少一种聚α-烯烃油和/或至少一种饱和脂肪酸的破碎剂组合物的直接或间接作用使其粘度降低（凝胶破裂） 。 断路器可以最初分散在液体的内部不连续相中。 在一个非限制性实施例中，断路器，例如， 矿物油在其基本凝胶化之后加入到流体中。 认为断裂组合物可能通过在升高的液体温度下以非自发的速率控制的方式重新排列，解聚或以其他方式攻击VES凝胶化流体的胶束结构。 在具体的非限制性实例中，用氧化胺表面活性剂凝胶化的盐水溶液可以使其粘度用轻质，低粘度的石蜡矿物油破碎。