公开(公告)号：US20100326521A1

公开(公告)日：2010-12-30

申请号：US11934772

申请日：2007-11-03

Applicant: Mario Rabinowitz

Inventor： Mario Rabinowitz

IPC: H01L31/04 ,  G02B7/185

CPC classification number: G02B19/0019 ,  F24S23/70 ,  F24S30/48 ,  F24S50/20 ,  F24S2023/85 ,  F24S2030/11 ,  F24S2030/17 ,  G02B7/183 ,  G02B19/0042 ,  G02B19/0076 ,  G02B26/0841 ,  H01L31/0543 ,  H01L31/0547 ,  H02S20/10 ,  H02S20/30 ,  H02S40/22 ,  Y02E10/47 ,  Y02E10/52

Abstract: This invention deals with novel method and apparatus for positioning and motion control of the elements (mirrors) of a Fresnel reflector solar concentrator tracking heliostat array by induced and/or permanent dipole coupling to an electronic grid to produce angular deflection, and rotational motion. Thus forces and torques are produced without the use of internal moving parts. Control is achieved without recourse to magnetic fields, by means of high electric fields which may be attained at relatively low voltages. At low voltages, the instant invention exceeds the capability of conventional systems. It can perform dynamic motion control with independent amplitude and frequency modulation. It is ideally suited for maximization of solar energy focused by the array onto a receiver. Since there are no internal moving parts, the instant invention is the most adapted for fabrication from the mini- to the microtechnology realm. Furthermore it provides less costly and greater ease of manufacture from the mini- to the micro-realm.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及用于定位和运动控制菲涅尔反射器太阳能集中器的元件（反射镜）的新颖方法和装置，其通过感应和/或永久偶极耦合到电子栅格产生角度偏转和旋转运动来跟踪定日镜阵列。 因此，在不使用内部移动部件的情况下产生力和扭矩。 通过可在相对较低的电压下获得的高电场实现控制，而无需借助于磁场。 在低电压下，本发明超出常规系统的能力。 它可以执行独立的幅度和频率调制的动态运动控制。 它非常适合将由阵列聚焦的太阳能最大化到接收器上。 由于没有内部移动部件，因此本发明最适于从微型技术领域制造。 此外，从微型到微型领域，它提供的成本更低，制造更容易。

公开(公告)号：US07597826B1

公开(公告)日：2009-10-06

申请号：US11104317

申请日：2005-04-12

Applicant: Mario Rabinowitz ,  John Eugene Kuczaj

Inventor： Mario Rabinowitz ,  John Eugene Kuczaj

IPC: B29D11/00 ,  B29B11/02

CPC classification number: B29D11/00596 ,  B29C33/0022 ,  B29C43/00 ,  B29C43/021 ,  B29C43/085 ,  B29C43/28 ,  B29C43/46 ,  B29C47/0021 ,  B29C47/06 ,  B29C47/32 ,  B29C2043/3678 ,  B29C2043/465 ,  B29C2043/5053 ,  B29K2105/16 ,  B29K2995/003 ,  B29L2011/00 ,  B29L2011/0016 ,  B29L2011/0058 ,  B29L2031/54 ,  G02B5/136

Abstract: Method and apparatus are presented for mass production manufacturing of micro-mirrored balls for solar energy and related applications such as optical switches, etc. For these applications it is imperative to provide accurate specular reflection from the mirror. The mass production process utilizes laminate sheets containing reflective material, assembly rollers, and extrusion and die rollers. The micro-mirrored balls are in the size range of 4 microns (4×10−6 m) to 1 mm (10−3 m), and in one form are transparent in at least one hemisphere with a reflecting mid-plane mirror. In other forms the micro-balls vary in geometry from cylinders to oblate ellipsoids to disks. The term “elements” is used to encompass all these shapes, which have one thing in common—a flat specularly reflecting mirrored surface. These elements can track the light source, and aim and focus the reflected light.

Abstract translation: 提出了用于大量生产用于太阳能的微镜球和诸如光开关等相关应用的方法和装置。对于这些应用，必须从镜子提供准确的镜面反射。 批量生产过程使用包含反射材料，组装辊，挤出和压模辊的层压板。 微镜球的尺寸范围为4微米（4×10-6米）至1毫米（10-3米），并且在至少一个具有反射中平面镜的半球中以一种形式是透明的。 在其他形式中，微球的几何形状从圆柱体变化到椭圆形到圆盘。 术语“元素”用于包含所有这些形状，它们有一个共同点 - 平面镜面反射镜面。 这些元素可以跟踪光源，瞄准和聚焦反射光。

公开(公告)号：US07568479B2

公开(公告)日：2009-08-04

申请号：US11963686

申请日：2007-12-21

Applicant: Mario Rabinowitz

Inventor： Mario Rabinowitz

IPC: F24J2/38 ,  G02B5/08 ,  G02B7/182

CPC classification number: G02B5/08 ,  F24S23/80 ,  F24S30/48 ,  F24S2023/85 ,  Y02E10/47

Abstract: This invention deals with novel method and apparatus for positioning and motion control of the elements (mirrors) of a Fresnel reflector solar concentrator tracking heliostat array wherein the elements are suspended with the center of mass below the swivel point, or have an internal-swivel. This achieves an advantageous natural vertical stability. The torque to produce angular deflection, and rotational motion is provided separately by an electric wind force due to electrons, ions, and/or neutrals; or in combination with an induced and/or permanent dipole coupling to an electronic grid. Thus forces and torques are produced without the use of internal moving parts such as in motors. The instant invention exceeds the capability of conventional systems. It is ideally suited for maximization of solar energy focused by a low-profile concentrator array onto a receiver. Since there are no internal moving parts, the instant invention provides less costly and greater ease of manufacture. Dynamic motion can be controlled over a wide range of dimensions from nanometers to decimeters.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及用于定位和运动控制菲涅尔反射器太阳能聚光器跟踪定日镜阵列的元件（反射镜）的新颖方法和装置，其中元件以质心悬置在旋转点下方或具有内旋转。 这实现了有利的自然垂直稳定性。 产生角度偏转的转矩和旋转运动由于电子，离子和/或中性的电风力分开提供; 或者与诱导和/或永久偶极耦合到电子网格的组合。 因此，在不使用诸如电动机的内部移动部件的情况下产生力和扭矩。 本发明超出常规系统的能力。 它非常适合将由低调集中器阵列聚焦的太阳能最大化到接收器上。 由于没有内部移动部件，本发明提供了更低的成本和更大的制造容易性。 动态运动可以在从纳米到分米的宽范围内进行控制。

公开(公告)号：US20090038827A1

公开(公告)日：2009-02-12

申请号：US11837481

申请日：2007-08-10

Applicant: Mario Rabinowitz

Inventor： Mario Rabinowitz

IPC: H05K1/00

CPC classification number: H01L51/445 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  F24S23/00 ,  F24S2023/85 ,  H01L31/0547 ,  H01L51/444 ,  Y02E10/52 ,  Y02E10/549

Abstract: This invention provides a better means to achieve affordable solar energy, as well as other technologies. It does so by improving control grids (for addressing and alignment) in solar concentrators and optical equipment in general. Thus troublesome and expensive grid material like Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) can be replaced by more manageable, hardier, and in the long run relatively less expensive nanotubes; or a carbon grid simply laid down by ordinary photocopy (Xerographic) reduction techniques. The instant invention relates to improvements in the control (addressing and alignment) grid for Solar Energy Concentrators; and similar equipment such as Optical Switches [e.g. cf. M. Rabinowitz U.S. Pat. No. 6,976,445]; and Display devices such as Dynamic Reflection, Illumination, and Projection equipment [e.g. cf. M. Rabinowitz U.S. Pat. No. 7,130,102]; as well as display equipment in general. The control grid acts to address and align active optical elements such as mirrored balls, multipainted balls, electrophoretic, and magnetophoretic cells in solar concentrators [e.g. cf. M. Rabinowitz U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,133,183 and 6,843,573]; and in other equipment. Methods of fabricating the grids are also described.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供了一种更好的手段来实现负担得起的太阳能以及其他技术。 它通过改进太阳能集中器和光学设备中的控制网格（用于寻址和对准）来实现。 因此，诸如氧化铟锡（ITO）的麻烦和昂贵的栅格材料可以被更易于管理，更加硬的替代，并且从长远来看，相对较便宜的纳米管是可以替代的。 或通过普通的复印（静电复印）还原技术简单地放置的碳网格。 本发明涉及太阳能集中器的控制（寻址和对准）网格的改进; 和类似的设备，例如光开关[例如 参考 Rabinowitz美国专利 No. 6,976,445]; 和显示设备，例如动态反射，照明和投影设备[例如， 参考 Rabinowitz美国专利 No. 7,130,102]; 以及一般的显示设备。 控制网格用于解决和对准太阳能聚光器中的有源光学元件，例如镜像球，多层球，电泳和磁电泳细胞[例如， 参考 Rabinowitz美国专利 第7,133,183和6,843,573号]; 和其他设备。 还描述了制造网格的方法。

公开(公告)号：US07133183B2

公开(公告)日：2006-11-07

申请号：US10794236

申请日：2004-03-06

Applicant: Mario Rabinowitz

Inventor： Mario Rabinowitz

IPC: G02B26/00 ,  G02F1/29 ,  G09G3/34

CPC classification number: F24S23/77 ,  F24S2023/85 ,  F24S2023/872 ,  Y02E10/40

Abstract: Due to an ever growing shortage of conventional energy sources, there is an increasingly intense interest in harnessing solar energy. The instant invention can contribute to the goal of achieving environmentally clean solar energy to be competitive with conventional energy sources. Method and apparatus are presented for coupling to a transparent sheet with an embedded array of preformed or formable mirrored micro-balls for use in a solar energy concentrator, and functionally similar applications such as optical switches and solar rocket assist. Mirrored micro-balls and particulate formable mirrors in cells are covered with a thin spherical shell of lubricating liquid so that they are free to rotate in an almost frictionless encapsulation in the sheet. Induced polarization electric or magnetic dipoles in the mirrors provide a method of controlling the alignment of the mirrored balls. Electrophoretically and magnetophoretically forming mirrors in situ on a rigid surface in a rotatable cell are also disclosed. Confining the balls and cells in cavities within a single sheet, rather than loosely between two sheets, allows for greater alignment accuracy which is needed for higher concentrations with gains greater than 10×. Immersing balls and cells in a lubricating fluid permits nearly frictionless rotation which reduces the power requirement for rotation, and further enables greater alignment accuracy as the impediment of unnecessary friction need not be overcome.

Abstract translation: 由于常规能源不断增加，对太阳能利用的兴趣日益增加。 本发明可以有助于实现环境清洁太阳能与常规能源竞争的目标。 提出了用于耦合到透明片材的方法和装置，该透明片材具有用于太阳能集中器的预成型或可成形的镜面微球的嵌入阵列，以及功能上类似的应用，例如光学开关和太阳能火箭辅助。 细胞中的镜面微球和微粒可成形镜被薄的润滑液球形外壳覆盖，使得它们在板中几乎无摩擦的封装中自由旋转。 反射镜中的感应极化电或偶极子提供了一种控制镜像球对准的方法。 还公开了在可旋转电池中的刚性表面上原位地电泳和磁导电地形成反射镜。 将球和细胞限制在单个片材中的空腔中，而不是松散地限制在两片之间，允许更高的对准精度，这对于具有大于10x的增益的较高浓度是需要的。 将润滑液中的球和细胞浸入允许几乎无摩擦的旋转，这降低了旋转的功率需求，并且进一步实现了更大的对准精度，因为不需要克服不必要的摩擦的障碍。

公开(公告)号：US20050270627A1

公开(公告)日：2005-12-08

申请号：US10862708

申请日：2004-06-07

Applicant: Mario Rabinowitz

Inventor： Mario Rabinowitz

IPC: G02B5/08 ,  G02B6/26 ,  G02B26/00 ,  G02B26/02 ,  G09G3/34

CPC classification number: G02B26/026

Abstract: This invention deals with an improveed general concept for a multi-wavelength switching ensemble which is controlled electrically, electromagetically, or magnetically. A switching system is presented that permits the input to control the output. It allows a full 360 degree rotation of the beam which greatly exceeds the rotational capability of conventional systems. Furthermore, the instant invention permits less costly and greater ease of manufacture.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种改进的用于电气，电磁或磁控制的多波长切换组合的一般概念。 提供一种允许输入控制输出的开关系统。 它允许光束的完全360度旋转，其大大超过常规系统的旋转能力。 此外，本发明允许更低的成本和更容易的制造。

公开(公告)号：US20050185253A1

公开(公告)日：2005-08-25

申请号：US10786665

申请日：2004-02-25

Applicant: Mario Rabinowitz ,  David Overhauser

Inventor： Mario Rabinowitz ,  David Overhauser

IPC: F24J2/10 ,  F24J2/54 ,  G02B26/00

CPC classification number: G02B26/00 ,  F24S23/70 ,  F24S23/77 ,  F24S30/425 ,  F24S2023/85 ,  F24S2023/87 ,  F24S2023/872 ,  Y02E10/47

Abstract: Due to an ever growing shortage of conventional energy sources, there is an increasingly intense interest in harnessing solar energy. The instant invention can contribute to the goal of achieving environmentally clean solar energy to be competitive with conventional energy sources. A novel method is described for manufacturing a transparent sheet with an embedded array of mirrored spheroidal micro-balls for use in a solar energy concentrator, and analogous applications such as optical switches and solar rocket assist. The micro-balls are covered with a thin spherical shell of lubricating liquid so that they are free to rotate in an almost frictionless encapsulation in the sheet. Novel method and apparatus are presented for producing the preferred embodiment of a close-packed monolayer of the array of mirrored micro-balls.

Abstract translation: 由于常规能源不断增加，对太阳能利用的兴趣日益增加。 本发明可以有助于实现环境清洁太阳能与常规能源竞争的目标。 描述了用于制造具有用于太阳能集中器的镜像球墨微球的嵌入阵列的透明片的新颖方法，以及诸如光开关和太阳能火箭辅助的类似应用。 微球用润滑液体的薄球形壳体覆盖，使得它们在片材中几乎无摩擦的封装中自由旋转。 提出了用于制造镜面微球阵列的紧密单层的优选实施方案的新方法和装置。

公开(公告)号：US06612705B1

公开(公告)日：2003-09-02

申请号：US10079168

申请日：2002-02-19

Applicant: Mark Davidson ,  Mario Rabinowitz

Inventor： Mark Davidson ,  Mario Rabinowitz

IPC: G02B7182

CPC classification number: G02F1/19 ,  F24S23/77 ,  F24S23/79 ,  F24S23/80 ,  F24S23/81 ,  F24S23/82 ,  F24S30/425 ,  F24S2023/85 ,  F24S2023/872 ,  F24S2030/11 ,  G02B26/026 ,  G02F1/29 ,  Y02E10/47

Abstract: This invention deals with the broad general concept for focussing light. A mini-optics tracking and focussing system is presented for solar power conversion that ranges from an individual's portable system to solar conversion of electrical power that can be used in large scale power plants for environmentally clean energy. It can be rolled up, transported, and attached to existing man-made, or natural structures. It allows the solar energy conversion system to be low in capital cost and inexpensive to install as it can be attached to existing structures since it does not require the construction of a superstructure of its own. This novel system is uniquely distinct and different from other solar tracking and focussing processes allowing it to be more economical and practical. Furthermore, in its capacity as a power producer, it can be utilized with far greater safety, simplicity, economy, and efficiency in the conversion of solar energy.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及聚焦光的广泛的概念。 提出了一种用于太阳能转换的微型光学跟踪和聚焦系统，从个人的便携式系统到可用于环境清洁能源的大型发电厂的电力的太阳能转换。 它可以卷起，运输，并附着在现有的人造或天然结构上。 它允许太阳能转换系统的资本成本低廉，并且安装成本低廉，因为它可以附着到现有的结构上，因为它不需要构建自己的上部结构。 这种新颖的系统是独特的，不同于其他太阳跟踪和聚焦过程，使其更经济实用。 此外，作为电力生产企业，太阳能转换的安全性，简便性，经济性和效率都可以得到更大的利用。

公开(公告)号：US5687271A

公开(公告)日：1997-11-11

申请号：US213872

申请日：1994-03-15

Applicant: Mario Rabinowitz

Inventor： Mario Rabinowitz

IPC: G02B6/44

CPC classification number: G02B6/4419 ,  G02B6/4416 ,  G02B6/4422 ,  G02B6/4488

Abstract: Method and apparatus are presented for providing an electric field-free region for fiber optic cables in near proximity to high voltage power lines by means of a conducting electrical shield at the same voltage as the power line. An electric field-free region is still provided even if the electrical shield is omitted, by having the wires of the power line completely surround the fiber optic cable. An electric field-free region is also provided by embedding the optical fiber inside each wire of the power line. The electric field free region for a fiber optic cable prevents electrical treeing and other undesirable effects that would make the cable inoperable.

Abstract translation: 提供了用于通过与电力线相同的电压的导电电屏蔽为靠近高压电力线的光纤电缆提供无电场区域的方法和装置。 即使省略电气屏蔽，仍然通过使电力线的电线完全包围光纤电缆，仍然提供无电场区域。 还通过将光纤嵌入电力线的每根线内而提供无电场区域。 用于光纤电缆的无电场区域可防止电气树木和其他不利影响，从而使电缆不可操作。

公开(公告)号：US4487996A

公开(公告)日：1984-12-11

申请号：US446193

申请日：1982-12-02

Applicant: Mario Rabinowitz ,  E. Robert Perry

Inventor： Mario Rabinowitz ,  E. Robert Perry

IPC: H01B9/02

CPC classification number: H01B9/027

Abstract: An electrical coaxial cable is disclosed herein including an inner conductor and a concentric outer conductor electrically insulated from one another by means of a layer of dielectric material disposed therebetween. A series of concentric layers of electrically conductive polymer material serve to shield the insulation layer from the inner and outer conductors and also divide the insulation layer into individual concentric segments.

Abstract translation: 本文公开了一种电同轴电缆，其包括通过设置在它们之间的介电材料层彼此电绝缘的内导体和同心外导体。 导电聚合物材料的一系列同心层用于屏蔽绝缘层与内导体和外导体，并将绝缘层分成单独的同心部分。