公开(公告)号：US07773290B2

公开(公告)日：2010-08-10

申请号：US11857668

申请日：2007-09-19

Applicant: Mario Rabinowitz

Inventor： Mario Rabinowitz

IPC: G02B26/00 ,  G02B7/182

CPC classification number: G02F1/29 ,  F24S23/77 ,  F24S23/82 ,  F24S2023/85 ,  F24S2023/872 ,  F24S2030/11 ,  G02B26/026 ,  G02F1/19 ,  Y02E10/40

Abstract: This invention provides a better means to achieve affordable solar energy. It does so by increasing the efficiency and capacity of control grids (for addressing and alignment) in solar concentrators, and similar equipment. Method and apparatus are described for going from a 25% grid efficiency and capacity to a more than 90% grid efficiency and capacity. The instant invention relates to improvements in the control (addressing and alignment) grid for Solar Energy Concentrators, and similar equipment. The control grid acts to address and align active optical elements such as mirrored balls, electrophoretic, and magnetophoretic cells in solar concentrators [e.g. cf. U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,133,183 and 6,843,573 by M. Rabinowitz]. This invention also reduces the cost of transistor grids by greatly reducing the number of grid junctions and hence the number and cost of transistors. Moreover, the present invention simplifies the grid making it more feasible to use the same voltage supply sequentially to further reduce costs, rather than having multiple voltage sources.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供了一种更好的手段来实现负担得起的太阳能。 它通过提高太阳能集中器和类似设备中控制网格（用于寻址和对准）的效率和容量来实现。 描述了从25％的电网效率和容量到90％以上的电网效率和容量的方法和装置。 本发明涉及太阳能集中器和类似设备的控制（寻址和对准）网格的改进。 控制网格用于解决和对准太阳能集中器中的有源光学元件，例如镜像球，电泳和磁电泳细胞[例如， 参考 美国专利 M.Rabinowitz编号7,133,183和6,843,573]。 本发明还通过大大减少晶格结的数量以及晶体管的数量和成本来降低晶体管栅极的成本。 此外，本发明简化了电网，使得依次使用相同的电压源以进一步降低成本而不是具有多个电压源是更可行的。

公开(公告)号：US07247790B2

公开(公告)日：2007-07-24

申请号：US10639011

申请日：2003-08-11

Applicant: Mario Rabinowitz

Inventor： Mario Rabinowitz

IPC: H01L31/052

CPC classification number: H02S99/00 ,  F24S23/77 ,  F24S2023/85 ,  F24S2023/872 ,  G02B26/026 ,  Y02E10/40

Abstract: Due to an ever growing shortage of conventional energy sources, there is an increasingly intense interest in harnessing solar energy. This invention deals with method and apparatus for the direct conversion of solar energy to alternating current power by an active spinning mini-optics system. A limiting factor in the utilization of solar energy in the past has been the high cost of power conversion from dc to ac. By directly producing alternating current power, this invention substantially reduces the cost of generating photovoltaic electricity. This system utilizes a dynamic spinning ensemble of mini-mirrors to both concentrate and modulate rays from the sun onto a photovoltaic collector array. The focusing with superimposed spinning action produces single phase and multiphase alternating current (ac) with substantially higher power output than the direct current (dc) power resulting from the direct incidence of sunlight on the photovoltaic collector.

Abstract translation: 由于常规能源不断增加，对太阳能利用的兴趣日益增加。 本发明涉及通过主动旋转微型光学系统将太阳能直接转换成交流功率的方法和装置。 过去太阳能利用的一个限制因素是从直流到交流电的转换成本高昂。 通过直接制造交流电力，本发明大大降低了发电光电的成本。 该系统利用微型反射镜的动态旋转组合来集中和调制来自太阳的光线到光伏收集器阵列上。 叠加旋转动作的聚焦产生的单相和多相交流电（AC）的功率输出大大高于太阳光直接照射在光伏收集器上的直流（dc）功率。

公开(公告)号：US06957894B2

公开(公告)日：2005-10-25

申请号：US10770087

申请日：2004-01-31

Applicant: Mario Rabinowitz ,  Felipe G. Garcia

Inventor： Mario Rabinowitz ,  Felipe G. Garcia

IPC: F24S23/70 ,  G02B26/08 ,  G02B7/182

CPC classification number: G02B26/0841 ,  F24S23/70 ,  F24S2023/85 ,  F24S2023/87 ,  Y02E10/40

Abstract: Due to an ever growing shortage of conventional energy sources, there is an increasingly intense interest in harnessing solar energy. The instant invention is concerned with method and apparatus for the group alignment of solar concentrator micro-mirrors and the maximization of the percentage of incident light that is reflected to the receiver. Novel method and apparatus are taught for the alignment in large groups or ensembles of micro-mirrors of a micro-optics solar concentrator system for single-axis and two-axis tracking. Broadly this invention deals with novel concepts used for alignment in the focussing of light wherever mirrors are used for focussing such as for solar propulsion assist, illumination and projection of light, optical switching, etc. A particularly important objective is the focussing of sunlight for solar power conversion and production. The instant invention can contribute to the goal of achieving environmentally clean solar energy on a large enough scale to be competitive with conventional energy sources.

Abstract translation: 由于常规能源不断增加，对太阳能利用的兴趣日益增加。 本发明涉及用于太阳能集中器微反射镜的组对准的方法和装置以及被反射到接收器的入射光的百分比的最大化。 教授了用于单轴和双轴跟踪的微光学太阳能集中器系统的大型组或微镜的整体对准的新颖方法和装置。 广泛地说，本发明涉及用于聚焦光的对准的新颖概念，无论何时使用反射镜用于聚焦，例如用于太阳能推进辅助，照明和投射光，光学切换等。一个特别重要的目标是将太阳聚焦于太阳 电力转换生产。 本发明可以有助于在足够大的规模上实现环境清洁太阳能以与常规能源竞争的目标。

公开(公告)号：US20050195465A1

公开(公告)日：2005-09-08

申请号：US10794236

申请日：2004-03-06

Applicant: Mario Rabinowitz

Inventor： Mario Rabinowitz

IPC: G02B26/00 ,  G02B27/10

CPC classification number: F24S23/77 ,  F24S2023/85 ,  F24S2023/872 ,  Y02E10/40

Abstract: Novel method and apparatus are presented for coupling to a transparent sheet with an embedded array of preformed or formable mirrored micro-balls for use in a solar energy concentrator, and functionally similar applications such as optical switches and solar rocket assist. Mirrored micro-balls and particulate formable mirrors in cells are covered with a thin spherical shell of lubricating liquid so that they are free to rotate in an almost frictionless encapsulation in the sheet. Induced polarization electric or magnetic dipoles in the mirrors provide a novel method of controlling the alignment of the mirrored balls. Electrophoretically and magnetophoretically forming mirrors in situ on a rigid surface in a rotatable cell is also novel. Confining the balls and cells in cavities within a single sheet, rather than loosely between two sheets, allows for greater alignment accuracy which is needed for higher concentrations with gains greater than 10×. Immersing balls and cells in a lubricating fluid permits nearly frictionless rotation which reduces the power requirement for rotation, and further enables greater alignment accuracy as the impediment of unnecessary friction need not be overcome.

Abstract translation: 提出了一种新颖的方法和装置，用于与具有用于太阳能集中器的预制或可成形的镜像微球的嵌入阵列以及功能上类似的应用，例如光开关和太阳能火箭辅助件耦合到透明片材。 细胞中的镜面微球和微粒可成形镜被薄的润滑液球形外壳覆盖，使得它们在板中几乎无摩擦的封装中自由旋转。 反射镜中引入的极化电极或磁偶极子提供了一种控制镜像球对准的新方法。 在可旋转电池中的刚性表面上原位地电泳和磁导电地形成反射镜也是新颖的。 将球和细胞限制在单个片材中的空腔中，而不是松散地限制在两片之间，允许更高的对准精度，这对于具有大于10x的增益的较高浓度是需要的。 将润滑液中的球和细胞浸入允许几乎无摩擦的旋转，这降低了旋转的功率需求，并且进一步实现了更大的对准精度，因为不需要克服不必要的摩擦的障碍。

公开(公告)号：US5325002A

公开(公告)日：1994-06-28

申请号：US837824

申请日：1992-02-18

Applicant: Mario Rabinowitz ,  James S. Edmonds

Inventor： Mario Rabinowitz ,  James S. Edmonds

IPC: H02K9/00 ,  H02K55/02 ,  H02K55/04 ,  H01B12/00 ,  H02K7/09 ,  H02K55/00

CPC classification number: H02K55/04 ,  Y02E40/625 ,  Y10S505/876

Abstract: A motor/generator that is operable in an inductive mode during a startup phase and in a synchronous mode thereafter. Superconductor material is included in either the stator or the rotator and a magnetic field generator is included in the other of these two members. Induced fields in a torque-shield provide coupling between the stator and the rotor during the startup phase and then a trapped field in the superconductor provides coupling between the stator and the rotor thereafter.

Abstract translation: 一种电动机/发电机，其在启动阶段期间以感应模式操作，此后可以在同步模式中操作。 超导体材料包括在定子或旋转器中，并且磁场发生器包括在这两个构件中的另一个中。 转矩屏蔽中的感应场在启动阶段期间在定子和转子之间提供耦合，然后在超导体中的捕获场提供定子和转子之间的耦合。

公开(公告)号：US4394534A

公开(公告)日：1983-07-19

申请号：US111808

申请日：1980-01-14

Applicant: George Bahder ,  Mario Rabinowitz

Inventor： George Bahder ,  Mario Rabinowitz

IPC: H01B12/02 ,  H01B7/34

CPC classification number: H01B12/02 ,  Y02E40/641 ,  Y10S505/886 ,  Y10T29/49998

Abstract: A cable for cryogenic use includes an inner conductor and a solid polymeric insulator loosely positioned about said inner conductor about 0.degree. C. A collapsible spacer can be positioned between the inner conductor and the polymeric insulator to further space the insulator away from the conductor and thereby accommodate greater shrinkage of the insulator. In fabricating the cable, the cable is sealed and pressure is applied to the cable to expand the insulation. The cable is placed inside a rigid cylinder having an inside diameter larger than the outside diameter of the cable. The cylinder is heated to facilitate expansion of the insulation, and the cylinder is subsequently cooled while maintaining pressure to the cable.

Abstract translation: 用于低温使用的电缆包括内部导体和固体聚合物绝缘体，其围绕所述内部导体约0℃松散地定位。可折叠间隔物可以位于内部导体和聚合物绝缘体之间，以进一步将绝缘体远离导体，从而 适应绝缘体的更大收缩。 在制造电缆时，电缆被密封，电缆施加压力以扩大绝缘。 电缆放置在内径大于电缆外径的刚性圆柱体内。 气缸被加热以便于绝缘体的膨胀，并且气缸随后在保持对电缆的压力的同时被冷却。

公开(公告)号：US4142576A

公开(公告)日：1979-03-06

申请号：US800705

申请日：1977-05-26

Applicant: Elijah R. Perry ,  Mario Rabinowitz

Inventor： Elijah R. Perry ,  Mario Rabinowitz

IPC: F24S90/00 ,  F25B13/00 ,  F25B17/00 ,  F25B27/00 ,  F25B27/02 ,  F28D20/00 ,  F28F1/22

CPC classification number: F28D20/0052 ,  F24J3/081 ,  F25B17/00 ,  Y02B30/62 ,  Y02E10/12 ,  Y02E60/142

Abstract: A heat pump for cooling or heating a conditioned space includes an underground heat pipe laid into a hole in the ground back-filled with soil. The heat transfer of the soil is improved by dispersing highly water-absorbent hydrophilic polymeric gel particles soaked with water around the heat pipe. The water-soaked particles preferably are coated with a water-impermeable film. The water may also be entrapped in liquid form in small bags. Also, a water impermeable sheath may be formed around the back-fill soil to minimize evaporation from the particles.This is a division of application Ser. No. 718,348 filed Aug. 27, 1976, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,042,012.

Abstract translation: 用于冷却或加热调节空间的热泵包括铺设在地面上的一个埋入土中的孔中的地下热管。 通过在热管周围分散用水浸泡的高吸水性亲水性聚合物凝胶颗粒来改善土壤的热传递。 水浸泡的颗粒优选地涂覆有不透水的膜。 水也可能以小袋子的形式被捕获。 此外，可以在后填充土壤周围形成不透水的护套，以使来自颗粒的蒸发最小化。

公开(公告)号：US4091230A

公开(公告)日：1978-05-23

申请号：US713066

申请日：1976-08-09

Applicant: Mario Rabinowitz ,  James Joseph Pachot

Inventor： Mario Rabinowitz ,  James Joseph Pachot

IPC: H02G5/10 ,  H01B7/42 ,  H01B7/34

CPC classification number: H01B7/423 ,  H02G5/10 ,  H02G5/063

Abstract: A system having one or more tubular conductors disposed within shield means containing a dielectric surrounding the conductors is used to transmit electrical power. Liquid coolant is directed along a supply line from a source and into the conductors. Each conductor has a plurality of tubular insulators at spaced locations along its length to remove coolant vapor from within the conductor to maintain single phase flow while at the same time operating under two-phase cooling. Another line receives the vapor and returns it to the source of liquification. Several embodiments of the system are disclosed.

Abstract translation: 一个具有一个或多个管状导体的系统被用于传输电力，该管状导体设置在包含围绕导体的电介质的屏蔽装置内。 液体冷却剂沿着供应管线从源引导到导体中。 每个导体在沿其长度的间隔位置处具有多个管状绝缘体，以从导体内除去冷却剂蒸汽，以保持单相流动，同时在两相冷却下运行。 另一条线接收蒸汽并将其返回到液化源。 公开了该系统的几个实施例。

公开(公告)号：US07960641B2

公开(公告)日：2011-06-14

申请号：US12022993

申请日：2008-01-30

Applicant: Mario Rabinowitz

Inventor： Mario Rabinowitz

IPC: H02N6/00 ,  F24J2/00

CPC classification number: G02B26/0875 ,  F24S23/30 ,  F24S2030/11 ,  F24S2030/17 ,  G02B3/08 ,  H01L31/0547 ,  Y02E10/40 ,  Y02E10/52

Abstract: This invention deals with novel method and apparatus for positioning and motion control of the elements (lenses) of a Fresnel lens solar concentrator tracking array by induced and/or permanent dipole coupling to an electronic grid to produce angular deflection, and rotational motion. Thus forces and torques are produced without the use of internal moving parts. Control can be achieved without recourse to magnetic fields, by means of high electric fields which may be attained at relatively low voltages. At low voltages, the instant invention exceeds the capability of conventional systems. It can perform dynamic motion control with independent amplitude and frequency modulation. It is ideally suited for maximization of solar energy focused by the array onto a receiver. Since there are no mechanical likages, the instant invention is the most adapted for fabrication from the mini- to the micro-technology realm. Furthermore it provides less costly and greater ease of manufacture from the mini-to the micro-realm.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及用于定位和运动控制菲涅尔透镜太阳能集中器跟踪阵列的元件（透镜）的新颖方法和装置，其通过感应和/或永久偶极耦合到电子格栅产生角度偏转和旋转运动。 因此，在不使用内部移动部件的情况下产生力和扭矩。 可以通过可以在相对低的电压下获得的高电场来实现控制，而不需要借助于磁场。 在低电压下，本发明超出常规系统的能力。 它可以执行独立的幅度和频率调制的动态运动控制。 它非常适合将由阵列聚焦的太阳能最大化到接收器上。 由于没有机械设计，本发明最适用于微型技术领域的制造。 此外，它从微型到微型领域的成本更低，制造更容易。

公开(公告)号：US07878667B2

公开(公告)日：2011-02-01

申请号：US11937504

申请日：2007-11-09

Applicant: Mario Rabinowitz

Inventor： Mario Rabinowitz

IPC: G02B7/182 ,  G02B7/198 ,  F24J2/10

CPC classification number: F24S23/77 ,  F24S23/80 ,  F24S30/48 ,  F24S2030/115 ,  Y02E10/47 ,  Y10S359/90

Abstract: A novel latch for pivoted optical elements of a solar concentrator and other equipment latches them in position between orientation operations. The mirrors may be on a universal pivot that can rotate or tilt in any direction; or on gimbal pivots. The orientation power can be turned off between alignments with the mirrors remaining in alignment orientation during this off-power period. Turning off the alignment power between alignments, saves on both energy resources and on expensive apparatus. It permits a great reduction in power supply as the optical elements can be aligned sequentially. This not only reduces operating costs, but also capital investment because smaller power supplies can suffice. A preferred embodiment utilizes the freezing of a liquid material. Since this involves no moving parts for latching, the instant invention is ideally adapted for fabrication from the nano- to the mini-realm.

Abstract translation: 用于太阳能聚光器和其他设备的枢转光学元件的新型闩锁将它们锁定在定向操作之间的适当位置。 镜子可以在可以在任何方向上旋转或倾斜的通用枢轴上; 或在万向枢轴上。 在该断电期间，在镜子保持对准取向的对准之间，取向功率可以被关闭。 关闭排列之间的对准功率，节省了能量资源和昂贵的设备。 随着光学元件可以顺序对准，它允许大大减少电源。 这不仅降低了运营成本，还降低了资金投入，因为更小的电力供应就足够了。 优选的实施例利用液体材料的冷冻。 由于这不涉及用于锁定的移动部件，本发明理想地适用于从纳米到迷你领域的制造。