公开(公告)号：US4142576A

公开(公告)日：1979-03-06

申请号：US800705

申请日：1977-05-26

Applicant: Elijah R. Perry ,  Mario Rabinowitz

Inventor： Elijah R. Perry ,  Mario Rabinowitz

IPC: F24S90/00 ,  F25B13/00 ,  F25B17/00 ,  F25B27/00 ,  F25B27/02 ,  F28D20/00 ,  F28F1/22

CPC classification number: F28D20/0052 ,  F24J3/081 ,  F25B17/00 ,  Y02B30/62 ,  Y02E10/12 ,  Y02E60/142

Abstract: A heat pump for cooling or heating a conditioned space includes an underground heat pipe laid into a hole in the ground back-filled with soil. The heat transfer of the soil is improved by dispersing highly water-absorbent hydrophilic polymeric gel particles soaked with water around the heat pipe. The water-soaked particles preferably are coated with a water-impermeable film. The water may also be entrapped in liquid form in small bags. Also, a water impermeable sheath may be formed around the back-fill soil to minimize evaporation from the particles.This is a division of application Ser. No. 718,348 filed Aug. 27, 1976, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,042,012.

Abstract translation: 用于冷却或加热调节空间的热泵包括铺设在地面上的一个埋入土中的孔中的地下热管。 通过在热管周围分散用水浸泡的高吸水性亲水性聚合物凝胶颗粒来改善土壤的热传递。 水浸泡的颗粒优选地涂覆有不透水的膜。 水也可能以小袋子的形式被捕获。 此外，可以在后填充土壤周围形成不透水的护套，以使来自颗粒的蒸发最小化。

公开(公告)号：US4091230A

公开(公告)日：1978-05-23

申请号：US713066

申请日：1976-08-09

Applicant: Mario Rabinowitz ,  James Joseph Pachot

Inventor： Mario Rabinowitz ,  James Joseph Pachot

IPC: H02G5/10 ,  H01B7/42 ,  H01B7/34

CPC classification number: H01B7/423 ,  H02G5/10 ,  H02G5/063

Abstract: A system having one or more tubular conductors disposed within shield means containing a dielectric surrounding the conductors is used to transmit electrical power. Liquid coolant is directed along a supply line from a source and into the conductors. Each conductor has a plurality of tubular insulators at spaced locations along its length to remove coolant vapor from within the conductor to maintain single phase flow while at the same time operating under two-phase cooling. Another line receives the vapor and returns it to the source of liquification. Several embodiments of the system are disclosed.

Abstract translation: 一个具有一个或多个管状导体的系统被用于传输电力，该管状导体设置在包含围绕导体的电介质的屏蔽装置内。 液体冷却剂沿着供应管线从源引导到导体中。 每个导体在沿其长度的间隔位置处具有多个管状绝缘体，以从导体内除去冷却剂蒸汽，以保持单相流动，同时在两相冷却下运行。 另一条线接收蒸汽并将其返回到液化源。 公开了该系统的几个实施例。

公开(公告)号：US07960641B2

公开(公告)日：2011-06-14

申请号：US12022993

申请日：2008-01-30

Applicant: Mario Rabinowitz

Inventor： Mario Rabinowitz

IPC: H02N6/00 ,  F24J2/00

CPC classification number: G02B26/0875 ,  F24S23/30 ,  F24S2030/11 ,  F24S2030/17 ,  G02B3/08 ,  H01L31/0547 ,  Y02E10/40 ,  Y02E10/52

Abstract: This invention deals with novel method and apparatus for positioning and motion control of the elements (lenses) of a Fresnel lens solar concentrator tracking array by induced and/or permanent dipole coupling to an electronic grid to produce angular deflection, and rotational motion. Thus forces and torques are produced without the use of internal moving parts. Control can be achieved without recourse to magnetic fields, by means of high electric fields which may be attained at relatively low voltages. At low voltages, the instant invention exceeds the capability of conventional systems. It can perform dynamic motion control with independent amplitude and frequency modulation. It is ideally suited for maximization of solar energy focused by the array onto a receiver. Since there are no mechanical likages, the instant invention is the most adapted for fabrication from the mini- to the micro-technology realm. Furthermore it provides less costly and greater ease of manufacture from the mini-to the micro-realm.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及用于定位和运动控制菲涅尔透镜太阳能集中器跟踪阵列的元件（透镜）的新颖方法和装置，其通过感应和/或永久偶极耦合到电子格栅产生角度偏转和旋转运动。 因此，在不使用内部移动部件的情况下产生力和扭矩。 可以通过可以在相对低的电压下获得的高电场来实现控制，而不需要借助于磁场。 在低电压下，本发明超出常规系统的能力。 它可以执行独立的幅度和频率调制的动态运动控制。 它非常适合将由阵列聚焦的太阳能最大化到接收器上。 由于没有机械设计，本发明最适用于微型技术领域的制造。 此外，它从微型到微型领域的成本更低，制造更容易。

公开(公告)号：US07878667B2

公开(公告)日：2011-02-01

申请号：US11937504

申请日：2007-11-09

Applicant: Mario Rabinowitz

Inventor： Mario Rabinowitz

IPC: G02B7/182 ,  G02B7/198 ,  F24J2/10

CPC classification number: F24S23/77 ,  F24S23/80 ,  F24S30/48 ,  F24S2030/115 ,  Y02E10/47 ,  Y10S359/90

Abstract: A novel latch for pivoted optical elements of a solar concentrator and other equipment latches them in position between orientation operations. The mirrors may be on a universal pivot that can rotate or tilt in any direction; or on gimbal pivots. The orientation power can be turned off between alignments with the mirrors remaining in alignment orientation during this off-power period. Turning off the alignment power between alignments, saves on both energy resources and on expensive apparatus. It permits a great reduction in power supply as the optical elements can be aligned sequentially. This not only reduces operating costs, but also capital investment because smaller power supplies can suffice. A preferred embodiment utilizes the freezing of a liquid material. Since this involves no moving parts for latching, the instant invention is ideally adapted for fabrication from the nano- to the mini-realm.

Abstract translation: 用于太阳能聚光器和其他设备的枢转光学元件的新型闩锁将它们锁定在定向操作之间的适当位置。 镜子可以在可以在任何方向上旋转或倾斜的通用枢轴上; 或在万向枢轴上。 在该断电期间，在镜子保持对准取向的对准之间，取向功率可以被关闭。 关闭排列之间的对准功率，节省了能量资源和昂贵的设备。 随着光学元件可以顺序对准，它允许大大减少电源。 这不仅降低了运营成本，还降低了资金投入，因为更小的电力供应就足够了。 优选的实施例利用液体材料的冷冻。 由于这不涉及用于锁定的移动部件，本发明理想地适用于从纳米到迷你领域的制造。

公开(公告)号：US20100326521A1

公开(公告)日：2010-12-30

申请号：US11934772

申请日：2007-11-03

Applicant: Mario Rabinowitz

Inventor： Mario Rabinowitz

IPC: H01L31/04 ,  G02B7/185

CPC classification number: G02B19/0019 ,  F24S23/70 ,  F24S30/48 ,  F24S50/20 ,  F24S2023/85 ,  F24S2030/11 ,  F24S2030/17 ,  G02B7/183 ,  G02B19/0042 ,  G02B19/0076 ,  G02B26/0841 ,  H01L31/0543 ,  H01L31/0547 ,  H02S20/10 ,  H02S20/30 ,  H02S40/22 ,  Y02E10/47 ,  Y02E10/52

Abstract: This invention deals with novel method and apparatus for positioning and motion control of the elements (mirrors) of a Fresnel reflector solar concentrator tracking heliostat array by induced and/or permanent dipole coupling to an electronic grid to produce angular deflection, and rotational motion. Thus forces and torques are produced without the use of internal moving parts. Control is achieved without recourse to magnetic fields, by means of high electric fields which may be attained at relatively low voltages. At low voltages, the instant invention exceeds the capability of conventional systems. It can perform dynamic motion control with independent amplitude and frequency modulation. It is ideally suited for maximization of solar energy focused by the array onto a receiver. Since there are no internal moving parts, the instant invention is the most adapted for fabrication from the mini- to the microtechnology realm. Furthermore it provides less costly and greater ease of manufacture from the mini- to the micro-realm.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及用于定位和运动控制菲涅尔反射器太阳能集中器的元件（反射镜）的新颖方法和装置，其通过感应和/或永久偶极耦合到电子栅格产生角度偏转和旋转运动来跟踪定日镜阵列。 因此，在不使用内部移动部件的情况下产生力和扭矩。 通过可在相对较低的电压下获得的高电场实现控制，而无需借助于磁场。 在低电压下，本发明超出常规系统的能力。 它可以执行独立的幅度和频率调制的动态运动控制。 它非常适合将由阵列聚焦的太阳能最大化到接收器上。 由于没有内部移动部件，因此本发明最适于从微型技术领域制造。 此外，从微型到微型领域，它提供的成本更低，制造更容易。

公开(公告)号：US07597826B1

公开(公告)日：2009-10-06

申请号：US11104317

申请日：2005-04-12

Applicant: Mario Rabinowitz ,  John Eugene Kuczaj

Inventor： Mario Rabinowitz ,  John Eugene Kuczaj

IPC: B29D11/00 ,  B29B11/02

CPC classification number: B29D11/00596 ,  B29C33/0022 ,  B29C43/00 ,  B29C43/021 ,  B29C43/085 ,  B29C43/28 ,  B29C43/46 ,  B29C47/0021 ,  B29C47/06 ,  B29C47/32 ,  B29C2043/3678 ,  B29C2043/465 ,  B29C2043/5053 ,  B29K2105/16 ,  B29K2995/003 ,  B29L2011/00 ,  B29L2011/0016 ,  B29L2011/0058 ,  B29L2031/54 ,  G02B5/136

Abstract: Method and apparatus are presented for mass production manufacturing of micro-mirrored balls for solar energy and related applications such as optical switches, etc. For these applications it is imperative to provide accurate specular reflection from the mirror. The mass production process utilizes laminate sheets containing reflective material, assembly rollers, and extrusion and die rollers. The micro-mirrored balls are in the size range of 4 microns (4×10−6 m) to 1 mm (10−3 m), and in one form are transparent in at least one hemisphere with a reflecting mid-plane mirror. In other forms the micro-balls vary in geometry from cylinders to oblate ellipsoids to disks. The term “elements” is used to encompass all these shapes, which have one thing in common—a flat specularly reflecting mirrored surface. These elements can track the light source, and aim and focus the reflected light.

Abstract translation: 提出了用于大量生产用于太阳能的微镜球和诸如光开关等相关应用的方法和装置。对于这些应用，必须从镜子提供准确的镜面反射。 批量生产过程使用包含反射材料，组装辊，挤出和压模辊的层压板。 微镜球的尺寸范围为4微米（4×10-6米）至1毫米（10-3米），并且在至少一个具有反射中平面镜的半球中以一种形式是透明的。 在其他形式中，微球的几何形状从圆柱体变化到椭圆形到圆盘。 术语“元素”用于包含所有这些形状，它们有一个共同点 - 平面镜面反射镜面。 这些元素可以跟踪光源，瞄准和聚焦反射光。

公开(公告)号：US07568479B2

公开(公告)日：2009-08-04

申请号：US11963686

申请日：2007-12-21

Applicant: Mario Rabinowitz

Inventor： Mario Rabinowitz

IPC: F24J2/38 ,  G02B5/08 ,  G02B7/182

CPC classification number: G02B5/08 ,  F24S23/80 ,  F24S30/48 ,  F24S2023/85 ,  Y02E10/47

Abstract: This invention deals with novel method and apparatus for positioning and motion control of the elements (mirrors) of a Fresnel reflector solar concentrator tracking heliostat array wherein the elements are suspended with the center of mass below the swivel point, or have an internal-swivel. This achieves an advantageous natural vertical stability. The torque to produce angular deflection, and rotational motion is provided separately by an electric wind force due to electrons, ions, and/or neutrals; or in combination with an induced and/or permanent dipole coupling to an electronic grid. Thus forces and torques are produced without the use of internal moving parts such as in motors. The instant invention exceeds the capability of conventional systems. It is ideally suited for maximization of solar energy focused by a low-profile concentrator array onto a receiver. Since there are no internal moving parts, the instant invention provides less costly and greater ease of manufacture. Dynamic motion can be controlled over a wide range of dimensions from nanometers to decimeters.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及用于定位和运动控制菲涅尔反射器太阳能聚光器跟踪定日镜阵列的元件（反射镜）的新颖方法和装置，其中元件以质心悬置在旋转点下方或具有内旋转。 这实现了有利的自然垂直稳定性。 产生角度偏转的转矩和旋转运动由于电子，离子和/或中性的电风力分开提供; 或者与诱导和/或永久偶极耦合到电子网格的组合。 因此，在不使用诸如电动机的内部移动部件的情况下产生力和扭矩。 本发明超出常规系统的能力。 它非常适合将由低调集中器阵列聚焦的太阳能最大化到接收器上。 由于没有内部移动部件，本发明提供了更低的成本和更大的制造容易性。 动态运动可以在从纳米到分米的宽范围内进行控制。

公开(公告)号：US20090038827A1

公开(公告)日：2009-02-12

申请号：US11837481

申请日：2007-08-10

Applicant: Mario Rabinowitz

Inventor： Mario Rabinowitz

IPC: H05K1/00

CPC classification number: H01L51/445 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  F24S23/00 ,  F24S2023/85 ,  H01L31/0547 ,  H01L51/444 ,  Y02E10/52 ,  Y02E10/549

Abstract: This invention provides a better means to achieve affordable solar energy, as well as other technologies. It does so by improving control grids (for addressing and alignment) in solar concentrators and optical equipment in general. Thus troublesome and expensive grid material like Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) can be replaced by more manageable, hardier, and in the long run relatively less expensive nanotubes; or a carbon grid simply laid down by ordinary photocopy (Xerographic) reduction techniques. The instant invention relates to improvements in the control (addressing and alignment) grid for Solar Energy Concentrators; and similar equipment such as Optical Switches [e.g. cf. M. Rabinowitz U.S. Pat. No. 6,976,445]; and Display devices such as Dynamic Reflection, Illumination, and Projection equipment [e.g. cf. M. Rabinowitz U.S. Pat. No. 7,130,102]; as well as display equipment in general. The control grid acts to address and align active optical elements such as mirrored balls, multipainted balls, electrophoretic, and magnetophoretic cells in solar concentrators [e.g. cf. M. Rabinowitz U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,133,183 and 6,843,573]; and in other equipment. Methods of fabricating the grids are also described.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供了一种更好的手段来实现负担得起的太阳能以及其他技术。 它通过改进太阳能集中器和光学设备中的控制网格（用于寻址和对准）来实现。 因此，诸如氧化铟锡（ITO）的麻烦和昂贵的栅格材料可以被更易于管理，更加硬的替代，并且从长远来看，相对较便宜的纳米管是可以替代的。 或通过普通的复印（静电复印）还原技术简单地放置的碳网格。 本发明涉及太阳能集中器的控制（寻址和对准）网格的改进; 和类似的设备，例如光开关[例如 参考 Rabinowitz美国专利 No. 6,976,445]; 和显示设备，例如动态反射，照明和投影设备[例如， 参考 Rabinowitz美国专利 No. 7,130,102]; 以及一般的显示设备。 控制网格用于解决和对准太阳能聚光器中的有源光学元件，例如镜像球，多层球，电泳和磁电泳细胞[例如， 参考 Rabinowitz美国专利 第7,133,183和6,843,573号]; 和其他设备。 还描述了制造网格的方法。

公开(公告)号：US07133183B2

公开(公告)日：2006-11-07

申请号：US10794236

申请日：2004-03-06

Applicant: Mario Rabinowitz

Inventor： Mario Rabinowitz

IPC: G02B26/00 ,  G02F1/29 ,  G09G3/34

CPC classification number: F24S23/77 ,  F24S2023/85 ,  F24S2023/872 ,  Y02E10/40

Abstract: Due to an ever growing shortage of conventional energy sources, there is an increasingly intense interest in harnessing solar energy. The instant invention can contribute to the goal of achieving environmentally clean solar energy to be competitive with conventional energy sources. Method and apparatus are presented for coupling to a transparent sheet with an embedded array of preformed or formable mirrored micro-balls for use in a solar energy concentrator, and functionally similar applications such as optical switches and solar rocket assist. Mirrored micro-balls and particulate formable mirrors in cells are covered with a thin spherical shell of lubricating liquid so that they are free to rotate in an almost frictionless encapsulation in the sheet. Induced polarization electric or magnetic dipoles in the mirrors provide a method of controlling the alignment of the mirrored balls. Electrophoretically and magnetophoretically forming mirrors in situ on a rigid surface in a rotatable cell are also disclosed. Confining the balls and cells in cavities within a single sheet, rather than loosely between two sheets, allows for greater alignment accuracy which is needed for higher concentrations with gains greater than 10×. Immersing balls and cells in a lubricating fluid permits nearly frictionless rotation which reduces the power requirement for rotation, and further enables greater alignment accuracy as the impediment of unnecessary friction need not be overcome.

Abstract translation: 由于常规能源不断增加，对太阳能利用的兴趣日益增加。 本发明可以有助于实现环境清洁太阳能与常规能源竞争的目标。 提出了用于耦合到透明片材的方法和装置，该透明片材具有用于太阳能集中器的预成型或可成形的镜面微球的嵌入阵列，以及功能上类似的应用，例如光学开关和太阳能火箭辅助。 细胞中的镜面微球和微粒可成形镜被薄的润滑液球形外壳覆盖，使得它们在板中几乎无摩擦的封装中自由旋转。 反射镜中的感应极化电或偶极子提供了一种控制镜像球对准的方法。 还公开了在可旋转电池中的刚性表面上原位地电泳和磁导电地形成反射镜。 将球和细胞限制在单个片材中的空腔中，而不是松散地限制在两片之间，允许更高的对准精度，这对于具有大于10x的增益的较高浓度是需要的。 将润滑液中的球和细胞浸入允许几乎无摩擦的旋转，这降低了旋转的功率需求，并且进一步实现了更大的对准精度，因为不需要克服不必要的摩擦的障碍。

公开(公告)号：US20050270627A1

公开(公告)日：2005-12-08

申请号：US10862708

申请日：2004-06-07

Applicant: Mario Rabinowitz

Inventor： Mario Rabinowitz

IPC: G02B5/08 ,  G02B6/26 ,  G02B26/00 ,  G02B26/02 ,  G09G3/34

CPC classification number: G02B26/026

Abstract: This invention deals with an improveed general concept for a multi-wavelength switching ensemble which is controlled electrically, electromagetically, or magnetically. A switching system is presented that permits the input to control the output. It allows a full 360 degree rotation of the beam which greatly exceeds the rotational capability of conventional systems. Furthermore, the instant invention permits less costly and greater ease of manufacture.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种改进的用于电气，电磁或磁控制的多波长切换组合的一般概念。 提供一种允许输入控制输出的开关系统。 它允许光束的完全360度旋转，其大大超过常规系统的旋转能力。 此外，本发明允许更低的成本和更容易的制造。