Abstract:
An electrode for an electrochemical device has a current collector, an electrolyte layer, and an active material layer between the current collector and the electrolyte layer comprising active material. The active material layer has a first sub-layer in contact with the electrolyte layer, the first sub-layer having only an electronically conductive polymer binder as a binder material; a second sub-layer in contact with the current collector, the second sub-layer having only an ionically conductive polymer binder as the binder material; and a mid-layer between the first sub-layer and the second sub-layer.
Abstract:
An ion conducting and electron conducting polymer is comprised of a first polymer of a single-sulfonic acid polymer or a multi-sulfonic acid polymer and a second polymer of an EDOT analog monomer having the following formula: wherein z=O or S; Y2=—COH, —C6H13, or —COOH; a=0 or 1; Y3=—CH3, —C2H5, —CH2C6H6, —C6H13, —C8H17, —CH2OC6H13, or —CH2OC6H6; and b=0 or 1; wherein a sulfonic acid group of each branch of the first polymer electronically interacts with one or more thiophene rings of the second polymer; and wherein any remaining sulfonic acid groups on each branch of the first polymer are converted to SO3Li.
Abstract:
An oxygen permeable polymer has the following formula: wherein RS is a non-sulfonyl halide portion of a sulfonyl halide monomer or polymer; XP is —NH or —NHCO; A is an optionally substituted alkyl; L is 0, 1 or 2; m is 2 or 3; Z is H or CH3; and n is 5-m. The polymer can be used in air separation devices, air concentrators, and in electrodes for electrochemical devices.
Abstract:
Methods of preparing a crosslinked polymer provide increased chemical durability resulting from the inclusion of antioxidants, or free-radical scavengers, to neutralize the radicals causing polymer membrane degradation. One method includes polymerizing, using an initiator with light irradiation or heat, a styrenated crosslinkable monomer with a styrene-based comonomer having the formula CH2═CH—C6H4—X and a free-radical scavenger. Examples of free-radical scavengers include 4-hydroxy styrene and 4-vinylaniline.
Abstract:
Multi-acid polymers are produced having the formula R—SO2—NH—R′—(SO3H)n and made from a polymer precursor in sulfonyl fluoride form or sulfonyl chloride form The R is one or more units of the polymer precursor without sulfonyl fluoride or sulfonyl chloride, R′ is the portion of the amino sulfonic acid without the SO3H and NH, n is one or more, and the multi-acid polymer has two or more proton conducting groups. A method of making the multi-acid polymers includes reacting an amino acid having multiple sulfonic acids with a polymer precursor in sulfonyl fluoride form or sulfonyl chloride form in a mild base condition to produce the multi-acid polymer having two or more proton conducting groups.
Abstract:
Multi-acid polymers are produced having the formula R—SO2—NH—(SO3−H+)n or R—SO2—NH—(PO3−H2+)n and made from a polymer precursor in sulfonyl fluoride form or sulfonyl chloride form The R is one or more units of the polymer precursor without sulfonyl fluoride or sulfonyl chloride, n is one or more, and the multi-acid polymer has two or more proton conducting groups. A method of making the multi-acid polymers includes reacting an amino acid having multiple sulfonic acids or phosphonic acids with a polymer precursor in sulfonyl fluoride form or sulfonyl chloride form in a mild base condition to produce the multi-acid polymer having two or more proton conducting groups.
Abstract:
An oxygen permeable polymer has the following formula: wherein RS is a non-sulfonyl halide portion of a sulfonyl halide monomer or polymer; XP is —NH or —NHCO; A is an optionally substituted alkyl; L is 0, 1 or 2; m is 2 or 3; Z is H or CH3; and n is 5−m. The polymer can be used in air separation devices, air concentrators, and in electrodes for electrochemical devices.
Abstract:
A membrane electrode assembly for a fuel cell has a segmented membrane including a porous support having a surface area, the surface area divided into a first portion and a second portion. An alkaline segment is formed from the first portion of the porous support imbibed with an alkaline ionomer. An acid segment is formed from the second portion of the porous support imbibed with an acid ionomer. The alkaline segment is sized to provide a humidification amount to a feed gas passing through the acid segment.
Abstract:
Multi-acid polymers are produced having the formula R—SO2—NH—R′—(SO3H)n and made from a polymer precursor in sulfonyl fluoride form or sulfonyl chloride form The R is one or more units of the polymer precursor without sulfonyl fluoride or sulfonyl chloride, R′ is the portion of the amino sulfonic acid without the SO3H and NH, n is one or more, and the multi-acid polymer has two or more proton conducting groups. A method of making the multi-acid polymers includes reacting an amino acid having multiple sulfonic acids with a polymer precursor in sulfonyl fluoride form or sulfonyl chloride form in a mild base condition to produce the multi-acid polymer having two or more proton conducting groups.
Abstract:
Multi-acid polymers are produced having the formula R—SO2—NH—(SO3−H+)n or R—SO2—NH—(PO3−H2+)n and made from a polymer precursor in sulfonyl fluoride form or sulfonyl chloride form The R is one or more units of the polymer precursor without sulfonyl fluoride or sulfonyl chloride, n is one or more, and the multi-acid polymer has two or more proton conducting groups. A method of making the multi-acid polymers includes reacting an amino acid having multiple sulfonic acids or phosphonic acids with a polymer precursor in sulfonyl fluoride form or sulfonyl chloride form in a mild base condition to produce the multi-acid polymer having two or more proton conducting groups.