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公开(公告)号：US10145979B2
公开(公告)日：2018-12-04
申请号：US15454458
申请日：2017-03-09
摘要： Methods and related systems are described for gamma-ray detection. A gamma-ray detector is made depending on its properties and how those properties are affected by the data analysis. Desirable properties for a downhole detector include; high temperature operation, reliable/robust packaging, good resolution, high countrate capability, high density, high Z, low radioactive background, low neutron cross-section, high light output, single decay time, efficiency, linearity, size availability, etc. Since no single detector has the optimum of all these properties, a downhole tool design preferably picks the best combination of these in existing detectors, which will optimize the performance of the measurement in the required environment and live with the remaining non-optimum properties. A preferable detector choice is one where the required measurement precision (logging speed) is obtained for all of the required inelastic elements and/or minimization of unwanted background signals that complicate the data analysis.
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公开(公告)号：US09835759B2
公开(公告)日：2017-12-05
申请号：US14954799
申请日：2015-11-30
发明人： James A. Grau
IPC分类号： G01V5/10
CPC分类号： G01V5/101
摘要： A method and system for analyzing constituent elements in bulk media wherein neutrons are emitted into the bulk media to produce inelastic neutron interaction in the bulk media, and a gamma-ray spectrum resulting from the inelastic neutron interaction in the bulk media is detected. A set of standard spectra are used as part of spectral analysis that processes the standard spectra and the derived gamma-ray spectrum to determine a number of yield coefficients for the constituent elements as part of the bulk media. The standard spectra or the spectral analysis is configured to account for at least one environmental condition that affects detected gamma-rays that result from the inelastic neutron interaction in the bulk media.
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公开(公告)号：US20170184759A1
公开(公告)日：2017-06-29
申请号：US15454458
申请日：2017-03-09
摘要： Methods and related systems are described for gamma-ray detection. A gamma-ray detector is made depending on its properties and how those properties are affected by the data analysis. Desirable properties for a downhole detector include; high temperature operation, reliable/robust packaging, good resolution, high countrate capability, high density, high Z, low radioactive background, low neutron cross-section, high light output, single decay time, efficiency, linearity, size availability, etc. Since no single detector has the optimum of all these properties, a downhole tool design preferably picks the best combination of these in existing detectors, which will optimize the performance of the measurement in the required environment and live with the remaining non-optimum properties. A preferable detector choice is one where the required measurement precision (logging speed) is obtained for all of the required inelastic elements and/or minimization of unwanted background signals that complicate the data analysis.
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公开(公告)号：US20170153354A1
公开(公告)日：2017-06-01
申请号：US14954799
申请日：2015-11-30
发明人： James A. Grau
IPC分类号： G01V5/10
CPC分类号： G01V5/101
摘要： A method and system for analyzing constituent elements in bulk media wherein neutrons are emitted into the bulk media to produce inelastic neutron interaction in the bulk media, and a gamma-ray spectrum resulting from the inelastic neutron interaction in the bulk media is detected. A set of standard spectra are used as part of spectral analysis that processes the standard spectra and the derived gamma-ray spectrum to determine a number of yield coefficients for the constituent elements as part of the bulk media. The standard spectra or the spectral analysis is configured to account for at least one environmental condition that affects detected gamma-rays that result from the inelastic neutron interaction in the bulk media.
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公开(公告)号：US20170115428A1
公开(公告)日：2017-04-27
申请号：US14920495
申请日：2015-10-22
发明人： Tong Zhou , James A. Grau
摘要： A method for analyzing a formation includes entering into a computer a number of detected gamma rays resulting from imparting neutrons into the formation. The detected gamma rays are characterized by energy levels thereof. A number of detected gamma rays in each energy level comprises a measured spectrum. In the computer, a non-Gaussian filter is applied to a reference spectrum to match the measured spectrum in shape. The filtered reference spectrum and measured spectrum are used to determine a fractional volume of at least one component of the formation.
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16.发明申请Correction to Determined Formation Sulfur to Account for Sulfur in the Wellbore 审中-公开修正确定的硫磺在井筒中考虑硫公开(公告)号：US20160047938A1
公开(公告)日：2016-02-18
申请号：US14920359
申请日：2015-10-22
摘要： A method for correcting determined sulfur content in formations penetrated by a wellbore for sulfur in the wellbore includes determining an amount of sulfur from spectral analysis of gamma rays detected by a well logging instrument disposed in the wellbore. The gamma rays result from imparting neutrons into the formations. The method includes determining if strontium is present in fluid disposed in the wellbore. An amount of strontium is determined from the spectral analysis. A corrected sulfur content of the formation is determined based on the determined amount of strontium.
摘要翻译： 用于校正在井筒中用于硫的孔眼穿透的地层中确定的硫含量的方法包括通过由设置在井筒中的测井仪器检测的γ射线的光谱分析来确定硫的量。 伽马射线是由中子赋予地层造成的。 该方法包括确定在井眼中布置的流体中是否存在锶。 从光谱分析中确定一定量的锶。 基于确定的锶量确定地层的校正硫含量。
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公开(公告)号：US20150285944A1
公开(公告)日：2015-10-08
申请号：US14433366
申请日：2013-10-04
发明人： Michael M. Herron , Susan Herron , James A. Grau , John P. Horkowitz , Paul R. Craddock , Robert Badry
CPC分类号： G01V11/00 , E21B49/00 , G01N33/246 , G01V5/101
摘要： The accurate determination of formation hydrocarbon or water saturation is a useful step in the petrophysical evaluation of petroleum reservoirs. This disclosure presents a new method for estimating hydrocarbon saturation directly from a porosity log and a total organic carbon (TOC) log. The method is enabled by the recent development of a geochemical spectroscopy logging tool that combines inelastic and capture gamma ray measurements to provide a robust and accurate TOC log. The method differs from the prior approach of using carbon-to-oxygen ratios that is most often applied in cased hole evaluation. The main advantages of this method are that it does not use knowledge of formation water resistivity, it does not rely on a resistivity model, it does not use an extensive calibration database, and it is largely independent of clay or other lithology effects. Here, the principles of the method and the main challenges are described, and calculations that explore uncertainties in the saturation estimates arising from uncertainties in the log inputs are presented. The statistical uncertainty in the estimate of hydrocarbon saturation is as good as 10 saturation units (s.u.) in conventional reservoirs with porosities of 15 porosity units (p.u.) or greater. The method has been applied to the determination of hydrocarbon saturation in a variety of formations, including bitumen-filled dolomite, heavy oil sand, and shaly-sands with both open hole and cased hole wells. The method works equally well in formations drilled and logged with either oil- and water-based mud. The saturation estimates have been benchmarked against a combination of conventional and new logging approaches (e.g., resistivity, magnetic resonance and dielectric logs) and core measurements, with generally excellent agreement among independentdeterminations. Hydrocarbon saturations can be determined accurately using the method in a number of formation types where conventional methods and models for estimating fluid saturation commonly fail, such as freshwater and unknown water salinity in formations under enhanced oil recovery. The case studies included herein demonstrate that a TOC log derived from geochemical spectroscopy logs can be used to obtain reliable estimates of hydrocarbon saturation in a wide range of environmental conditions and formations.
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公开(公告)号：US09091774B2
公开(公告)日：2015-07-28
申请号：US13833297
申请日：2013-03-15
发明人： Jeffrey Miles , Robert Badry , James A. Grau
CPC分类号： G01V5/045 , E21B47/04 , E21B47/082 , G01V5/125
摘要： A method of analyzing a geologic formation having a borehole therein may include operating at least one tool within the borehole to collect respective borehole dimensions at different depths in the borehole, and collect respective total values for a given element at the different depths in the borehole. Each total value may be based upon both a value for an adjacent portion of the geologic formation and a value for material within the borehole. The method may also include determining each value of the given element in the adjacent portion of the geologic formation based upon the total value and the corresponding borehole dimensions.
摘要翻译： 分析其中具有钻孔的地质构造的方法可以包括在钻孔内操作至少一个工具以收集钻孔中不同深度处的相应钻孔尺寸，并且针对钻孔中不同深度处的给定元件收集相应的总值。 每个总值可以基于地质层的相邻部分的值和钻孔内的材料的值。 该方法还可以包括基于总值和对应的钻孔尺寸确定地质构造的相邻部分中的给定元素的每个值。
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19.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20140231640A1
公开(公告)日：2014-08-21
申请号：US14118871
申请日：2012-05-24
发明人： James A. Grau , Jeffrey Miles , Markus Berheide
IPC分类号： G01V5/10
CPC分类号： G01V5/101
摘要： A method for estimating an aspect of a formation using a nuclear spectroscopy tool includes placing a nuclear spectroscopy tool including a neutron source and a gamma ray detector into a borehole and performing a plurality of environmental measurements. Neutrons are emitted from the nuclear spectroscopy tool such that some of the neutrons generate gamma rays from a formation adjacent the nuclear spectroscopy tool, some of the neutrons generate gamma rays from elements within the nuclear spectroscopy tool and some of the neutrons generate gamma rays from an element in the drilling mud. An energy spectrum of gamma rays induced by the emitted neutrons can be detected with the tool and analyzed using a combination of standard spectra including at least two sub-standards that represent a common element or group of elements and that are differentiated based on location of neutron interaction, such as where the neutrons thermalize.
摘要翻译： 使用核分析工具估计地层的方面的方法包括将包括中子源和伽马射线检测器的核谱仪器放置在钻孔中并执行多个环境测量。 中子从核分析仪器发射，使得一些中子从邻近核光谱仪的地层产生γ射线，一些中子从核分析仪器内的元素产生伽马射线，一些中子产生来自 钻井泥浆中的元素。 可以用工具检测由发射的中子引起的伽马射线的能谱，并使用标准光谱的组合进行分析，标准光谱包括至少两个代表共同元素或元素组的子标准，并基于中子的位置 相互作用，例如中子热化的地方。
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公开(公告)号：US20140217273A1
公开(公告)日：2014-08-07
申请号：US13761982
申请日：2013-02-07
发明人： James A. Grau
摘要： A method for correcting detected gamma ray spectra for the effects of energy analyzer pileup includes assigning detected gamma rays to channels in a multichannel analyzer (MCA). A pileup spectrum is estimated. The pileup spectrum is subtracted from the measured spectrum. The result thereof is compared to the preceding estimated pileup free spectrum and the estimating the pileup spectrum, subtracting the pileup spectrum and comparing is repeated until the difference between successive estimates of the pileup-free spectrum falls below a selected threshold.
摘要翻译： 用于校正检测到的能量分析器堆积效应的伽马射线谱的方法包括将检测到的伽马射线分配给多通道分析器（MCA）中的通道。 估计堆积谱。 从测量光谱中减去堆积谱。 将其结果与先前估计的无堆积谱进行比较，并且估计堆积谱，减去堆积谱并重复比较，直到无堆积谱的连续估计之间的差降低到选定阈值以下。
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