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公开(公告)号：US09835758B2
公开(公告)日：2017-12-05
申请号：US14920495
申请日：2015-10-22
发明人： Tong Zhou , James A. Grau
摘要： A method for analyzing a formation includes entering into a computer a number of detected gamma rays resulting from imparting neutrons into the formation. The detected gamma rays are characterized by energy levels thereof. A number of detected gamma rays in each energy level comprises a measured spectrum. In the computer, a non-Gaussian filter is applied to a reference spectrum to match the measured spectrum in shape. The filtered reference spectrum and measured spectrum are used to determine a fractional volume of at least one component of the formation.
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公开(公告)号：US09599729B2
公开(公告)日：2017-03-21
申请号：US14553611
申请日：2014-11-25
摘要： Methods and related systems are described for gamma-ray detection. A gamma-ray detector is made depending on its properties and how those properties are affected by the data analysis. Desirable properties for a downhole detector include; high temperature operation, reliable/robust packaging, good resolution, high countrate capability, high density, high Z, low radioactive background, low neutron cross-section, high light output, single decay time, efficiency, linearity, size availability, etc. Since no single detector has the optimum of all these properties, a downhole tool design preferably picks the best combination of these in existing detectors, which will optimize the performance of the measurement in the required environment and live with the remaining non-optimum properties. A preferable detector choice is one where the required measurement precision (logging speed) is obtained for all of the required inelastic elements and/or minimization of unwanted background signals that complicate the data analysis.
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3.发明申请Environmental Corrections in Nuclear Spectroscopy Using Variable Shape Standard 审中-公开使用可变形状标准的核光谱学环境校正公开(公告)号：US20140138530A1
公开(公告)日：2014-05-22
申请号：US14118876
申请日：2012-05-24
发明人： James A. Grau , Jeffrey Miles , Markus Berheide
IPC分类号： G01V5/10
CPC分类号： G01V5/101
摘要： An aspect of a formation may be estimated by placing a nuclear spectroscopy tool including a neutron source and a gamma ray detector into a borehole and performing a plurality of environmental measurements. Neutrons are emitted from the nuclear spectroscopy tool such that some of the neutrons generate gamma rays from a formation adjacent the nuclear spectroscopy tool, some of the neutrons generate gamma rays from elements within the nuclear spectroscopy tool and some of the neutrons generate gamma rays from an element in the drilling mud. An energy spectrum of gamma rays induced by the emitted neutrons can be detected with the tool. The detected gamma-ray energy spectrum can be analyzed using a combination of standard spectra, where the shape of at least one of the standard spectra can be varied based on the environmental measurements to account for the environment's effects on gamma-ray spectra.
摘要翻译： 可以通过将包括中子源和γ射线检测器的核分析仪器放置在井眼中并执行多个环境测量来估计地层的一个方面。 中子从核分析仪器发射，使得一些中子从邻近核光谱仪的地层产生γ射线，一些中子从核分析仪器内的元素产生伽马射线，一些中子产生来自 钻井泥浆中的元素。 可以用工具检测由发射的中子引起的伽马射线的能谱。 可以使用标准光谱的组合来分析检测到的γ射线能谱，其中至少一个标准光谱的形状可以基于环境测量而变化，以考虑环境对γ射线光谱的影响。
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4.发明申请Alpha Processing to Improve Accuracy and Precision of Elemental Concentrations from Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy 审中-公开Alpha加工，以提高伽马射线光谱的元素浓度的精度和精度公开(公告)号：US20150285943A1
公开(公告)日：2015-10-08
申请号：US14434735
申请日：2013-10-11
摘要： A method for improving precision of measurement of material composition of formations determined by gamma ray spectral an analysis includes determining an accurate value of an amount of a selected by analyzing a spectrum of gamma rays detected from the formations using a technique that directly relates the gamma ray spectrum to the amount of the material. A precise value of the amount of the material is determined by analyzing the spectrum of detected gamma rays that indirectly relates the gamma ray spectrum to the amount of the material. A function relating the accurate value to the precise value over a selected axial interval along the wellbore is determined. The function is applied to the accurate value at at least one selected axial position along the wellbore to determine an accurate and precise value of the amount of the material.
摘要翻译： 用于提高由伽马射线光谱确定的地层的材料组成的测量精度的方法包括通过使用直接将伽马射线相关的技术来分析从地层检测的伽马射线的频谱来确定所选择的量的精确值 光谱到材料的量。 通过分析间接地将伽马射线谱与材料的量相关联的检测到的伽马射线的光谱来确定材料量的精确值。 确定沿着井眼将精确值与选定的轴向间隔上的精确值相关联的函数。 该功能应用于沿着井筒的至少一个选定的轴向位置处的精确值，以确定材料量的准确和精确的值。
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公开(公告)号：US20150076337A1
公开(公告)日：2015-03-19
申请号：US14553611
申请日：2014-11-25
摘要： Methods and related systems are described for gamma-ray detection. A gamma-ray detector is made depending on its properties and how those properties are affected by the data analysis. Desirable properties for a downhole detector include; high temperature operation, reliable/robust packaging, good resolution, high countrate capability, high density, high Z, low radioactive background, low neutron cross-section, high light output, single decay time, efficiency, linearity, size availability, etc. Since no single detector has the optimum of all these properties, a downhole tool design preferably picks the best combination of these in existing detectors, which will optimize the performance of the measurement in the required environment and live with the remaining non-optimum properties. A preferable detector choice is one where the required measurement precision (logging speed) is obtained for all of the required inelastic elements and/or minimization of unwanted background signals that complicate the data analysis.
摘要翻译： 描述了用于伽马射线检测的方法和相关系统。 伽马射线探测器取决于其性质以及这些属性如何受数据分析的影响。 井下探测器的理想性能包括： 高温操作，可靠/坚固的包装，良好的分辨率，高计数能力，高密度，高Z，低放射性背景，低中子截面，高光输出，单衰减时间，效率，线性度，尺寸可用性等。 没有一个单一的检测器具有所有这些特性的最佳优点，井下工具设计优选地在现有检测器中选择这些的最佳组合，这将优化所需环境中的测量的性能并且与剩余的非最佳特性一起使用。 优选的检测器选择是对于所有所需的非弹性元件获得所需的测量精度（测井速度）和/或使不需要的背景信号的最小化使得数据分析复杂化的选择。
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公开(公告)号：US08927920B2
公开(公告)日：2015-01-06
申请号：US13761982
申请日：2013-02-07
发明人： James A. Grau
摘要： A method for correcting detected gamma ray spectra for the effects of energy analyzer pileup includes assigning detected gamma rays to channels in a multichannel analyzer (MCA). A pileup spectrum is estimated. The pileup spectrum is subtracted from the measured spectrum. The result thereof is compared to the preceding estimated pileup free spectrum and the estimating the pileup spectrum, subtracting the pileup spectrum and comparing is repeated until the difference between successive estimates of the pileup-free spectrum falls below a selected threshold.
摘要翻译： 用于校正检测到的能量分析器堆积效应的伽马射线谱的方法包括将检测到的伽马射线分配给多通道分析器（MCA）中的通道。 估计堆积谱。 从测量光谱中减去堆积谱。 将其结果与先前估计的无堆积谱进行比较，并且估计堆积谱，减去堆积谱并重复比较，直到无堆积谱的连续估计之间的差降低到选定阈值以下。
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公开(公告)号：US08901483B2
公开(公告)日：2014-12-02
申请号：US13852965
申请日：2013-03-28
摘要： Methods and related systems are described for gamma-ray detection. A gamma-ray detector is made depending on its properties and how those properties are affected by the data analysis. Desirable properties for a downhole detector include; high temperature operation, reliable/robust packaging, good resolution, high countrate capability, high density, high Z, low radioactive background, low neutron cross-section, high light output, single decay time, efficiency, linearity, size availability, etc. Since no single detector has the optimum of all these properties, a downhole tool design preferably picks the best combination of these in existing detectors, which will optimize the performance of the measurement in the required environment and live with the remaining non-optimum properties. A preferable detector choice is one where the required measurement precision (logging speed) is obtained for all of the required inelastic elements and/or minimization of unwanted background signals that complicate the data analysis.
摘要翻译： 描述了用于伽马射线检测的方法和相关系统。 伽马射线探测器取决于其性质以及这些属性如何受数据分析的影响。 井下探测器的理想性能包括： 高温操作，可靠/坚固的包装，良好的分辨率，高计数能力，高密度，高Z，低放射性背景，低中子截面，高光输出，单衰减时间，效率，线性度，尺寸可用性等。 没有一个单一的检测器具有所有这些特性的最佳优点，井下工具设计优选地在现有检测器中选择这些的最佳组合，这将优化所需环境中的测量的性能并且与剩余的非最佳特性一起使用。 优选的检测器选择是对于所有所需的非弹性元件获得所需的测量精度（测井速度）和/或使不需要的背景信号的最小化使得数据分析复杂化的选择。
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公开(公告)号：US20130214145A1
公开(公告)日：2013-08-22
申请号：US13852965
申请日：2013-03-28
摘要： Methods and related systems are described for gamma-ray detection. A gamma-ray detector is made depending on its properties and how those properties are affected by the data analysis. Desirable properties for a downhole detector include; high temperature operation, reliable/robust packaging, good resolution, high countrate capability, high density, high Z, low radioactive background, low neutron cross-section, high light output, single decay time, efficiency, linearity, size availability, etc. Since no single detector has the optimum of all these properties, a downhole tool design preferably picks the best combination of these in existing detectors, which will optimize the performance of the measurement in the required environment and live with the remaining non-optimum properties. A preferable detector choice is one where the required measurement precision (logging speed) is obtained for all of the required inelastic elements and/or minimization of unwanted background signals that complicate the data analysis.
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9.发明授权公开(公告)号：US10429540B2
公开(公告)日：2019-10-01
申请号：US13656287
申请日：2012-10-19
发明人： James A. Grau
IPC分类号： G01V5/10
摘要： A method for determining weight fractions of a plurality of elements in a subsurface formation penetrated by a wellbore includes determining weight fractions of a first plurality of elements using measurements of capture gamma rays made in the wellbore. The capture gamma rays result from bombardment of the formations with high energy neutrons. A weight fraction of a second plurality of elements is determined using measurements of inelastic gamma rays made in the wellbore resulting from bombardment of the formations with high energy neutrons. The weight fraction for the second plurality is determined by setting a transformation factor for those elements common to both the first and second plurality to result in a statistically equivalent weight fraction for the common elements as determined for the first plurality of elements. Weight fractions of elements in the second plurality not common to the first plurality of elements is determined using the set transformation factor.
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公开(公告)号：US09851468B2
公开(公告)日：2017-12-26
申请号：US14433366
申请日：2013-10-04
发明人： Michael M. Herron , Susan Herron , James A. Grau , John P. Horkowitz , Paul R. Craddock , Robert Badry
CPC分类号： G01V11/00 , E21B49/00 , G01N33/246 , G01V5/101
摘要： The accurate determination of formation hydrocarbon or water saturation is a useful step in the petrophysical evaluation of petroleum reservoirs. This disclosure presents a new method for estimating hydrocarbon saturation directly from a porosity log and a total organic carbon (TOC) log. The method is enabled by the recent development of a geochemical spectroscopy logging tool that combines inelastic and capture gamma ray measurements to provide a robust and accurate TOC log. The method differs from the prior approach of using carbon-to-oxygen ratios that is most often applied in cased hole evaluation. The main advantages of this method are that it does not use knowledge of formation water resistivity, it does not rely on a resistivity model, it does not use an extensive calibration database, and it is largely independent of clay or other lithology effects. Here, the principles of the method and the main challenges are described, and calculations that explore uncertainties in the saturation estimates arising from uncertainties in the log inputs are presented. The statistical uncertainty in the estimate of hydrocarbon saturation is as good as 10 saturation units (s.u.) in conventional reservoirs with porosities of 15 porosity units (p.u.) or greater. The method has been applied to the determination of hydrocarbon saturation in a variety of formations, including bitumen-filled dolomite, heavy oil sand, and shaly-sands with both open hole and cased hole wells. The method works equally well in formations drilled and logged with either oil- and water-based mud. The saturation estimates have been benchmarked against a combination of conventional and new logging approaches (e.g., resistivity, magnetic resonance and dielectric logs) and core measurements, with generally excellent agreement among independent determinations. Hydrocarbon saturations can be determined accurately using the method in a number of formation types where conventional methods and models for estimating fluid saturation commonly fail, such as freshwater and unknown water salinity in formations under enhanced oil recovery. The case studies included herein demonstrate that a TOC log derived from geochemical spectroscopy logs can be used to obtain reliable estimates of hydrocarbon saturation in a wide range of environmental conditions and formations.
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