公开(公告)号：US5973299A

公开(公告)日：1999-10-26

申请号：US927879

申请日：1997-09-11

申请人： John R. Reader, Jr.

发明人： John R. Reader, Jr.

IPC分类号： F25D3/10 ,  G05D23/00 ,  G05D23/19 ,  H05B1/02

CPC分类号： G05D23/1919

摘要： A heater controller for allocating heaters to cool a thermal chamber of a scientific instrument evaporates cryogenic liquid to produce a coolant gas. The gas is injected into a chamber to cool a sample disposal therein. The controller allocates low-capacity heaters in compliance with IEC guidelines to prevent problems generally associated with switching of large current loads, such as heaters. In one embodiment, heaters are activated so as to avoid jump discontinuities by effectively averaging the power delivered by the heaters. A second embodiment reduces complexity by essentially disregarding the problem of the jump discontinuity. A third embodiment groups the heaters according to a binary grouping scheme. The heater controller of the present invention can be used to control temperature according to a user supplied temperature profile.

摘要翻译： 用于分配加热器以冷却科学仪器的热室的加热器控制器蒸发低温液体以产生冷却剂气体。 将气体注入室以冷却其中的样品处理。 控制器根据IEC指南分配低容量加热器，以防止与大电流负载（如加热器）的切换大体相关的问题。 在一个实施例中，加热器被激活，以便通过有效平均由加热器传递的功率来避免跳跃不连续性。 第二实施例通过基本上忽略跳跃不连续性的问题来降低复杂性。 第三实施例根据二进制分组方案对加热器进行分组。 本发明的加热器控制器可用于根据用户提供的温度曲线控制温度。

公开(公告)号：US5710426A

公开(公告)日：1998-01-20

申请号：US609547

申请日：1996-03-01

申请人： Kevin J. Reed ,  Robert L. Danley ,  John R. Reader, Jr. ,  John W. Schaefer

发明人： Kevin J. Reed ,  Robert L. Danley ,  John R. Reader, Jr. ,  John W. Schaefer

IPC分类号： G01N25/16 ,  F27B5/16 ,  F27B17/02 ,  F27D1/00 ,  F27D9/00 ,  G01N3/00 ,  G01N3/06 ,  G01N3/18 ,  G01N19/00 ,  H01J3/14

CPC分类号： G01N3/18 ,  F27B17/02 ,  F27B5/16 ,  F27D1/0006 ,  G01N3/068 ,  F27B2005/164 ,  F27D1/0033 ,  F27D9/00 ,  G01N2203/0226

摘要： A dynamic and thermal mechanical analyzer incorporating a slide driven vertically in an air bearing guidance system with a large displacement capacity, very low friction and low mass. The position of the slide is measured by digitizing and interpolating two quadrature output signals generated by an optical encoder with very high spatial resolution and a long stroke. A force is applied to the slide using a linear permanent magnet motor with high force, high force linearity and low sensitivity to temperature variations. Position signals derived from the digitized and interpolated quadrature output signals are analyzed as a function of the applied force to calculate viscoelastic properties of a sample of material.

摘要翻译： 一种动态和热力机械分析仪，其包括在具有大排量容量，非常低摩擦和低质量的空气轴承引导系统中垂直驱动的滑块。 通过数字化和内插由具有非常高的空间分辨率和长行程的光学编码器产生的两个正交输出信号来测量幻灯片的位置。 使用具有高力，高力线性度和对温度变化的低灵敏度的线性永磁电动机将力施加到滑块。 根据所施加的力分析从数字化和内插正交输出信号得到的位置信号，以计算材料样品的粘弹性。

公开(公告)号：US5439291A

公开(公告)日：1995-08-08

申请号：US171656

申请日：1993-12-22

申请人： Michael Reading

发明人： Michael Reading

IPC分类号： G01N25/48 ,  G01N25/00

CPC分类号： G01N25/4833 ,  B82Y15/00 ,  G01N25/18 ,  G01N25/4866

摘要： The present invention is a modulated differential thermal analysis technique for determining the composition, phase, structure, identification, or other properties of a material that undergoes a transition as function of temperature or other driving variable. As applied to differential scanning calorimetric analysis (DSC), the preferred embodiment comprises (1) heating a sample of the material with a linear temperature ramp that is modulated with a sinusoidal heating rate oscillation; (2) simultaneously heating a reference at the same linear temperature ramp; (3) measuring the differential temperature of the sample and reference; and (4) deconvoluting the resultant heat flow signal into rapidly and non-rapidly reversible components.

摘要翻译： 本发明是用于确定作为温度或其他驱动变量的函数的经历转变的材料的组成，相位，结构，识别或其它性质的调制差分热分析技术。 如应用于差示扫描量热分析（DSC），优选实施方案包括（1）用正弦加热速率振荡调制的线性温度斜坡加热材料样品; （2）在相同的线性温度斜坡同时加热参考; （3）测量样品和参考的温差; 和（4）将所得热流信号解卷积成快速且非快速可逆的分量。

公开(公告)号：US5045798A

公开(公告)日：1991-09-03

申请号：US472412

申请日：1990-01-24

申请人： Kendall B. Hendrick

发明人： Kendall B. Hendrick

IPC分类号： G01R27/26

CPC分类号： G01R27/2635

摘要： A planar interdigitated dielectric sensor useful for measuring the surface properties of a material is disclosed. The sensor is formed on an insulating substrate. Attached to the surface of the substrate is an excitation and response electrode disposed in an interdigitated pectinate configuration. Filling the space between the electrodes is an insulating material of known dielectric properties. The upper surface of the electrodes are generally coplanar with respect to the insulating material between the electrodes thus forming a flat upper surface on the sensor. This flat upper surface serves to eliminate air gaps between the sensor surface and sample when analyzing relatively viscous materials.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于测量材料的表面性质的平面交错介质传感器。 传感器形成在绝缘基板上。 附着于基板表面的激励和响应电极设置成交错的果胶构造。 填充电极之间的空间是已知介电特性的绝缘材料。 电极的上表面相对于电极之间的绝缘材料大致共面，从而在传感器上形成平坦的上表面。 当分析相对粘稠的材料时，该平坦的上表面用于消除传感器表面和样品之间的气隙。

公开(公告)号：US6113261A

公开(公告)日：2000-09-05

申请号：US105238

申请日：1998-06-26

申请人： Roger L. Blaine

发明人： Roger L. Blaine

IPC分类号： G01G1/22 ,  G01N5/04 ,  G01G23/00 ,  G01N25/00

CPC分类号： G01G1/22 ,  G01N25/4833 ,  G01N5/04

摘要： A method for controlling a thermogravimetry experiment and for quantitatively determining kinetic constants for decomposition or volatilization reactions using periodic forcing (modulated) temperature functions. A temperature program having a linear part and a periodically varying part superimposed thereon is applied to a sample in a thermogravimetric analyzer. The resulting mass signal is deconvoluted, or separated, into one or more deconvoluted signals.

摘要翻译： 一种控制热重分析实验的方法，并使用周期性强制（调制）温度函数定量测定分解或挥发反应的动力学常数。 将具有直线部分和周期性变化部分重叠的温度程序应用于热重分析仪中的样品。 所得到的质量信号被解卷积或分离成一个或多个解卷积的信号。

公开(公告)号：US5346306A

公开(公告)日：1994-09-13

申请号：US60214

申请日：1993-05-07

申请人： Michael Reading ,  Brian K. Hahn ,  Benjamin S. Crowe

发明人： Michael Reading ,  Brian K. Hahn ,  Benjamin S. Crowe

IPC分类号： G01N25/20 ,  G01N25/18 ,  G01N25/48 ,  G01Q90/00 ,  G01N25/00

CPC分类号： G01N25/18 ,  G01N25/4833 ,  G01N25/4866

摘要： The present invention relates to differential analytical techniques for determining the composition, phase, structure, identification or other properties of a material that undergoes a transition as function of a driving variable. As applied to differential scanning calorimetric analysis (DSC), the preferred embodiment comprises: (1) heating a sample of the material with a linear temperature ramp that is modulated with a sinusoidal heating rate oscillation; and (2) deconvoluting the resultant heat flow signal into rapidly reversible and non-rapidly reversible components.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及用于确定作为驱动变量的函数经历转变的材料的组成，相位，结构，识别或其它性质的差分分析技术。 如应用于差示扫描量热分析（DSC），优选实施方案包括：（1）用正弦加热速率振荡调制的线性温度斜坡加热材料样品; 和（2）将所得到的热流信号解卷积成快速可逆的和非快速可逆的分量。

公开(公告)号：US5288147A

公开(公告)日：1994-02-22

申请号：US973416

申请日：1992-11-09

申请人： John W. Schaefer ,  Robert L. Danley

发明人： John W. Schaefer ,  Robert L. Danley

IPC分类号： G01K17/00 ,  G01N25/48 ,  G01N25/00

CPC分类号： G01N25/4866 ,  G01K17/00 ,  G01N25/482

摘要： A differential thermal analysis sensor consisting of two low-impedance differential thermopiles. Each thermopile consists of a series of thermocouples joined in series, with the measuring junctions of the thermocouples arranged around a uniform temperature measuring region, and the thermoelectric reference junctions of the thermocouples arranged around a uniform temperature thermoelectric reference region. The differential thermal analysis sensor can be used for single-sample heat flux differential thermal analysis measurements, dual-sample heat flux differential thermal analysis measurements, or power compensation differential thermal analysis measurements.

摘要翻译： 差分热分析传感器由两个低阻抗差分热电堆组成。 每个热电堆由一系列串联的热电偶组成，热电偶的测量接头布置在均匀的温度测量区域周围，热电偶的热电参考接合点布置在均匀温度的热电参考区域周围。 差分热分析传感器可用于单样本热通量差分热分析测量，双样本热通量差分热分析测量或功率补偿差分热分析测量。

公开(公告)号：US5248199A

公开(公告)日：1993-09-28

申请号：US888933

申请日：1992-05-26

申请人： Michael Reading

发明人： Michael Reading

IPC分类号： G01N25/20 ,  G01N25/48

CPC分类号： G01N25/4833 ,  G01N25/4866 ,  B82Y35/00

摘要： The present invention is a spatially-resolved differential analysis technique. A modulated differential analysis technique is applied using a proximal probe to obtain a spatially resolved characterization of a heterogeneous sample comprising at least two phases. As applied to spatially-resolved modulated differential scanning calorimetry, the present invention comprises a thermocouple probe that is scanned over the sample surface. The differential temperature of the area of the sample just beneath the thermocouple probe is obtained with respect to the temperature of a reference. The temperature of the sample and the reference is modulated above and below a transition temperature for one phase of the sample. The signal from the thermocouple probe is deconvoluted to obtain an image of the sample delineating the regions of the sample having that phase.

摘要翻译： 本发明是一种空间分辨差分分析技术。 使用近端探针应用调制的差分分析技术以获得包含至少两个相的异质样品的空间分辨表征。 如应用于空间分辨的调制差示扫描量热法，本发明包括在样品表面上扫描的热电偶探针。 相对于参考温度，可以获得正好在热电偶探针正下方的样品区域的温差。 将样品和参考物的温度调制到样品一相的转变温度之上和之下。 来自热电偶探针的信号被去卷积以获得描绘具有该相的样品区域的样品的图像。

公开(公告)号：US5095278A

公开(公告)日：1992-03-10

申请号：US373252

申请日：1989-06-29

申请人： Kendall B. Hendrick

发明人： Kendall B. Hendrick

IPC分类号： G01N27/22 ,  G01R27/26

CPC分类号： G01N27/226 ,  G01R27/2635

摘要： A planar interdigitated dielectric sensor useful for measuring the surface properties of a material is disclosed. The sensor is formed on an insulating substrate. Attached to the surface of the substrate is an excitation electrode and a response electrode disposed in an interdigitated pectinate configuration and a resistance temperature device a (metallic strip). Filling the space between the electrodes and the metallic strip is an insulating material of known dielectric properties. The upper surface of the electrodes and the metallic strip are generally coplanar with respect to the insulating material between the electrodes thus forming a flat upper surface on the sensor. This flat upper surface serves to eliminate air gaps between the sensor surface and sample when analyzing relatively viscous materials.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于测量材料的表面性质的平面交错介质传感器。 传感器形成在绝缘基板上。 附着在基板表面上的激励电极和响应电极以交错的果胶构造和电阻温度装置a（金属条）设置。 填充电极和金属带之间的空间是已知介电特性的绝缘材料。 电极的上表面和金属带相对于电极之间的绝缘材料大致共面，从而在传感器上形成平坦的上表面。 当分析相对粘稠的材料时，该平坦的上表面用于消除传感器表面和样品之间的气隙。

公开(公告)号：US5624187A

公开(公告)日：1997-04-29

申请号：US459022

申请日：1995-06-02

申请人： Michael Reading

发明人： Michael Reading

IPC分类号： G01K17/00 ,  G01N25/20 ,  G01N25/48 ,  G01N25/00

CPC分类号： G01N25/4866 ,  G01N25/4833

摘要： A modulated differential scanning calorimeter ("MDSC") wherein the temperature of the sample and/or the reference is modulated by modulating the characteristics of a gas in thermal contact with the sample and or a reference. In a first embodiment, the major heat flow path between the sample/reference and the furnace is the purge gas in the furnace chamber. The composition of the purge gas in the furnace chamber of the DSC cell is modulated by alternately purging the DSC cell with a high thermal conductivity gas (e.g., helium) and with a low thermal conductivity gas (e.g., nitrogen), thus modulating the flow of heat to and from the cell. In a second embodiment, the sample and reference are heated (or cooled) by a temperature-controlling gas flowing around the sample and reference holders. The gas is heated by being passed through a furnace before it flows around the sample and the reference. The flow-rate of the temperature-controlling gas is modulated, thus modulating the temperature of the sample and the reference. The third embodiment is similar to the second embodiment, but in the third embodiment, the temperature (not the flow-rate) of the temperature-controlling gas is modulated. The third embodiment preferably uses modulation furnaces which have a relatively low thermal mass, such that the sample/reference temperature can be modulated at relatively high modulation rates.

摘要翻译： 调制差示扫描量热计（“MDSC”），其中通过调制与样品和/或参考物热接触的气体的特性来调制样品和/或参考物的温度。 在第一实施例中，样品/参考物和炉之间的主要热流动路径是炉室中的吹扫气体。 通过用高导热性气体（例如氦气）和低热导率气体（例如氮气）交替地吹扫DSC单元来调节DSC单元的炉室中的吹扫气体的组成，从而调节流动 的热量往来于细胞。 在第二实施例中，通过围绕样品和参考保持器流动的温度调节气体来加热（或冷却）样品和参考物。 气体在流过样品和参考物之前通过炉子被加热。 调节温度控制气体的流量，从而调制样品和参考物的温度。 第三实施例与第二实施例类似，但是在第三实施例中，温度控制气体的温度（不是流量）被调制。 第三实施例优选使用具有相对低的热质量的调制炉，使得样品/参考温度可以以相对较高的调制速率进行调制。