摘要:
An abnormality diagnosis apparatus performs: a first step of diagnosing a shortage of precharge voltage or a short-circuit failure between electrodes of a capacitor based on a detection value of a precharge voltage detection circuit in a state where a first relay and a second relay are turned off, and a precharge circuit is operated; a second step of diagnosing, after a normal determination in the first step, a disconnection failure of a precharge path based on the detection value of the precharge voltage detection circuit or a detection value of an inter-relay voltage detection circuit in a state where the first relay and the second relay are turned off, and the precharge circuit is not operated; and a relay failure diagnosis step of diagnosing, after a normal determination in the second step, a short-circuit failure and an open failure of the first relay or the second relay.
摘要:
A spectrum analyzer for measuring an RF signal over a selected frequency span configured to use multiple Intermediate Frequencies (IFs) for residual, spurious and image signal reduction. The spectrum analyzer has both a primary IF path and a secondary IF path configured to provide band pass filtering of the IF signals. A master clock synthesizer is configured to reduce residual noise by providing from a single Voltage Controlled Oscillator, a master clock signal and a Local Oscillator (LO) signal. The spectrum analyzer has a microcontroller configured to change the frequency of the master clock signal and the LO signal if the center frequency of the selected span is sufficiently close to a known spurious signal.
摘要:
Electrothermal conversion elements, apparatus and methods for use in comparing, calibrating and measuring electrical signals utilizing a thin film heater on a thin, low mass, low thermal conductivity substrate and low mass thermoresistive or PN junction thermal radiation sensors. The element emits IR radiation in response to electrical input. The radiation is collected and converted to an electrical signal proportional to the RMS value of the input signal. Isothermal operation enhances both IR and electrical operation.
摘要:
Electrothermal conversion elements, apparatus and methods for use in comparing, calibrating and measuring electrical signals. The element emits IR radiation in response to electrical input. The radiation is collected and converted to an electrical signal proportional to the RMS value of the input signal. Isothermal operation enhances both IR and electrical operation.
摘要:
The electric resistor of this invention is comprised of a Si-Ge alloy thin film containing amorphous and microcrystal phases which serve as an electric resistance, thereby keeping the resistance value ratio substantially constant and uninfluenced by frequency changes which range from d.c. to 32 GHz. In addition, the power detector of this invention uses a thermocouple which is made by connecting the conductor film with the above-mentioned alloy thin film having great thermoelectric power. The thermocouple is provided with beam lead electrodes at cold junction areas to thereby produce large temperature differences between the hot and cold junctions, so that the thermocouple is provided with a sufficient thermal gradient to detect very low power with high accuracy.
摘要:
A pair of thermocouples having elements connected respectively to receive an applied signal and the output signal of an amplifier are connected to apply the resultant thermocouple signals to the input of the amplifier in polarity opposition. An additional feedback signal which varies directly with the output level of the amplifier and which has a square-law characteristic similar to the thermocouple elements is applied to the input of the amplifier to reduce the effects of signal level on the response time of the circuit and allow ultralow signal frequencies to be accurately measured.
摘要:
Methods of manufacturing thermocouples having a first thermoelement wire comprises a molybdenum-lanthanum based material and a second thermoelement wire comprises a phosphorus-doped niobium, may involve exposing a first thermoelement wire and a second thermoelement wire to a temperature in a range extending from about 50° C. to about 60° C. above an intended operational temperature of the first and second thermoelement wires and until a rate of change of a normalized voltage output of the first thermoelement wire and the second thermoelement wire is about 0.001 normalized Volts per hour or less.