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公开(公告)号：US4786802A
公开(公告)日：1988-11-22
申请号：US711
申请日：1987-01-06
Applicant: Masaki Yoshii , Shigeo Tohyama , Aizo Kaneda
Inventor： Masaki Yoshii , Shigeo Tohyama , Aizo Kaneda
CPC classification number: G01L1/241
Abstract: An apparatus for measuring photoelasticity permitting to control mechanical stress applied to an elastic body, by visualizing phase differences of polarized light transmitted by the elastic body is disclosed. In such a prior art apparatus a quarter wavelength plate was used in order to obtain circularly polarized light. However, the precision of the circularly polarized light is worsened, when it works in a wide wavelength region. To the contrary, in an apparatus according to this invention, circularly polarized light is obtained by means of Fresnel's rhombic body. As the result good circularly polarized light can be obtained for a wide wavelength region from the visible region to the near infrared region and control of products including thin films and semiconductor substrates can be effected by visualizing mechanical stress therein.
Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于测量光弹性的装置，其通过使由弹性体透射的偏振光的相位差可视化来控制施加到弹性体的机械应力。 在这种现有技术的装置中，为了获得圆偏振光，使用四分之一波长板。 然而，当在宽波长区域中工作时，圆偏振光的精度变差。 相反，在根据本发明的装置中，通过菲涅尔菱形体获得圆偏振光。 结果，从可视区域到近红外区域的宽波长区域可以获得良好的圆偏振光，并且可以通过可视化其中的机械应力来控制包括薄膜和半导体基板的产品。
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222.发明授权Apparatus for determination of elastic isodynes and of the general state of birefringence whole field-wise using the device for birefringence measurements in a scanning mode (isodyne polariscope) 失效用于在扫描模式（非球面偏振镜）中使用该装置进行双折射测量的，用于确定弹性质心和双折射的一般状态的装置，
公开(公告)号：US4703918A
公开(公告)日：1987-11-03
申请号：US397922
申请日：1982-07-12
Applicant: Jerzy T. Pindera
Inventor： Jerzy T. Pindera
CPC classification number: G01L1/241
Abstract: An apparatus has been developed to experimentally determine the state and amount of birefringence in an arbitrary plane within a birefringent body using an entirely new method. Such information can be used to determine the optical anisotropy in solid and liquid bodies, residual and induced stress fields, etc. This apparatus uses a collimated and polarized light beam which scans linearly the plane of measurement within a transparent birefringent or photoelastic object, and a device which collects particular sheets of light scattered along the path of the light beam, the intensity of which is directly related to the state of birefringence at each scattering point at the plane of measurement within the birefringent body. An imaging device produces in the image plane of the apparatus the lines of constant light intensities which are the lines of constant values of accumulated birefringence. For plane stress states in engineering objects such lines are identical with the elastic isodynes and are therefore called photoelastic isodynes. Two independent fields of such isodynes allow the direct determination of all three stress components of the plane stress state and give an additional relation between the strees components. This is the only experimental method which supplies directly four or more independent data on the stress state at each point within the photoelastic object.
Abstract translation: 已经开发了一种使用全新方法来实验地确定双折射体内的任意平面中双折射的状态和量的装置。 这种信息可以用于确定固体和液体中的光学各向异性，残余和诱导应力场等。该装置使用准直和偏振光束，其在透明双折射或光弹性物体内线性扫描测量平面，并且 收集沿着光束路径散射的特定光束的装置，其强度与双折射体内的测量平面处的每个散射点处的双折射状态直接相关。 成像装置在装置的图像平面中产生作为累积双折射的常数值线的恒定光强度的线。 对于工程物体中的平面应力状态，这些线与弹性体相同，因此称为光弹性体。 这种等离子体的两个独立领域允许直接确定平面应力状态的所有三个应力分量，并给出部分分量之间的附加关系。 这是唯一的实验方法，它可以在光弹性物体内的每一点直接提供四个或更多个独立的应力状态数据。
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公开(公告)号：US4539475A
公开(公告)日：1985-09-03
申请号：US474778
申请日：1983-03-14
Applicant: Thomas W. Bosse
Inventor： Thomas W. Bosse
Abstract: A system that provides temperature compensation in an optical transducer that uses a prism for the purpose of determining a load applied thereto and which may be used to find the weight of an object. When material such as plastic, glass, crystal and the like experiences a change in temperature, its index of refraction changes. By combining prisms, compensation may be made for the change of temperature.
Abstract translation: 一种在光学传感器中提供温度补偿的系统，其使用棱镜来确定施加于其上的负载并且可用于找到物体的重量。 当塑料，玻璃，晶体等材料经历温度变化时，其折射率变化。 通过组合棱镜，可以补偿温度的变化。
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公开(公告)号：US4466295A
公开(公告)日：1984-08-21
申请号：US420003
申请日：1982-09-20
Applicant: Laurence N. Wesson
Inventor： Laurence N. Wesson
IPC: G01D5/34 , G01L1/24 , G01L11/02 , G01P15/093
CPC classification number: G01L11/02 , G01D5/344 , G01L1/241 , G01P15/093
Abstract: Photoelastic sensing means, and more particularly photoelastic sensing means capable of providing high sensitivity for measuring pressure, force, displacement, acceleration or inertial force, proximity, temperature and other measurands. The photoelastic sensing means comprises a thin photoelastic member of transparent material having closely spaced top and bottom outer surfaces with peripheral edges and an edge surface extending between the peripheral edges of the other surfaces. Light flux is provided to the edge surface of the member at a first region for transmission by the member along a path to a second region at the edge surface where it is received and detected. The spacing between the top and bottom outer surfaces of the member is relatively small compared to the length of the path of the light flux in the member. The member is supported to produce bending stresses in the member in a direction transverse to the path of the light flux in the member with the application of force to the member. An output signal is provided responsive to the force which produces the stress in the member.
Abstract translation: 光弹性传感装置，尤其是光弹检测装置，其能够提供测量压力，力，位移，加速度或惯性力，接近度，温度和其它被测量的高灵敏度。 光弹性感测装置包括透明材料的薄光弹性构件，其具有紧密间隔开的具有周边边缘的顶部和底部外表面以及在其它表面的周边边缘之间延伸的边缘表面。 在第一区域处将光通量提供到构件的边缘表面，以便通过构件沿着路径传递到在其被接收和检测的边缘表面处的第二区域。 与构件中光通量的路径的长度相比，构件的顶部和底部外表面之间的间隔相对较小。 该构件被支撑以在构件中沿着横向于构件中的光通量的路径的方向在构件上施加力产生弯曲应力。 响应于在构件中产生应力的力而提供输出信号。
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公开(公告)号：US4286843A
公开(公告)日：1981-09-01
申请号：US38575
申请日：1979-05-14
Applicant: Zinovy V. Reytblatt
Inventor： Zinovy V. Reytblatt
CPC classification number: G02B5/3025 , G01L1/241
Abstract: The filter comprises a multiplicity of light polarizing elements which polarize light in a plurality of planes, and a multiplicity of filtering means associated with the light polarizing elements. In a polariscope, light is directed from a source through such a filter to the specimen to be analyzed. Light passed through the specimen once or twice is coupled through another such filter termed an analyzer. In certain embodiments, the polarizer and the analyzer are combined. Patterns representing the stress in the specimen are produced. The pattern includes isochromatics and a number of isoclinics.
Abstract translation: 滤光器包括使多个平面中的光偏振的多个光偏振元件和与光偏振元件相关联的多个滤光装置。 在偏光镜中，光从源通过这样的过滤器引导到要分析的样品。 通过样本的光一次或两次通过称为分析仪的另一个这种过滤器耦合。 在某些实施例中，偏振器和分析器被组合。 产生代表样品中应力的图案。 该图案包括异色素和许多异色素。
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Patent Agency Ranking
公开(公告)号：US4171908A
公开(公告)日：1979-10-23
申请号：US782342
申请日：1977-03-29
Applicant: Andre J. Robert , Claude G. Bourdon , Nessim H. C. Msika
Inventor： Andre J. Robert , Claude G. Bourdon , Nessim H. C. Msika
CPC classification number: G01L1/241
Abstract: An automatic two wavelength photoelasticimeter comprising, in succession, a light source for emitting light having at least two wavelengths, .lambda..sub.1 and .lambda..sub.2 ; a polarizer rotating at constant speed, an orientable quarter-wave plate of orientation .beta. with respect to a reference axis; a model to be analyzed exhibiting double-refraction and having a fast axis which forms an angle .theta. with respect to the reference axis and which provides a phase shift .phi. (which parameters .theta. and .phi. are to be measured) and three photodetectors 5, 6, and 7 preceded by analyzers 10, 11 and 12 respectively. The photodetectors 6 and 7 are preceded by filters 8 and 9 of wavelengths .lambda..sub.1 and .lambda..sub.2 respectively. The difference between the phases of the signals of the frequency 2.omega. at the outputs of the photodetectors 6 and 7 supplies the difference between the phase shifts contributed by the model from these two wavelengths, the quarter-wave plate being oriented along the bisectors of the axes of double refraction of the model at the point in question. The apparatus is applicable to photoelasticimetry on strongly photoelastic materials and materiasl under high stress.
Abstract translation: 一种自动双波长光弹性计量器，其连续地包括用于发射具有至少两个波长λ1和λ2的光的光源; 以恒定速度旋转的偏振片，相对于参考轴线的取向β的可取向四分之一波片; 要分析的模型显示出双折射并具有相对于参考轴线形成角度θ并且提供相移phi（哪个参数θ和phi将被测量）的快轴，以及三个光电检测器5,6， 和7分别在分析仪10,11和12之前。 光电检测器6和7之前分别是波长λ1和λ2的滤波器8和9。 在光电检测器6和7的输出处的频率2ω的信号的相位之间的差异提供了来自这两个波长的由模型贡献的相移之间的差异，四分之一波片是沿着 在所讨论的点的模型的双折射的轴。 该装置适用于高应力下强光弹性材料和材料的光弹性测定。
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公开(公告)号：US4002934A
公开(公告)日：1977-01-11
申请号：US581923
申请日：1975-05-29
Applicant: Isaak Isaevich Slezinger , Georgy Mironovich Belitsky , Vladimir Alexandrovich Shiryaev , Jury Vasilievich Mironov
Inventor： Isaak Isaevich Slezinger , Georgy Mironovich Belitsky , Vladimir Alexandrovich Shiryaev , Jury Vasilievich Mironov
CPC classification number: G01L1/241 , G01K1/20 , G01L11/02 , G01P15/093 , G12B7/00
Abstract: A sensitive element of a piezooptic measuring converter having an insert of a piezooptic material arranged between a foot and a base and rigidly attached thereto by means of their end portions constructed as a plurality of pins, which makes it possible to reduce thermal stresses in the insert more than 20-fold and thus reduce the temperature error of the piezooptic converter produced by these stresses.
Abstract translation: 压电测量转换器的敏感元件具有布置在脚和基座之间的压电材料的插入件，并通过构造为多个销的端部将其牢固地附接到其上，这使得可以降低插入件中的热应力 超过20倍，从而降低由这些应力产生的压电转换器的温度误差。
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228.发明授权Method and apparatus for indicating or measuring contact distribution over a surface 失效用于指示或测量表面上的接触分布的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US3966326A
公开(公告)日：1976-06-29
申请号：US559240
申请日：1975-03-17
Applicant: Maurice A. Brull , Mircea Arcan
Inventor： Maurice A. Brull , Mircea Arcan
CPC classification number: A61B5/1174 , G01G19/44 , G01L1/241
Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for indicating or measuring contact pressure distribution over a surface, in which method and apparatus, a pressure-transmitting member having a plurality of point-contact projections is used to transmit the contact pressure, in the form of a plurality of localized points, to a photoelastic member. The photoelastic member is one whose optical properties are changed when the member is subjected to pressure, and the changes in optical properties are optically displayed by directing polarized light onto the photoelastic member to produce interference patterns at the localized points of contact pressure.
Abstract translation: 描述了一种用于指示或测量表面上的接触压力分布的方法和装置，在该方法和装置中，具有多个点接触突起的压力传递构件用于传递接触压力，其形式为多个 的局部点，到光弹性成员。 光弹性构件是当构件经受压力时其光学特性改变的光弹性构件，并且通过将偏振光引导到光弹性构件上以在局部接触压力点处产生干涉图案来光学显示光学性质的变化。
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229.发明授权Piezo-optic measuring transducer and accelerometer, pressure gauge, dynamometer, and thermometer based thereon 失效压电光学测量传感器和加速度计，压力表，测功机和基于此的温度计
公开(公告)号：US3950987A
公开(公告)日：1976-04-20
申请号：US577005
申请日：1975-05-13
Applicant: Isaak Isaevich Slezinger , Georgy Mironovich Belitsky , Vladimir Alexandrovich Shiryaev , Jury Vasilievich Mironov , Natalia Lvovna Kaplinskaya
Inventor： Isaak Isaevich Slezinger , Georgy Mironovich Belitsky , Vladimir Alexandrovich Shiryaev , Jury Vasilievich Mironov , Natalia Lvovna Kaplinskaya
Abstract: A piezo-optic measuring transducer is disclosed herein and an accelerometer, a pressure gauge, a dynamometer, and a thermometer based thereon.The piezo-optic measuring transducer comprises two polarization-optical channels. Each of these channels includes the following components arranged in series downstream the luminous flux produced by a light source: a polarizer, an elastic element which is common to both channels and sensitive to stress variations therein caused by a variation in the measurand, an analyzer, and a photocell. Both channels are provided with a means for varying the intensity of the luminous flux incident upon one of the photocells which intensity variation is opposite in polarity to that in the luminous flux incident upon the other photocell. Both photocells are arranged in a differential relationship with the difference in the electrical signals produced thereby being representative of the measurand. An accelerometer, a pressure gauge, a dynamometer, and a thermometer can be provided on the basis of said transducer.
Abstract translation: 本文公开了一种压电光学测量传感器，其中包括加速度计，压力计，测力计和温度计。
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230.发明授权Method and apparatus for measuring optical properties in the surface of materials 失效用于测量材料表面光学特性的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US3510222A
公开(公告)日：1970-05-05
申请号：US3510222D
申请日：1966-12-08
Applicant: PPG INDUSTRIES INC
Inventor： SHAW HUGH E JR
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