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公开(公告)号：US4055481A
公开(公告)日：1977-10-25
申请号：US707949
申请日：1976-07-23
CPC分类号： C10G45/06 , C10G2400/14
摘要： Production of White Oils of sufficient purity to pass the Hot Acid Carbonizable Substances Test and Ultraviolet Absorbance Test is carried out in two stages utilizing lubricating oil feedstock of a broad range of viscosities. The first stage hydrogenation utilizes a sulfur-resistant catalyst which produces an intermediate product of lower viscosity than the starting feedstock. The second stage hydrogenation catalyst is nickel on alumina and is further characterized as having a BET surface area in the range of 130-190 m.sup.2 /g. SUBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION1. FIELD OF THE INVENTIONThis invention relates to a method for the production of highly refined oils called white oils from petroleum products, and more particularly to a novel two step process to produce white oils of pharmaceutical grade which will pass the Hot Acid Carbonizable Substances Test and Ultraviolet Absorbance Test.2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ARTWhite mineral oils called white oils are colorless, transparent, oily liquids obtained by the refining of crude petroleum feedstocks. In the production of white oils the petroleum feedstocks are refined to eliminate as completely as possible oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur compounds, reactive hydrocarbons including aromatics, and any other impurity which would prevent use of the resulting white oil in the pharmaceutical industry. White oils generally fall into two classes, that is, technical grade white oils which are used in cosmetics, textile lubrication, bases for insecticides and the like, and more highly refined pharmaceutical grade white oils such as used in drug compositions, foods and for the lubrication of food handling machinery. For such applications, the pharmaceutical grade white oils must be chemically inert and without color, odor or taste. The present invention is primarily concerned with the production of pharmaceutical grade white oils.The prior art is well aware of numerous processes for the production of white oils of both grades. In general, the first step in the production of white oil has been the removal of the lighter portions, such as gasoline, naphtha, kerosene, and light fractions, from the feedstock by fractional distillation. In the early processes the white oil was then refined by treatment with sulfuric acid to remove unsaturated aromatic and unstable hydroaromatic compounds which comprised most of the impurities present in the oil. Usually, the acid treated oil was then subject to adsorption refining to remove such impurities as carbon, coke, asphaltic substances, coloring matter and the like.The conventional methods of making white oils with sulfuric acid however, have been subject to objection in recent years since acid treating is costly and gives rise to unmanageable amounts of sludge comprising sulfuric acid aromatic adducts and thus environmental objections arise because of the attendant disposal and corrosion problems.Because of objections to sulfuric acid treatments, new procedures have been developed for the production of white oils from hydrocarbond feedstocks. Representative processes are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,629,096, 3,553,107, 3,673,078, U.S. Pat. No. R. 27,845, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,080,313 and 3,392,112. In general, all of these patents disclose production of white oils in generally highly refined states by subjecting the feedstocks to contact with various types of catalysts in one or more steps. In general, in the first step of these processes the feedstock is subjected to a hydrogenation treatment in the presence of a sulfur resistant catalyst to produce an intermediate product of reasonably low sulfur content. The intermediate product is then subjected to a second stage treatment in the presence of hydrogen and a sulfur sensitive catalyst in order to reduce aromatic compounds and produce a substantially pure product. In many of the prior art patents a third stage is then utilized by contacting the second stage product with sulfuric acid and/or adsorption in order to complete the purification and provide a white oil of sufficient purity to meet the pharmaceutical standards for food grade white oils.Of particular pertinence to the present invention is U.S. Pat. No. 3,392,112 to Bercik et al which discloses a method for manufacturing refined oils by a two stage process involving an initial stage of contacting a petroleum hydrocarbon feedback with a sulfur resistant hydrogenation catalyst under hydrogenation conditions to produce a partly hydrogenated intermediate product. Thereafter, the intermediate product is then contacted in a second hydrogenation stage with a sulfur-resistant catalyst comprising reduced nickel composited with a diatomaceous earth. According to the patent, this two stage system will provide a product having a very low sulfur content and having sufficient purity to pass the tests required by the pharmaceutical industry.The process of the present invention is an improvement on this prior process in that the catalyst used in the second stage of the process can be supported not only on Keiselguhr but also on alumina and thus the process is not subject to the specific requirements for using a diatomaceous earth catalyst support. Moreover, the process of the present invention can also be used on feedstocks having a wide range of viscosities to produce very highly refined white oils. Thus, the present invention provides a process of wide application in the art to provide a pharmaceutical grade white oil in a two stage treatment.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONIt is accordingly one object of this invention to provide a process for the production of pharmaceutical grade white oils.It is a further object to this invention to provide a two stage catalytic treatment of petroleum hydrocarbon feedstocks to produce highly pure pharmaceutical grade white oils.A still further object of the invention is to provide a two stage treatment of hydrocarbon feedstocks to produce refind white oils having sufficient purity to pass the Hot Acid Carbonizable Substances Test and Ultraviolet Absorbance Test without the necessity for further purification steps.A still further object of the invention is to provide a two step catalytic treatment of hydrocarbon feedstocks for the production of highly pure white oils for use in pharmaceutical applications utilizing a nickel catalyst in the second stage and without the necessity of additional treatment steps wherein the hydrocarbon feedstock used may have a wide range of viscosities.Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent as the description thereof proceeds.In satisfaction of the foregoing objects and advantages there is provided by this invention a method for the manufacture of highly refined pharmaceutical grade white oils by a two stage catalytic treatment which comprises subjecting a petroleum feedstock to a first stage hydrogenation in the presence of a sulfur resistant catalyst to effect desulfurization, and then contacting the product recovered from the first stage to a second stage hydrogenation treatment in the presence of a nickel catalyst on a support. The white oil product covered from the second stage is sufficiently pure to pass the Hot Acid Carbonizable Substances Test and Ultraviolet Absorbance Test without the necessity of additional treatment.
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22.发明授权Method for selection of mining and drilling sites using synthesized three dimensional seismic data 失效使用合成三维地震数据选择采矿和钻井现场的方法
公开(公告)号：US4866659A
公开(公告)日：1989-09-12
申请号：US24598
申请日：1987-03-09
申请人： Jia-Wen Lin , Tom C. Holloway
发明人： Jia-Wen Lin , Tom C. Holloway
CPC分类号： G01V1/32 , G01V1/282 , G01V2210/614
摘要： A method is disclosed for converting seismic data obtained at known points to synthesized seismic traces obtainable at arbitrarily selected points. Two dimensional seismic data are converted to dense three dimensional data with the aid of a programmed computer to permit generation of arbitrary views of a particular geologic structure as well as a mathematical representation of the structure. The data is used to locate potential drilling and mining locations for drilling oil or other minerals. In order to provide accurate interpolation from the sparse two dimensional data, both apparent and true dip characteristics are obtained for the surveyed structure, and seismic trace data for a desired point are synthesized as a function of the dip of the surveyed structure. The dip characteristics are obtained from partial derivatives of the two dimensional data in specified coordinate directions. A three dimensional surface corresponding to the dip characteristics is obtained by a least squares fitting technique. The data obtained at the known points are weighted both by distance from the desired point and the semblance coefficients associated with dip for these points to synthesize the desired data.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于将在已知点处获得的地震数据转换成可在任意选择的点可获得的合成地震迹线的方法。 二维地震数据借助于编程的计算机转换为致密的三维数据，以允许生成特定地质结构的任意视图以及结构的数学表示。 这些数据用于查找钻井油或其他矿物的潜在钻井和采矿地点。 为了从稀疏二维数据提供准确的插值，对于被测结构，获得了明显和真实的倾斜特性，并且根据被测结构的倾角来合成所需点的地震轨迹数据。 浸渍特性从指定坐标方向上的二维数据的偏导数获得。 通过最小二乘拟合技术获得与浸渍特性相对应的三维表面。 在已知点处获得的数据通过与期望点的距离和与这些点的倾斜相关联的相似系数加权，以合成所需数据。
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公开(公告)号：US4670500A
公开(公告)日：1987-06-02
申请号：US811882
申请日：1985-12-20
IPC分类号： C09D183/08 , C08K3/34
CPC分类号： C09D183/08
摘要： A surface coating composition comprising an amino-functional silicone polymer, a metal chelated acrylic polymer a hydrocarbon solvent and water. The metal-chelated acrylic polymer preferably comprises zinc, and the composition may further comprise abrasive materials, surfactants, thickeners and stabilizers. The surface coating composition is particularly adapted for providing a glossy and durable finish on a surface.
摘要翻译： 一种表面涂料组合物，其包含氨基官能的硅氧烷聚合物，金属螯合丙烯酸类聚合物，烃溶剂和水。 金属螯合的丙烯酸类聚合物优选包含锌，并且组合物还可以包含研磨材料，表面活性剂，增稠剂和稳定剂。 表面涂料组合物特别适于在表面上提供光泽和耐用的表面。
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公开(公告)号：US4623447A
公开(公告)日：1986-11-18
申请号：US761835
申请日：1985-08-02
CPC分类号： C10G33/04
摘要： Middle phase emulsions are broken by subjecting the emulsion to a first atmospheric distillation step to remove water, followed by a second vacuum distillation step to recover oil. The residue contains the surfactant. The atmospheric distillation is generally carried out by steam distillation.
摘要翻译： 通过使乳液进行第一常压蒸馏步骤除去水，然后进行第二次真空蒸馏步骤以回收油来破坏中间相乳液。 残留物含有表面活性剂。 常压蒸馏通常通过蒸汽蒸馏进行。
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公开(公告)号：US4609406A
公开(公告)日：1986-09-02
申请号：US647464
申请日：1984-09-05
CPC分类号： C23C22/00
摘要： A rust conversion composition comprises the reaction product of a polyhydroxybenzoic acid and a alkane polyol, in admixture with a film forming polymer, and water. The composition is applied to rusted, iron-containing surface, and allowed to dry to form a hard, moisture and corrosion resistant film. Alternatively, the film may be removed to produce an iron-containing surface free of rust.
摘要翻译： 锈变换组合物包含与成膜聚合物的混合物和水的多羟基苯甲酸和烷烃多元醇的反应产物。 将该组合物施用于生锈的含铁表面，并使其干燥以形成硬的，防潮和耐腐蚀的膜。 或者，可以除去膜以产生无铁锈的表面。
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公开(公告)号：US4397425A
公开(公告)日：1983-08-09
申请号：US150711
申请日：1980-05-19
申请人： Jerry W. Moore , James Allen
发明人： Jerry W. Moore , James Allen
IPC分类号： B02C19/08
CPC分类号： B02C19/08
摘要： A grinding apparatus for thoroughly crushing, particulating and/or fragmenting materials that are firm or soft. The apparatus is particularly suitable for grinding plant leaf tissue. The grinding apparatus includes a rotatable reamer and a cup for receiving the reamer. The reamer has teeth that form a grinding surface, these teeth extending radially outward from a center point of the grinding surface. A second set of teeth form the inner bottom surface of the cup and provide another grinding surface. The cup teeth correspond to the reamer teeth so as to mesh therewith and produce a camming action during rotation of the reamer.
摘要翻译： 用于彻底粉碎，颗粒化和/或破碎的材料的研磨设备，其是牢固或柔软的。 该设备特别适用于研磨植物叶组织。 磨削装置包括可旋转铰刀和用于接收铰刀的杯。 铰刀具有形成研磨表面的齿，这些齿从研磨表面的中心点径向向外延伸。 第二组齿形成杯的内底表面，并提供另一研磨表面。 杯齿对应于铰刀齿，以与其啮合并在铰刀旋转期间产生凸轮作用。
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公开(公告)号：US4086322A
公开(公告)日：1978-04-25
申请号：US608973
申请日：1975-08-29
申请人： Erhart K. Drechsel
发明人： Erhart K. Drechsel
IPC分类号： C01B33/10 , C01B25/18 , C01B25/22 , C01B25/223 , C01B25/234 , C01B25/30 , C01B25/32 , C01B25/46 , C01F11/22 , C01F11/46 , C05D9/02 , C01B25/16
CPC分类号： C01B25/003 , C01B25/01 , C01B25/185 , C01B25/22 , C01B25/223 , C01B25/234 , C01B25/30 , C01B25/303 , C01B25/328 , C01B25/46 , C01F11/22 , C05D9/02
摘要： A method is disclosed for the acidulation of phosphate rock and the production of substantially pure alkali metal phosphates, calcium phosphates, and phosphoric acid which are essentially free of fluorides and recovery of the fluorine values from the starting phosphate rock in useful form. The steps of the method comprise initial acidulation of phosphate rock with a phosphoric acid solution containing sufficient alkali metal values to provide R.sub.2 O in the system, where R is alkali metal, to solubilize the phosphates and form an insoluble precipitate comprising a mixture of impurities, sand (SiO.sub.2) and the fluorides, from which the fluorides can be recovered in usable form. In preferred embodiments, after removal of the precipitate containing the fluorides, a portion of the solution of phosphoric acid and calcium phosphate is reacted with sulfuric acid and RHSO.sub.4 or R.sub.2 SO.sub.4 where R is alkali metal, to form a solution of RH.sub.2 PO.sub.4 and phosphoric acid and at least a portion of the RH.sub.2 PO.sub.4 and phosphoric acid solution is recycled to the initial acidulation to provide the R.sub.2 O and phosphoric acid makeup. The remainder of the solution of calcium phosphate and phosphoric acid may be further processed for recovery of useful products such as monocalcium phosphate and/or dicalcium phosphate, phosphoric acid, alkali metal phosphates, and calcium sulfate.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于磷酸盐岩的酸化和基本上不含氟化物的基本上纯的碱金属磷酸盐，磷酸钙和磷酸的生产方法，并以有用的形式从原料磷酸盐岩中回收氟值。 该方法的步骤包括用含有足够碱金属值的磷酸溶液初始酸化磷酸盐岩，以在R为碱金属的体系中提供R 2 O，以溶解磷酸盐并形成不溶性沉淀，其包含杂质，砂 （SiO 2）和氟化物，氟化物可以从其中以可用形式回收。 在优选的实施方案中，在除去含有氟化物的沉淀物之后，将一部分磷酸和磷酸钙溶液与硫酸和RHSO 4或R 2 SO 4反应，其中R是碱金属，形成RH2PO4和磷酸的溶液，并在 将至少一部分RH2PO4和磷酸溶液再循环至初始酸化以提供R2O和磷酸的组成。 可以进一步处理磷酸钙和磷酸的其余溶液以回收有用的产物，例如磷酸一钙和/或磷酸二钙，磷酸，碱金属磷酸盐和硫酸钙。
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公开(公告)号：US4049893A
公开(公告)日：1977-09-20
申请号：US571613
申请日：1975-04-25
IPC分类号： C08F8/04
CPC分类号： C08F8/04 , Y10S585/946
摘要： This invention relates to a substantially hydrogen saturated hydrocarbon product formed by the hydrogenation of waxy polyethylene alpha-olefin having an average molecular weight of about 350 to about 900. The hydrogenation is conducted at pressures ranging from about 200 psig to about 1000 psig and at hydrogenating temperatures below about 750.degree. F in the presence of a conventional active hydrogenation catalyst. The resulting product may be utilized as a substitute for petroleum wax in the production of various compositions, such as carpet backing compositions, candle wax compositions, pressure sure sensitive tape, paper coating compositions, coatings for fruit, rust preventatives, cosmetics, and similar products. In such compositions the novel hydrogenated alpha olefins may be substituted for petroleum wax as customarily used or it may be used as an extender in any desired proportion with petroleum wax.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及通过氢化平均分子量为约350至约900的蜡状聚乙烯α-烯烃形成的基本上氢饱和的烃产物。氢化在约200psig至约1000psig的压力和氢化条件下进行 在常规活性氢化催化剂存在下，温度低于约750°F。 所得到的产品可用作生产各种组合物的石油蜡的替代品，例如地毯背衬组合物，蜡烛蜡组合物，压力敏感胶带，纸涂料组合物，水果涂料，防锈剂，化妆品和类似产品 。 在这种组合物中，新型氢化α-烯烃可以代替常规使用的石油蜡，或者它可以用石油蜡以任何所需比例用作增量剂。
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公开(公告)号：US3956464A
公开(公告)日：1976-05-11
申请号：US135297
申请日：1971-04-19
CPC分类号： C01B25/46 , C01B25/301 , C05B7/00
摘要： Potassium phosphates useful as fertilizer materials, are produced by the reaction of phosphate rock or a solubilized form thereof, concentrated sulfuric acid and potassium hydrogen sulfate wherein the potassium hydrogen sulfate is added in a controlled manner and preferably in admixture with at least a portion of the sulfuric acid, the precipitated calcium sulfate precipitate is removed and the filtrate processed for recovery of the potassium phosphates. In further embodiments, high-sulfate containing filtrates are treated to lower the sulfate ion content of the products and effect partial neutralization by any of several methods such as by treatment thereof with fresh phosphate rock or source of calcium ion such as calcium oxide, alternatively or successively, and the resulting solution is used as a fertilizer, or liquids are removed and the solids are dried and/or dehydrated for recovery of the potassium phosphate compounds. Also methods are provided for the addition of nitrogen values.
摘要翻译： 可用作肥料材料的磷酸钾通过磷酸盐岩或其溶解形式，浓硫酸和硫酸氢钾的反应产生，其中硫酸氢钾以受控的方式加入，优选与至少一部分 硫酸，除去沉淀的硫酸钙沉淀物，处理滤液以回收磷酸钾。 在另外的实施方案中，处理含高硫酸盐的滤液以降低产物的硫酸根离子含量并通过几种方法中的任何一种方法进行部分中和，例如通过用新鲜的磷酸盐岩或钙离子源如氧化钙处理，或者或 将所得溶液用作肥料，或者除去液体，并将固体干燥和/或脱水以回收磷酸钾化合物。 还提供了用于添加氮值的方法。
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公开(公告)号：US4670171A
公开(公告)日：1987-06-02
申请号：US705604
申请日：1985-02-26
申请人： Arpad M. Magyar
发明人： Arpad M. Magyar
CPC分类号： C11D17/0043 , C11D3/43
摘要： Detergent compositions for use in cleaning automotive surfaces, particularly whitewall tires, vinyl tops, and upholstery fabric material, comprise a sequestering agent, a wetting agent, a surfactant, a penetrant, a foam booster, and optionaly a perfume and/or coloring agent in an aqueous carrier. The composition is preferably placed in brush top aerosol cans for use as a cleaner.
摘要翻译： 用于清洁汽车表面，特别是白色轮胎，乙烯基顶层和室内装饰织物材料的洗涤剂组合物包含螯合剂，润湿剂，表面活性剂，渗透剂，泡沫增效剂和任选的香料和/或着色剂 水性载体。 组合物优选放置在刷顶气溶胶罐中用作清洁剂。
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