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公开(公告)号：US10887863B2
公开(公告)日：2021-01-05
申请号：US16805243
申请日：2020-02-28
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Eren Sasoglu , Joachim S. Hammerschmidt
Abstract: Some embodiments include an apparatus, method, and computer program product for secure time-of-arrivals calculations in an ultra-wideband (UWB) system. Some embodiments include a UWB receiver that can inspect a channel impulse response (CIR) between a first and second electronic device and identify one or more first path candidates (FPCs). For a candidate path, the UWB receiver can identify subsequent paths that create inter-pulse interference (IPI) on the candidate path. Using estimates for the interfering path strengths (e.g., channel coefficients from the CIR) and the known cryptographically sequence of pulse polarities (SPP), the UWB receiver can reduce the IPI from these interfering paths on the FPCs, and then make decisions based at least on the remaining pulse polarities, whether the one or more FPCs comprise a legitimate transmission signal.
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公开(公告)号：US20200092191A1
公开(公告)日：2020-03-19
申请号：US16133943
申请日：2018-09-18
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Alejandro J. Marquez , Shang-Te Yang , Mohit Narang , Indranil S. Sen , Joachim S. Hammerschmidt , Hung Kwan Oscar Au , Dineshan Poopalaratnam
Abstract: Methods for a data-less ranging procedure may include initiating a ranging procedure via a polling message transmitted at a first time and receiving response messages at second and third times. The time intervals between the first and second time and the second and third times may be pre-defined. A time of flight may be calculated based on the pre-defined time intervals and the first, second, and third times.
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公开(公告)号：US11757488B2
公开(公告)日：2023-09-12
申请号：US17573261
申请日：2022-01-11
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Joachim S. Hammerschmidt , Ersen Ekrem
IPC: H04B1/7163 , H04B1/719
CPC classification number: H04B1/71632 , H04B1/719
Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatuses are presented to transmit fragmented communication frames, such as fragmented ultra-wideband (UWB) frames. In some implementations, a communication frame may be divided into a plurality of fragments, and the fragments may be transmitted across a plurality of regulatory test intervals. E.g., each fragment may be transmitted within a mutually-exclusive regulatory test interval. In some implementations, each fragment may be constrained in time and/or transmission power, such that the total energy emitted during transmission of the fragment remains within a maximum energy limit defined for the regulatory test interval, e.g., by a regulatory entity. In some implementations, the sum of the energy emitted during transmission of two or more fragments may exceed the maximum energy limit defined for the regulatory test interval.
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公开(公告)号：US11729037B2
公开(公告)日：2023-08-15
申请号：US17453164
申请日：2021-11-01
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Joachim S. Hammerschmidt , Santhoshkumar Mani , Eren Sasoglu
CPC classification number: H04L27/26136 , H04L5/0098 , H04L27/0006 , H04L27/26025
Abstract: Techniques are provided for utilizing a hybrid of ultra-wideband (UWB) and narrowband (NB) signaling to provide more efficient operating range and operating efficiency. For example, a first device may transmit a packet via an NB signal to a second device, whereby the packet comprises information indicating a time period for reception of a plurality of fragments, respectively, via a UWB signal. The first device may then transmit a first fragment of the plurality of fragments to the second device via the UWB signal, whereby the first fragment comprises an intermediary base sequence, the intermediary base sequence being aperiodic and comprising a first set of first sequences and a second set of second sequences. In some embodiments, the intermediary base sequence may contain at least one gap interval that may be used to identify a signature of the link between the first device and the second device.
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公开(公告)号：US20210242901A1
公开(公告)日：2021-08-05
申请号：US17160688
申请日：2021-01-28
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Joachim S. Hammerschmidt , Ersen Ekrem
IPC: H04B1/7163 , H04B1/719
Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatuses are presented to transmit fragmented communication frames, such as fragmented ultra-wideband (UWB) frames. In some implementations, a communication frame may be divided into a plurality of fragments, and the fragments may be transmitted across a plurality of regulatory test intervals. E.g., each fragment may be transmitted within a mutually-exclusive regulatory test interval. In some implementations, each fragment may be constrained in time and/or transmission power, such that the total energy emitted during transmission of the fragment remains within a maximum energy limit defined for the regulatory test interval, e.g., by a regulatory entity. In some implementations, the sum of the energy emitted during transmission of two or more fragments may exceed the maximum energy limit defined for the regulatory test interval.
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Patent Agency Ranking
公开(公告)号：US10924303B2
公开(公告)日：2021-02-16
申请号：US16291973
申请日：2019-03-04
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Anuj Batra , Joachim S. Hammerschmidt , Eren Sasoglu
IPC: H04L25/02 , H04L9/06 , H04L9/08 , H04L25/03 , H04B1/711 , H04B7/0413 , G06F7/58 , H04L25/49 , H04B1/69 , H04B1/7163 , H04L9/12
Abstract: A secure training sequence (STS) is included in wireless packets communicated between electronic devices to assist with channel estimation and wireless ranging. The STS includes multiple STS segments generated based on outputs from a cryptographically secure pseudo-random number generator (CSPRNG), the STS segments being separated by guard intervals and formatted in accordance with an 802.15.4 data symbol format that uses burst position modulation (BPM) and binary phase shift keying (BPSK) to map bits from the CSPRNG to burst positions and pulse polarities for the STS symbols. Both a first electronic device, which generates the STS, and a second electronic device, which estimates a communication channel using the STS, have prior private knowledge of cryptographic keys required to generate a non-repetitive single-use pseudo-random (PR) sequence by the CSPRNG. The STS includes two burst position intervals per STS symbol and two possible burst positions within each burst position interval.
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公开(公告)号：US20200014526A1
公开(公告)日：2020-01-09
申请号：US16459733
申请日：2019-07-02
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Joachim S. Hammerschmidt , Eren Sasoglu
Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are presented to generate, and verify reception of, ultra wideband (UWB) communications, e.g., to perform secure UWB ranging. Verifier and prover messages may be encoded on top of random cryptographically secure training sequence (STS) of pulses, organized in blocks such that a given block corresponds to a given message bit. In some scenarios, a first STS may be encoded using a verifier message not known to a recipient device. A second STS may be received from the recipient device, encoded with an unknown prover message. A third STS may also be received, encoded with an authentication message generated using the verifier message and the authentication message. Verification of the authentication message can therefore confirm that the recipient device received the first STS, and that the recipient device is the authentic source of the second STS. Thus, the second STS may be relied upon, e.g., for ranging calculations.
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公开(公告)号：US10171129B1
公开(公告)日：2019-01-01
申请号：US15681968
申请日：2017-08-21
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Joachim S. Hammerschmidt , Eren Sasoglu
Abstract: Embodiments enable communicating Ultra Wideband (UWB) devices to collaborate by exchanging pulse shape information. The UWB devices use the pulse shape information to improve ranging accuracy. The improved ranging accuracy can be used in complex multipath environments where advanced estimation schemes are used to extract an arriving path for time-of-flight estimation. To determine the pulse shape information to be shared, some embodiments include determining location information of a UWB device and selecting the pulse shape information that satisfies regional aspects. The pulse shape information includes a time-zero index specific to a ranging signal that is used by UWB receivers to establish timestamps time-of-flight calculations. Some embodiments include measuring performance characteristics and selecting different pulse shape information based on the performance characteristics for improved accuracy.
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公开(公告)号：US20180091340A1
公开(公告)日：2018-03-29
申请号：US15713049
申请日：2017-09-22
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Konstantinos Sarrigeorgidis , Joachim S. Hammerschmidt
IPC: H04L27/20
CPC classification number: H04L27/2017 , H03M13/23 , H03M13/41 , H04L1/0054 , H04L1/0059 , H04L27/2014 , H04L27/2085 , H04L27/2332
Abstract: Systems and methods for efficient estimation of a most likely sequence are provided. In one embodiment, an electronic device includes most likely receiver circuitry that receives a convolutional encoded signal, generates a linearized representation of the convolutional encoded Gaussian minimum-shift keying signal, resulting in a pseudo-symbol stream, estimates a most likely sequence for the pseudo-symbol stream, and decodes the pseudo-symbol stream based upon the most likely sequence.
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公开(公告)号：US11995929B2
公开(公告)日：2024-05-28
申请号：US17660629
申请日：2022-04-25
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Lochan Verma , Arun Yadav , Joachim S. Hammerschmidt , Ayman F. Naguib , Su Khiong Yong , Yann Ly-Gagnon
IPC: G07C9/00
CPC classification number: G07C9/00309 , G07C2009/00412 , G07C2209/08 , G07C2209/63
Abstract: Methods and apparatus to support scheduled access control for an electronic lock are described herein. An initiating central wireless device obtains an ephemeral identity resolving key (IRK) to use in resolving an ephemeral resolvable private address (RPA) of a peripheral wireless device. The initiating central wireless device can subsequently connect securely to the peripheral wireless device in order to unlock an electronic lock controlled by the peripheral wireless device to gain access during a scheduled time period. The ephemeral IRK and ephemeral RPA can be used for a limited period of time and/or for a predetermined number of usages during the scheduled time period.
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