公开(公告)号：US20150226421A1

公开(公告)日：2015-08-13

申请号：US14617127

申请日：2015-02-09

申请人： Chetan Chothani ,  Charles Lockert ,  Bernard P. Breen ,  Alan DePaoli

发明人： Chetan Chothani ,  Charles Lockert ,  Bernard P. Breen ,  Alan DePaoli

IPC分类号： F23C1/04 ,  F23N1/00 ,  F23D17/00 ,  F23C1/08 ,  F23C1/10

CPC分类号： F23N1/005 ,  F01K5/02 ,  F23C1/08 ,  F23C1/12 ,  F23C2201/301 ,  F23C2900/07021 ,  F23D17/00 ,  F23D17/002 ,  F23D17/005 ,  F23N5/003 ,  F23N2025/00 ,  F23N2027/02

摘要： Methods for co-firing a fuel containing coal or oil that is injected into a burner in a furnace by injecting a gaseous fuel are disclosed. The gaseous fuel is injected in a manner so as not to consume air that would otherwise combine with the coal or oil in the primary flame. This can be accomplished by injecting the gaseous fuel at a higher or lower velocity than the coal or oil and combustion air are being injected. This can also be accomplished by directing the gaseous fuel being injected away from the primary flame created when the coal or oil burns.

摘要翻译： 公开了通过喷射气体燃料共同燃烧含有煤或油的燃料的方法，所述燃料或油被注入到炉中的燃烧器中。 气体燃料以不消耗否则与主火焰中的煤或油结合的空气的方式喷射。 这可以通过以比煤或油和燃烧空气被注入更高或更低的速度注入气体燃料来实现。 这也可以通过将气体燃料喷射离开当煤或油燃烧时产生的主要火焰来实现。

公开(公告)号：US06357367B1

公开(公告)日：2002-03-19

申请号：US09618782

申请日：2000-07-18

申请人： Bernard P. Breen ,  Jeffrey J. Sweterlitsch ,  James E. Gabrielson

发明人： Bernard P. Breen ,  Jeffrey J. Sweterlitsch ,  James E. Gabrielson

IPC分类号： F23J1100

CPC分类号： F23J15/003 ,  F23C2900/01001 ,  F23J2215/101

摘要： In an improved method for reducing nitrogen oxide emissions from a furnace wherein at least one injector is attached to the furnace above the primary combustion zone a biomass or biowaste and water slurry is injected into the flue gas through the injectors. The biowaste or a biomass material can be supplemented with a fixed nitrogen source.

摘要翻译： 在用于减少来自炉的氮氧化物排放的改进方法中，其中至少一个喷射器连接到主燃烧区上方的炉，生物质或生物废水和水浆通过喷射器注入烟道气中。 生物废物或生物质材料可以用固定氮源补充。

公开(公告)号：US06258336B1

公开(公告)日：2001-07-10

申请号：US09276910

申请日：1999-03-26

申请人： Bernard P. Breen ,  Harjit S. Hura

发明人： Bernard P. Breen ,  Harjit S. Hura

IPC分类号： C01B2120

CPC分类号： B01D53/56 ,  B01D53/79 ,  F23C6/047 ,  F23C2201/101 ,  F23C2201/301 ,  F23J7/00

摘要： In a furnace having a primary combustion zone for combustion of a fuel and oxidant, an in-furnace method for reducing nitrogen oxides in combustion products generated in the primary combustion zone in which at least one fluid fuel selected from the group consisting of natural gas, hydrogen, CxHy compounds, CxHyOz compounds and mixtures thereof in an amount in a range of about 2.0% to about 25% of a total heat input to the furnace and at least one nitrogenous compound selected from the group consisting of ammonia, amines, urea, cyanuric acid and mixtures thereof are injected into the furnace downstream of the primary combustion zone, forming an overall fuel-lean NOx-reduction zone.

摘要翻译： 在具有用于燃烧和氧化剂燃烧的初级燃烧区的炉子中，用于还原在主燃烧区产生的燃烧产物中的氮氧化物的炉内方法，其中至少一种选自天然气， 氢，C x H y化合物，C x H y O z化合物及其混合物，其量为输入炉内总热量的约2.0％至约25％，以及至少一种选自氨，胺，脲， 将氰尿酸及其混合物注入到主燃烧区下游的炉中，形成总体贫燃氮氧化物还原区。

公开(公告)号：US5568777A

公开(公告)日：1996-10-29

申请号：US359800

申请日：1994-12-20

申请人： Bernard P. Breen ,  John P. Bionda, Jr. ,  James E. Gabrielson ,  Anthony Hallo

发明人： Bernard P. Breen ,  John P. Bionda, Jr. ,  James E. Gabrielson ,  Anthony Hallo

IPC分类号： F23D1/00 ,  F23C1/10

CPC分类号： F23D1/00 ,  F23D2201/10 ,  F23D2201/20

摘要： An improved pulverized coal burner that reduces the formation of nitrogen oxides. The coal burner includes fuel splitters that separate a mixture of primary air and coal into a plurality of streams while the mixture is discharged through a diffuser having a plurality of partially open areas and a plurality of blocked areas. After passing through the diffuser, the plurality of streams are discharged into a furnace to be burned. The plurality of partially open areas and blocked areas are created by removing sections of the diffuser and replacing the removed sections with fuel splitters. Creation of these discrete streams delays mixing with secondary air. Because primary air is supplied in sub-stoichiometric quantities, the coal in these split streams will be burned under fuel-rich conditions for the first 100 to 200 milliseconds of combustion, until the delayed mixing of secondary air occurs. Combustion in a fuel-rich environment retards formation of nitrogen oxides in two ways. First, nitrogen that is part of the volatile matter that is evolved during the early stages of combustion will tend to form molecular nitrogen rather than react with oxygen to form nitrogen oxides. Second, an oxygen deficiency will reduce formation of nitrogen oxides from atmospheric nitrogen.

摘要翻译： 一种改进的粉煤燃烧器，可减少氮氧化物的形成。 煤燃烧器包括燃料分配器，其将一次空气和煤的混合物分离成多个流，同时通过具有多个部分开放区域和多个阻塞区域的扩散器排出混合物。 在通过扩散器之后，将多个流排出到待燃烧的炉中。 通过去除扩散器的部分并且用燃料分离器代替去除的部分来产生多个部分开放区域和阻塞区域。 这些离散流的创建延迟了与二次空气的混合。 由于一次空气以亚化学计量的方式供应，这些分流中的煤将在富燃料条件下燃烧第一个100至200毫秒的燃烧，直到发生二次空气的延迟混合。 在富含燃料的环境中的燃烧有两种方式阻碍了氮氧化物的形成。 首先，作为在燃烧的早期阶段演化的挥发性物质的一部分的氮将倾向于形成分子氮而不是与氧反应形成氮氧化物。 第二，缺氧会减少氮氧化物从大气氮的形成。

公开(公告)号：US5546874A

公开(公告)日：1996-08-20

申请号：US362290

申请日：1994-12-22

申请人： Bernard P. Breen ,  John P. Bionda, Jr. ,  James E. Gabrielson ,  Roger W. Glickert ,  Anthony Hallo

发明人： Bernard P. Breen ,  John P. Bionda, Jr. ,  James E. Gabrielson ,  Roger W. Glickert ,  Anthony Hallo

IPC分类号： F23C5/00 ,  F23C1/10

CPC分类号： F23C5/00 ,  F23C2201/102 ,  F23C2900/05081

摘要： A method and apparatus for reducing the formation of nitrogen oxides during combustion in a roof-fired furnace is disclosed. By blocking at least some of the fuel nozzles associated with a roof-fired burner while leaving open the secondary air openings associated with the blocked fuel nozzles, reduction in NOX emissions from roof-fired furnaces is accomplished. This blocking results in the creation of a localized fuel-rich or just slightly fuel-lean environment near open fuel nozzles because part of the secondary air needed for combustion is being added at a location distant from where the initial combustion occurs. By creating a localized fuel-rich or slightly fuel-lean environment near the open fuel nozzles, the initial stages of combustion occur with little or no excess oxygen present. Because much of the fuel-bound nitrogen is liberated during the initial stages of combustion, it will preferentially react to form molecular nitrogen rather than nitrogen oxides because of the lack of available oxygen. Further, by the time all the secondary air is mixed with the pulverized coal to complete substantially the combustion, the flame temperature will have been sufficiently lowered by heat transfer to the boiler tubes that thermal formation of nitrogen oxides will be reduced. This invention works well in those roof-fired furnaces where individual burners are composed of multiple fuel nozzles and the fuel nozzles eject primary air and fuel between boiler tubes which form the furnace roof.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于在屋顶燃烧炉中燃烧期间减少氮氧化物形成的方法和装置。 通过阻挡与屋顶燃烧的燃烧器相关联的至少一些燃料喷嘴，同时打开与堵塞的燃料喷嘴相关联的二次空气开口，从而实现了屋顶燃烧炉的NO x排放的减少。 这种阻塞导致在打开的燃料喷嘴附近产生局部富燃料或仅略微贫燃环境，因为燃烧所需的二次空气的一部分被添加在远离初始燃烧发生的位置。 通过在敞开的燃料喷嘴附近产生局部的富含燃料或稍微贫燃的环境，燃烧的初始阶段几乎没有或没有过量的氧存在。 由于大部分燃料结合的氮在燃烧的初始阶段被释放，由于缺乏可用的氧，它将优先反应形成分子氮而不是氮氧化物。 此外，当所有的二次空气与粉煤混合以完全燃烧时，通过传递到锅炉管的火焰温度将被充分降低，氮氧化物的热形成将被减少。 本发明在那些屋顶燃烧炉中工作良好，其中单个燃烧器由多个燃料喷嘴组成，并且燃料喷嘴在形成炉顶的锅炉管之间喷射一次空气和燃料。

公开(公告)号：US5078064A

公开(公告)日：1992-01-07

申请号：US623782

申请日：1990-12-07

申请人： Bernard P. Breen ,  Steven E. Winberg ,  James E. Gabrielson ,  James C. McMichael

发明人： Bernard P. Breen ,  Steven E. Winberg ,  James E. Gabrielson ,  James C. McMichael

IPC分类号： F23C1/12

CPC分类号： F23C1/12 ,  Y02E20/344

摘要： An apparatus and method for reducing nitrogen oxide emissions from furnace flue gas is provided in which natural gas or other fluid fuel which has little or no fixed nitrogen is introduced into the upper portion of the furnace. The fuel diffuses by laminar or turbulent diffusion into oxygen-rich flue gas where it reacts with oxygen and nitric oxide to form CO.sub.2, H.sub.2 O and N.sub.2, thus reducing the nitrogen oxide emissions from the furnace. In this manner, the amount of nitrogen oxide in the flue gas is reduced. The apparatus and method can be easily applied to new furnaces or retrofitted on existing furnaces.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于减少炉烟气中的氮氧化物排放的装置和方法，其中将天然气或具有很少或不固定氮的其它流体燃料引入炉的上部。 燃料通过层流或湍流扩散扩散到富氧烟气中，与氧气和一氧化氮反应形成CO2，H2O和N2，从而减少了炉内的氮氧化物排放。 以这种方式，烟气中的氮氧化物的量减少。 该设备和方法可以方便地应用于新的炉子或在现有的炉子上进行改造。

公开(公告)号：US5042404A

公开(公告)日：1991-08-27

申请号：US576980

申请日：1990-09-04

申请人： Richard C. Booth ,  Bernard P. Breen ,  Roger W. Glickert

发明人： Richard C. Booth ,  Bernard P. Breen ,  Roger W. Glickert

IPC分类号： F23C1/00

CPC分类号： F23C1/00 ,  F23C2900/99004

摘要： An improved method for burning carbonaceous material containing sulfur to reduce emissions of SO.sub.2 is disclosed wherein the carbonaceous material is projected into a furnace as one or more streams and each stream is continuously ignited with a volatile fuel such as natural gas, oil, liquefied petroleum gas or naptha. The volatile fuel is supplied separately from the carbonaceous material and is directed into each stream of the carbonaceous material as it enters the furnace so as to cause the material to be enveloped in a reducing atmosphere during its volatilization. In consequence, at least a portion of the sulfur contained in the carbonaceous material is retained within the ash slag in its reduced or sulfide form.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于燃烧含硫的碳质材料以减少SO 2排放的改进方法，其中碳质材料作为一个或多个流投射到炉中，并且每个流都用挥发性燃料如天然气，油，液化石油气连续点燃 或石脑油。 挥发性燃料与碳质材料分开供给，并且在碳质材料进入炉中时被导入碳质材料的每个流中，以便使材料在其挥发期间被包围在还原气氛中。 因此，含碳材料中所含的硫的至少一部分以其还原或硫化物形式保留在灰渣内。

公开(公告)号：US4223615A

公开(公告)日：1980-09-23

申请号：US931457

申请日：1978-08-07

申请人： Bernard P. Breen ,  Arlen W. Bell

发明人： Bernard P. Breen ,  Arlen W. Bell

IPC分类号： F23D1/02

CPC分类号： F23D1/02 ,  Y02E20/344

摘要： An improved burner for reducing formation of nitric oxide in pulverized fuel furnaces, particularly coal furnaces. Aerodynamic spoilers extend into the wake of the primary air and fuel line to produce fuel-rich and air-rich zones near the burner. Less near-burner adiabatic combustion occurs and that which does occur, occurs fuel-rich. This reduces both the thermal formation of NO.sub.x and the chemically bound fuel nitrogen conversion to NO.sub.x. The improved apparatus may be readily added to existing burners with a minimum of modification, or incorporated into new burner designs.

摘要翻译： 一种改进的燃烧器，用于减少粉煤燃料炉，特别是煤炉中一氧化氮的形成。 空气动力学扰流板延伸到主要空气和燃料管线之后，以在燃烧器附近产生富燃料和富含空气的区域。 发生不太接近燃烧的绝热燃烧，发生的燃烧发生燃料丰富。 这减少了NOx的热形成和化学结合的燃料氮转化成NOx。 改进的装置可以以最少的修改容易地添加到现有的燃烧器中，或者被并入到新的燃烧器设计中。

公开(公告)号：US20100037678A1

公开(公告)日：2010-02-18

申请号：US12540010

申请日：2009-08-12

申请人： Chetan Chothani ,  Charles A. Lockert ,  Bernard P. Breen

发明人： Chetan Chothani ,  Charles A. Lockert ,  Bernard P. Breen

IPC分类号： G01N25/00

CPC分类号： G01N27/14 ,  G01N25/68 ,  G01N33/0042

摘要： In a method of determining amounts of condensable species present in a gas containing condensable species a probe is placed into a gas containing condensable species. The probe has a plurality of spaced apart contacts on an outer non-conductive surface. That surface is heated at a selected heating rate and then cooled at a selected cooling rate over a selected time period. During that time period current flow between the contacts and the temperature of the non-conductive surface is monitored over the selected time period. Peaks in a plot of the current flow over the selected time period and the temperature for the time corresponding to each peak are then correlated to the condensable species has a kinetic dew point at each identified temperature. The identified temperature for each identified species is compared to a predetermined correlation of dew point temperature and concentration for that species to determine the concentration of that condensable species present in the gas.

摘要翻译： 在确定存在于含有可冷凝物质的气体中的可冷凝物质的量的方法中，将探针置于含有可冷凝物质的气体中。 探针在外部非导电表面上具有多个间隔开的接触。 将该表面以选定的加热速率加热，然后在选定的时间段内以选定的冷却速率冷却。 在该时间段期间，在所选择的时间段内监测触点之间的电流和非导电表面的温度。 然后在所选择的时间段内的电流曲线的峰值和对应于每个峰值的时间的温度的峰值与可冷凝物质相关联，在每个识别的温度下具有动态露点。 将每个鉴定物种的鉴定温度与该物质的露点温度和浓度的预定相关性进行比较，以确定气体中存在的可冷凝物质的浓度。

公开(公告)号：US06213032B1

公开(公告)日：2001-04-10

申请号：US09385992

申请日：1999-08-30

申请人： Bernard P. Breen ,  James E. Gabrielson

发明人： Bernard P. Breen ,  James E. Gabrielson

IPC分类号： F23J1500

CPC分类号： B01D53/56 ,  F23J15/003

摘要： An in-furnace method and apparatus reduces nitrogen oxides in flue gas by injecting an oil water emulsion into flue gas so that the oil and water mixes with said flue gas. The emulsion has from 35% to 80% water and is injected in sufficient quantities to provide enough oil to promote a reaction between the nitrogen oxides in the flue gas and the oil, so as to reduce nitrogen oxide content of the flue gas and to maintain overall fuel lean conditions above the primary combustion zone. The emulsion preferably is atomized before injection and may also be injected in jet streams. Other materials such as limestone, ammonia and urea could be added to the oil water emulsion prior to injection.

摘要翻译： 炉内方法和装置通过将油水乳液注入烟气中来减少烟道气中的氮氧化物，使得油和水与所述烟道气混合。 该乳液具有35％至80％的水，并且足够注入以提供足够的油以促进烟气中的氮氧化物和油之间的反应，以便减少烟道气的氮氧化物含量并维持 整体燃料贫乏状况高于主燃烧区。 乳液优选在注射之前被雾化并且也可以以喷射流注入。 其它材料如石灰石，氨和尿素可以在注射前加入到油水乳液中。