Abstract:
The disclosed embodiments include an optical fiber having a graphene coating, a method to apply a graphene coating onto an optical fiber, and a fiber optic cable having a graphene coating. In one embodiment, the optical fiber includes an optical core that extends along a longitudinal axis. The optical fiber also includes a carbon based coating that covers the optical core along the longitudinal axis. The optical fiber also includes a layer of graphene formed on a first surface of the carbon based coating. The layer of graphene is formed from a laser induction process that includes focusing a laser beam at the carbon based coating to photothermally convert the first surface of the carbon based coating into graphene.
Abstract:
Reelable sensors arrays are independently fabricated separate from a downhole tubular. The sensor arrays are then reeled together onto a spool. At the well site, the sensor array is unreeled from the spool and attached to the tubular as it is deployed downhole, resulting in a fast and efficient method of sensor deployment.
Abstract:
An electric field sensing system, in some embodiments, comprises a magnetic shield, an optical magnetometer shielded from external magnetic fields by the magnetic shield, a conductive coil proximate to the optical magnetometer, and first and second electrodes coupled to opposite ends of the coil. The electrodes are disposed outside of the magnetic shield. The conductive coil generates a magnetic field within the optical magnetometer when electrical current passes through the conductive coil.
Abstract:
A sensing system includes plurality of sensors along the lengths of input and output optical fibers. Each sensor receives broadband pulses from the input fiber, dynamically senses a plurality of physical parameters in a one-to-one correspondence with a plurality of predefined wavelength bands, and forms signal pulses from the broadband pulses by transmitting only a single wavelength within each wavelength band. Each single wavelength has a dynamically-varying peak wavelength value indicative of the corresponding sensed physical parameter. The signal pulses from the output optical fiber are directed into one or more interferometers, which produce a phase deviation corresponding to each dynamically-varying peak wavelength value.
Abstract:
Methods and systems for effectively sealing a fiber optic line to a pressure gauge device are disclosed. A pressure gauge device has an outer body, a reference volume within the outer body and a pressure sensor having a first side and a second side. The first side of the pressure sensor is exposed to a pressure inlet and the second side of the pressure sensor is exposed to the reference volume. A fiber optic line is coupled to the pressure gauge device using a feedthrough device. The fiber optic line comprises a first fiber optic line portion located within the feedthrough device, a second fiber optic line portion located within the reference volume and a third fiber optic line portion located within a cable located outside the pressure gauge device and coupled to the feed through device. The first fiber optic line portion comprises a first Fiber Bragg Grating (“FBG”).
Abstract:
A sensing system includes plurality of sensors along the lengths of input and output optical fibers. Each sensor receives broadband pulses from the input fiber, dynamically senses a plurality of physical parameters in a one-to-one correspondence with a plurality of predefined wavelength bands, and forms signal pulses from the broadband pulses by transmitting only a single wavelength within each wavelength band. Each single wavelength has a dynamically-varying peak wavelength value indicative of the corresponding sensed physical parameter. The signal pulses from the output optical fiber are directed into one or more interferometers, which produce a phase deviation corresponding to each dynamically-varying peak wavelength value.
Abstract:
A distributed control system can be used to implement failover capabilities for control units that control well equipment during a well operation. For example, a system can include first well equipment that performs a first physical task and second well equipment that performs a second physical task different from the first physical task. Additionally, the system can include a distributed control system with a first control unit coupled to the first well equipment and a second control unit coupled to the second well equipment. Both control units may include a first control module and a second control module for automatically controlling the first physical task and the second physical task, respectively. The distributed control system can detect a failure of the second control unit and initiate a failover process in which the first control unit takes over control of the second physical task by enabling the second control module.
Abstract:
Fluid characteristics of a well fluid can be monitored. For example, a computing device can receive sensor signals from an acoustic sensor positioned on a well tool. The sensor signals can indicate characteristics of acoustic emissions generated by a well fluid impacting the well tool. The computing device can determine an acoustic signature for the well fluid using the characteristics of the acoustic emissions. The computing device can determine a difference between the acoustic signature a baseline acoustic-signature for the well fluid. The computing device can determine one or more fluid characteristics of the well fluid using the difference between the acoustic signature and the baseline acoustic-signature. The computing device can transmit a notification indicating the one or more fluid characteristics.
Abstract:
An apparatus includes a processor and a machine-readable medium having program code to cause the apparatus to obtain a first dictionary based on a first training set of signals and determine a first subset of the first training set of signals based on a training reconstruction accuracy threshold and the first dictionary, wherein each atom in the first dictionary includes at least one of a signal pattern and a function representing the signal pattern. The program code also includes code to generate a second dictionary based on a second training set of signals, wherein the second training set of signals includes the first subset of the first training set of signals.
Abstract:
Electromagnetic field monitoring methods and systems for obtaining data corresponding to subsurface rock formations. An electromagnetic field monitoring system includes an electromagnetic transmitter located downhole in a well bore and configured to radiate electromagnetic radiation into a subsurface formation; a fiber optic cable coupled with a fiber optic interrogator, the at least one fiber optic cable and the interrogator located at the surface; and an array of electromagnetic sensors integrally formed in the fiber optic cable and configured to detect the electromagnetic radiation radiated through the subsurface formation. A method of detecting electromagnetic radiation at the surface of an oil well includes transmitting, from an electromagnetic transmitter, electromagnetic radiation into a subsurface formation; and sensing, from the subsurface formation, electromagnetic radiation at the surface of the oil well.