公开(公告)号：US20050185253A1

公开(公告)日：2005-08-25

申请号：US10786665

申请日：2004-02-25

Applicant: Mario Rabinowitz ,  David Overhauser

Inventor： Mario Rabinowitz ,  David Overhauser

IPC: F24J2/10 ,  F24J2/54 ,  G02B26/00

CPC classification number: G02B26/00 ,  F24S23/70 ,  F24S23/77 ,  F24S30/425 ,  F24S2023/85 ,  F24S2023/87 ,  F24S2023/872 ,  Y02E10/47

Abstract: Due to an ever growing shortage of conventional energy sources, there is an increasingly intense interest in harnessing solar energy. The instant invention can contribute to the goal of achieving environmentally clean solar energy to be competitive with conventional energy sources. A novel method is described for manufacturing a transparent sheet with an embedded array of mirrored spheroidal micro-balls for use in a solar energy concentrator, and analogous applications such as optical switches and solar rocket assist. The micro-balls are covered with a thin spherical shell of lubricating liquid so that they are free to rotate in an almost frictionless encapsulation in the sheet. Novel method and apparatus are presented for producing the preferred embodiment of a close-packed monolayer of the array of mirrored micro-balls.

Abstract translation: 由于常规能源不断增加，对太阳能利用的兴趣日益增加。 本发明可以有助于实现环境清洁太阳能与常规能源竞争的目标。 描述了用于制造具有用于太阳能集中器的镜像球墨微球的嵌入阵列的透明片的新颖方法，以及诸如光开关和太阳能火箭辅助的类似应用。 微球用润滑液体的薄球形壳体覆盖，使得它们在片材中几乎无摩擦的封装中自由旋转。 提出了用于制造镜面微球阵列的紧密单层的优选实施方案的新方法和装置。

公开(公告)号：US5687271A

公开(公告)日：1997-11-11

申请号：US213872

申请日：1994-03-15

Applicant: Mario Rabinowitz

Inventor： Mario Rabinowitz

IPC: G02B6/44

CPC classification number: G02B6/4419 ,  G02B6/4416 ,  G02B6/4422 ,  G02B6/4488

Abstract: Method and apparatus are presented for providing an electric field-free region for fiber optic cables in near proximity to high voltage power lines by means of a conducting electrical shield at the same voltage as the power line. An electric field-free region is still provided even if the electrical shield is omitted, by having the wires of the power line completely surround the fiber optic cable. An electric field-free region is also provided by embedding the optical fiber inside each wire of the power line. The electric field free region for a fiber optic cable prevents electrical treeing and other undesirable effects that would make the cable inoperable.

Abstract translation: 提供了用于通过与电力线相同的电压的导电电屏蔽为靠近高压电力线的光纤电缆提供无电场区域的方法和装置。 即使省略电气屏蔽，仍然通过使电力线的电线完全包围光纤电缆，仍然提供无电场区域。 还通过将光纤嵌入电力线的每根线内而提供无电场区域。 用于光纤电缆的无电场区域可防止电气树木和其他不利影响，从而使电缆不可操作。

公开(公告)号：US4487996A

公开(公告)日：1984-12-11

申请号：US446193

申请日：1982-12-02

Applicant: Mario Rabinowitz ,  E. Robert Perry

Inventor： Mario Rabinowitz ,  E. Robert Perry

IPC: H01B9/02

CPC classification number: H01B9/027

Abstract: An electrical coaxial cable is disclosed herein including an inner conductor and a concentric outer conductor electrically insulated from one another by means of a layer of dielectric material disposed therebetween. A series of concentric layers of electrically conductive polymer material serve to shield the insulation layer from the inner and outer conductors and also divide the insulation layer into individual concentric segments.

Abstract translation: 本文公开了一种电同轴电缆，其包括通过设置在它们之间的介电材料层彼此电绝缘的内导体和同心外导体。 导电聚合物材料的一系列同心层用于屏蔽绝缘层与内导体和外导体，并将绝缘层分成单独的同心部分。

公开(公告)号：US20090159074A1

公开(公告)日：2009-06-25

申请号：US11963686

申请日：2007-12-21

Applicant: Mario Rabinowitz

Inventor： Mario Rabinowitz

IPC: F24J2/38 ,  G02B26/08

CPC classification number: G02B5/08 ,  F24S23/80 ,  F24S30/48 ,  F24S2023/85 ,  Y02E10/47

Abstract: This invention deals with novel method and apparatus for positioning and motion control of the elements (mirrors) of a Fresnel reflector solar concentrator tracking heliostat array wherein the elements are suspended with the center of mass below the swivel point, or have an internal-swivel. This achieves an advantageous natural vertical stability. The torque to produce angular deflection, and rotational motion is provided separately by an electric wind force due to electrons, ions, and/or neutrals; or in combination with an induced and/or permanent dipole coupling to an electronic grid. Thus forces and torques are produced without the use of internal moving parts such as in motors. The instant invention exceeds the capability of conventional systems. It is ideally suited for maximization of solar energy focused by a low-profile concentrator array onto a receiver. Since there are no internal moving parts, the instant invention provides less costly and greater ease of manufacture. Dynamic motion can be controlled over a wide range of dimensions from nanometers to decimeters.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及用于定位和运动控制菲涅尔反射器太阳能聚光器跟踪定日镜阵列的元件（反射镜）的新颖方法和装置，其中元件以质心悬置在旋转点下方或具有内旋转。 这实现了有利的自然垂直稳定性。 产生角度偏转的转矩和旋转运动由于电子，离子和/或中性的电风力分开提供; 或者与诱导和/或永久偶极耦合到电子网格的组合。 因此，在不使用诸如电动机的内部移动部件的情况下产生力和扭矩。 本发明超出常规系统的能力。 它非常适合将由低调集中器阵列聚焦的太阳能最大化到接收器上。 由于没有内部移动部件，本发明提供了更低的成本和更大的制造容易性。 动态运动可以在从纳米到分米的宽范围内进行控制。

公开(公告)号：US20090101136A1

公开(公告)日：2009-04-23

申请号：US11874816

申请日：2007-10-18

Applicant: Mario Rabinowitz

Inventor： Mario Rabinowitz

IPC: F24J2/40

CPC classification number: H01L31/0547 ,  F24S20/20 ,  F24S23/30 ,  F24S23/70 ,  F24S50/00 ,  F24S50/20 ,  F24S2023/872 ,  Y02B10/20 ,  Y02E10/41 ,  Y02E10/47 ,  Y02E10/52

Abstract: This invention deals with novel method and apparatus for positioning and motion control of the elements (mirrors) of a Fresnel reflector solar concentrator tracking heliostat array by rapid-response motorless linear motion, angular deflection, and rotational motion utilizing electric wind force due to electrons, ions, and/or neutrals. Thus forces and torques are produced without the use of internal moving parts. Control is achieved without recourse to magnetic fields, by means of high electric fields which may be attained at relatively low voltages. At low voltages, the instant invention exceeds the capability of conventional systems. It can perform dynamic motion control over a wide range of dimensions and signal bandwidth with independent amplitude and frequency modulation. It is ideally suited for maximization of solar energy focused by the array onto a receiver. Since there are no internal moving parts, the instant invention is the most adapted for fabrication at the micro and nanotechnology realms. Furthermore it provides less costly and greater ease of manufacture from the nano-to the macro-realm.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及用于利用电子引起的电风力的快速响应无电机直线运动，角度偏转和旋转运动来定位和运动控制菲涅尔反射器太阳能集中器的元件（反射镜）的新方法和装置， 离子和/或中性粒子。 因此，在不使用内部移动部件的情况下产生力和扭矩。 通过可在相对较低的电压下获得的高电场实现控制，而无需借助于磁场。 在低电压下，本发明超出常规系统的能力。 它可以通过独立的幅度和频率调制在宽范围的尺寸和信号带宽上执行动态运动控制。 它非常适合将由阵列聚焦的太阳能最大化到接收器上。 由于没有内部移动部件，本发明最适用于微纳米技术领域的制造。 此外，它从纳米到宏观领域的制造成本更低，更容易制造。

公开(公告)号：US20090073541A1

公开(公告)日：2009-03-19

申请号：US11857668

申请日：2007-09-19

Applicant: Mario Rabinowitz

Inventor： Mario Rabinowitz

IPC: G02F1/167

CPC classification number: G02F1/29 ,  F24S23/77 ,  F24S23/82 ,  F24S2023/85 ,  F24S2023/872 ,  F24S2030/11 ,  G02B26/026 ,  G02F1/19 ,  Y02E10/40

Abstract: This invention provides a better means to achieve affordable solar energy. It does so by increasing the efficiency and capacity of control grids (for addressing and alignment) in solar concentrators, and similar equipment. Method and apparatus are described for going from a 25% grid efficiency and capacity to a more than 90% grid efficiency and capacity. The instant invention relates to improvements in the control (addressing and alignment) grid for Solar Energy Concentrators, and similar equipment. The control grid acts to address and align active optical elements such as mirrored balls, electrophoretic, and magnetophoretic cells in solar concentrators [e.g. cf. U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,133,183 and 6,843,573 by M. Rabinowitz]. This invention also reduces the cost of transistor grids by greatly reducing the number of grid junctions and hence the number and cost of transistors. Moreover, the present invention simplifies the grid making it more feasible to use the same voltage supply sequentially to further reduce costs, rather than having multiple voltage sources.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供了一种更好的手段来实现负担得起的太阳能。 它通过提高太阳能集中器和类似设备中控制网格（用于寻址和对准）的效率和容量来实现。 描述了从25％的电网效率和容量到90％以上的电网效率和容量的方法和装置。 本发明涉及太阳能集中器和类似设备的控制（寻址和对准）网格的改进。 控制网格用于解决和对准太阳能集中器中的有源光学元件，例如镜像球，电泳和磁电泳细胞[例如， 参考 美国专利 M.Rabinowitz编号7,133,183和6,843,573]。 本发明还通过大大减少晶格结的数量以及晶体管的数量和成本来降低晶体管栅极的成本。 此外，本发明简化了电网，使得依次使用相同的电压源以进一步降低成本而不是具有多个电压源是更可行的。

公开(公告)号：US20090032088A1

公开(公告)日：2009-02-05

申请号：US11833965

申请日：2007-08-03

Applicant: Mario Rabinowitz

Inventor： Mario Rabinowitz

IPC: H01L31/042 ,  C09J183/04

CPC classification number: H01L31/0547 ,  H01L31/048 ,  H01L31/0481 ,  H01L31/0543 ,  Y02E10/52

Abstract: This invention increases the longevity and performance of solar concentrators, optical switches; and reflection, illumination, and projection equipment in general. To achieve long lifetimes this equipment is sealed to prevent egress of internal lubricant or ingress of undesirable fluids. The rotational elements are sealed to increase their abrasion resistance. Many plastic materials if not sealed as taught in the instant invention are vulnerable to UV degradation, static dust attraction, poor weatherability, and ineffective abrasion resistance resulting in damage in the field and during cleaning. This invention improves the above optical equipment by sealing them with a tough, thin, transparent film. Even in equipment with no internal lubricant, tailored sealants as described in the instant invention can improve the performance of the mirrored elements, Fresnel lenses, and parabolic reflectors. For all the devices, the sealant of the instant invention hardens the surface to prevent scratching, and furthermore can be tailored to be an anti-fogant to keep water vapor off.

Abstract translation: 本发明增加了太阳能集中器，光开关的寿命和性能; 以及反射，照明和投影设备。 为了实现长寿命，该设备被密封以防止内部润滑剂的流出或不期望的流体进入。 旋转元件被密封以增加其耐磨性。 许多塑料材料如果不是本发明所述的密封容易受到UV降解，静电吸尘，差的耐候性和无效的耐磨性，导致现场和清洁过程中的损坏。 本发明通过用坚硬，薄的透明膜密封上述光学设备来改进上述光学设备。 即使在没有内部润滑剂的设备中，如本发明所述的定制密封剂可以提高镜像元件，菲涅耳透镜和抛物面反射器的性能。 对于所有装置，本发明的密封剂使表面硬化以防止划伤，此外可以调整为防雾剂以防止水蒸汽脱落。

公开(公告)号：US20080111258A1

公开(公告)日：2008-05-15

申请号：US11559770

申请日：2006-11-14

Applicant: Mario Rabinowitz

Inventor： Mario Rabinowitz

IPC: B32B37/30

CPC classification number: G02B26/026 ,  F24S23/77 ,  F24S23/82 ,  F24S30/40 ,  F24S2023/85 ,  F24S2023/872 ,  Y02E10/47

Abstract: Method and apparatus are presented for the mass production manufacturing of planar mirrors inside transparent micro balls circumscribed by lubricated bearings for solar energy concentration and related applications such as optical switches, etc. These bearings permit rotational alignment of the balls with minimal friction. The preferred mass production process utilizes photolithography in an optical microlithographic photoresist process. The micro-balls are in the size range of ˜1 micron (1×10-6 m) to 1000 microns (1 mm). The micro-balls vary in geometry from spheres to cylinders to oblate ellipsoids to disks. The term “elements” is used to encompass all these shapes, which have one thing in common—a flat specularly reflecting mirrored surface. An important aspect of the manufacturing process is the containment of the mirrored micro-balls in the interior of lubricated bearings which are preferably concentric with the balls, which circumscribed concentricity can also be preferably accomplished by a microlithographic process.

Abstract translation: 提出了用于太阳能集中的润滑轴承和诸如光学开关等相关应用的外部透明微球内的平面镜的大规模生产制造的方法和装置。这些轴承允许滚珠以最小的摩擦进行旋转对准。 优选的批量生产方法在光学微光刻胶工艺中使用光刻法。 微球的尺寸范围为〜1微米（1×10-6米）至1000微米（1mm）。 微球的几何形状从球体到圆柱体不同，以椭圆形到圆盘。 术语“元素”用于包含所有这些形状，它们有一个共同点 - 平面镜面反射镜面。 制造过程的一个重要方面是将润滑轴承的内部中的镜像微球容纳在优选与球同心的位置，该外接的同心度也可优选地通过微光刻工艺实现。

公开(公告)号：US06964486B2

公开(公告)日：2005-11-15

申请号：US10762813

申请日：2004-01-22

Applicant: Mario Rabinowitz

Inventor： Mario Rabinowitz

IPC: F24J2/10 ,  F24J2/54 ,  G02B7/182 ,  G02B26/00

CPC classification number: F24S30/425 ,  F24S23/70 ,  F24S2023/85 ,  F24S2023/87 ,  F24S2023/872 ,  Y02E10/47

Abstract: Due to an ever growing shortage of conventional energy sources, there is an increasingly intense interest in harnessing solar energy. The instant invention is concerned with method and apparatus for the alignment of solar concentrator micro-mirrors and the maximization of the percentage of incident light that is reflected to the receiver. Novel method and apparatus are taught for operating the addressing and alignment micro-optics solar concentrator system for single-axis and two-axis tracking. Broadly this invention deals with novel concepts used for alignment in the focussing of light wherever mirrors are used for focussing such as for solar propulsion assist, illumination and projection of light, optical switching, etc. A particularly important objective is the focussing of sunlight for solar power conversion and production. The instant invention can contribute to the goal of achieving environmentally clean solar energy on a large enough scale to be competitive with conventional energy sources.

Abstract translation: 由于常规能源不断增加，对太阳能利用的兴趣日益增加。 本发明涉及用于对准太阳能集中器微反射镜的方法和装置以及被反射到接收器的入射光的百分比的最大化。 教授了新的方法和装置，用于操作用于单轴和双轴跟踪的寻址和对准微光学太阳能集中器系统。 广泛地说，本发明涉及用于聚焦光的对准的新颖概念，无论何时使用反射镜用于聚焦，例如用于太阳能推进辅助，照明和投射光，光学切换等。一个特别重要的目标是将太阳聚焦于太阳 电力转换生产。 本发明可以有助于在足够大的规模上实现环境清洁太阳能以与常规能源竞争的目标。

公开(公告)号：US20050168850A1

公开(公告)日：2005-08-04

申请号：US10770087

申请日：2004-01-31

Applicant: Mario Rabinowitz ,  Felipe Garcia

Inventor： Mario Rabinowitz ,  Felipe Garcia

IPC: F24S23/70 ,  G02B26/08 ,  G02B26/00

CPC classification number: G02B26/0841 ,  F24S23/70 ,  F24S2023/85 ,  F24S2023/87 ,  Y02E10/40

Abstract: Due to an ever growing shortage of conventional energy sources, there is an increasingly intense interest in harnessing solar energy. The instant invention is concerned with method and apparatus for the group alignment of solar concentrator micro-mirrors and the maximization of the percentage of incident light that is reflected to the receiver. Novel method and apparatus are taught for the alignment in large groups or ensembles of micro-mirrors of a micro-optics solar concentrator system for single-axis and two-axis tracking. Broadly this invention deals with novel concepts used for alignment in the focussing of light wherever mirrors are used for focussing such as for solar propulsion assist, illumination and projection of light, optical switching, etc. A particularly important objective is the focussing of sunlight for solar power conversion and production. The instant invention can contribute to the goal of achieving environmentally clean solar energy on a large enough scale to be competitive with conventional energy sources.

Abstract translation: 由于常规能源不断增加，对太阳能利用的兴趣日益增加。 本发明涉及用于太阳能集中器微反射镜的组对准的方法和装置以及被反射到接收器的入射光的百分比的最大化。 教授了用于单轴和双轴跟踪的微光学太阳能集中器系统的大型组或微镜的整体对准的新颖方法和装置。 广泛地说，本发明涉及用于聚焦光的对准的新颖概念，无论何时使用反射镜用于聚焦，例如用于太阳能推进辅助，照明和投射光，光学切换等。一个特别重要的目标是将太阳聚焦于太阳 电力转换生产。 本发明可以有助于在足够大的规模上实现环境清洁太阳能以与常规能源竞争的目标。