公开(公告)号：US07345553B2

公开(公告)日：2008-03-18

申请号：US10805005

申请日：2004-03-18

申请人： John Edwin Berberian ,  Leonard S. Cutler ,  Miao Zhu

发明人： John Edwin Berberian ,  Leonard S. Cutler ,  Miao Zhu

IPC分类号： H03B17/00 ,  H03S1/06

CPC分类号： H03L7/26 ,  G04F5/14 ,  G04F5/145

摘要： An apparatus and method for measuring CPT is disclosed. The apparatus includes a quantum absorber that is irradiated by radiation from an electromagnetic radiation source. The quantum absorber includes a material that exhibits CPT. The electromagnetic radiation source generates electromagnetic radiation having first and second CPT-generating frequency components. The first CPT-generating frequency component has a frequency νL−ν, and a first CPT component amplitude. The second CPT generating frequency component has a frequency νL+ν and a second CPT component amplitude. The apparatus also includes a detector for generating a detector signal related to the power of electromagnetic radiation that leaves the quantum absorber. The detector signal exhibits an asymmetry as a function of frequency ν in a frequency range about a frequency ν0. The apparatus includes an asymmetry servo loop that alters one of νL, the first CPT component amplitude, and the second CPT component amplitude to reduce the asymmetry.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于测量CPT的装置和方法。 该装置包括由来自电磁辐射源的辐射照射的量子吸收器。 量子吸收器包括展示CPT的材料。 电磁辐射源产生具有第一和第二CPT产生频率分量的电磁辐射。 第一CPT产生频率分量具有频率nuL-nu和第一CPT分量幅度。 第二CPT产生频率分量具有频率nuLL + nu和第二CPT分量振幅。 该装置还包括用于产生与离开量子吸收器的电磁辐射功率相关的检测器信号的检测器。 检测器信号表现出在频率nu <0> 0的频率范围内作为频率nu的函数的不对称性。 该装置包括不对称伺服环路，其改变第一CPT分量振幅和第二CPT分量振幅中的一个，以减小不对称性。

公开(公告)号：US20070097377A1

公开(公告)日：2007-05-03

申请号：US11264205

申请日：2005-11-01

申请人： Carol Courville ,  Miao Zhu ,  Kerry Bagwell

发明人： Carol Courville ,  Miao Zhu ,  Kerry Bagwell

IPC分类号： G01B9/02

CPC分类号： G02F1/332 ,  G01B9/02003 ,  G01B2290/70 ,  G02F2201/16

摘要： A light source system includes a beam source generating a first input beam of light with first and second beam components. The first component has a first linear polarization and a first frequency. The second component has a second linear polarization and a second frequency. The first and second linear polarizations are orthogonal. An anisotropic acousto-optic modulator (AOM) is positioned to receive the first input beam. The AOM is operable to change the polarization and frequency of the first and the second beam components in response to a control signal, and thereby generate first and second output beams corresponding to the first and second components, respectively.

摘要翻译： 光源系统包括用第一和第二光束分量产生第一输入光束的光束源。 第一分量具有第一线性极化和第一频率。 第二分量具有第二线性极化和第二频率。 第一和第二线性极化是正交的。 定位各向异性声光调制器（AOM）以接收第一输入光束。 AOM可操作以响应于控制信号改变第一和第二光束分量的偏振和频率，从而分别产生对应于第一和第二分量的第一和第二输出光束。

公开(公告)号：US06359917B1

公开(公告)日：2002-03-19

申请号：US09588032

申请日：2000-06-05

申请人： Leonard S. Cutler ,  Miao Zhu

发明人： Leonard S. Cutler ,  Miao Zhu

IPC分类号： H01S313

CPC分类号： G04F5/14

摘要： A detection signal that quantifies a resonant interaction between a quantum absorber and incident electro-magnetic radiation is generated. The quantum absorber is irradiated with the incident electro-magnetic radiation. The quantum absorber absorbs a portion of the incident electro-magnetic radiation and generates fluorescent electro-magnetic radiation in response to it. The quantum absorber additionally transmits the unabsorbed portion of the incident electro-magnetic radiation. The unabsorbed portion of the incident electro-magnetic radiation is detected to generate a first signal that has a first signal-to-noise ratio. The fluorescent electro-magnetic radiation is detected to generate a second signal that has a second signal-to-noise ratio. The first signal and the second signal are combined to generate the detection signal. The detection signal has a signal-to-noise ratio greater than the first signal-to-noise ratio and the second signal-to-noise ratio.

摘要翻译： 产生量子吸收器和入射电磁辐射之间共振相互作用的检测信号。 用入射的电磁辐射照射量子吸收器。 量子吸收器吸收一部分入射的电磁辐射，并响应于此产生荧光电磁辐射。 量子吸收器另外传输入射电磁辐射的未吸收部分。 检测入射电磁辐射的未吸收部分以产生具有第一信噪比的第一信号。 检测荧光电磁辐射以产生具有第二信噪比的第二信号。 第一信号和第二信号被组合以产生检测信号。 检测信号的信噪比大于第一信噪比和第二信噪比。

公开(公告)号：US07809518B2

公开(公告)日：2010-10-05

申请号：US12336553

申请日：2008-12-17

申请人： Miao Zhu ,  John C. Eidson

发明人： Miao Zhu ,  John C. Eidson

IPC分类号： G01R35/00 ,  G01R1/02

CPC分类号： G01R35/005

摘要： An instrument including a device, a transducer and a calibration module is disclosed. The device produces a reference time and/or a reference frequency. The transducer converts the reference time and/or the reference frequency to a reference signal. The calibration module adjusts an output signal generated by the instrument and/or a result of a measurement taken by the instrument, based on the reference signal. A system including the instrument and a method of calibrating the instrument are also disclosed.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种包括设备，换能器和校准模块的仪器。 该装置产生参考时间和/或参考频率。 换能器将参考时间和/或参考频率转换为参考信号。 基于参考信号，校准模块调节仪器生成的输出信号和/或由仪器进行的测量结果。 还公开了一种包括仪器和校准仪器的方法的系统。

公开(公告)号：US20100150288A1

公开(公告)日：2010-06-17

申请号：US12336548

申请日：2008-12-17

申请人： Miao Zhu ,  John C. Eidson

发明人： Miao Zhu ,  John C. Eidson

IPC分类号： H04L7/00

CPC分类号： H04J3/0638 ,  H03L7/22 ,  H04J3/0658 ,  H04J3/0667

摘要： Two or more local-oscillator-equipped instruments connected to a network are disclosed. Among the instruments, one instrument is designated as the master instrument and the rest, slave instruments. A master clock signal generated by the local oscillator of the master instrument is used by the slave instruments, through the network, to discipline their own local oscillators to generate slave clock signals that are synchronized to the master clock signal.In one embodiment, in the slave instrument, the master clock signal from the master instrument is used as a reference to generate slave clock signals. In another embodiment, the phases of the slave clock signals are adjusted to compensate for the phase difference between the slave clock signals and the master clock signal.

摘要翻译： 公开了连接到网络的两个或多个本地振荡器配备的仪器。 仪器中，一种仪器被指定为主仪器，其余仪器被称为仪器。 由主仪器的本地振荡器产生的主时钟信号由从属仪器通过网络使用来管理自己的本地振荡器以产生与主时钟信号同步的从时钟信号。 在一个实施例中，在从设备中，来自主仪器的主时钟信号用作产生从时钟信号的参考。 在另一个实施例中，从时钟信号的相位被调整以补偿从时钟信号和主时钟信号之间的相位差。

公开(公告)号：US20070146722A1

公开(公告)日：2007-06-28

申请号：US11316855

申请日：2005-12-23

申请人： William Trutna ,  Geraint Owen ,  Alan Ray ,  James Prince ,  Eric Johnstone ,  Miao Zhu ,  Leonard Cutler

发明人： William Trutna ,  Geraint Owen ,  Alan Ray ,  James Prince ,  Eric Johnstone ,  Miao Zhu ,  Leonard Cutler

IPC分类号： G01B9/02

CPC分类号： G01D5/266 ,  G01D5/38

摘要： An apparatus and method for measuring displacement includes a light beam directed to an interferometer core that splits the light beam into first and second component beams. The first component beam is directed to a diffraction grating at approximately a Littrow angle. A diffraction is received by the interferometer core and is combined with the second component beam. The combination of the first and second component beams is measured to determine displacement of the diffraction grating.

摘要翻译： 用于测量位移的装置和方法包括指向干涉仪芯的光束，其将光束分成第一和第二分量光束。 第一分量光束以大约Littrow角度被引导到衍射光栅。 衍射由干涉仪芯接收并与第二分量光束组合。 测量第一和第二分量光束的组合以确定衍射光栅的位移。

公开(公告)号：US06993058B2

公开(公告)日：2006-01-31

申请号：US10425138

申请日：2003-04-28

申请人： Miao Zhu

发明人： Miao Zhu

IPC分类号： H01S3/08

CPC分类号： G04F5/14 ,  G04F5/145

摘要： A CPT detector and a method for detecting CPT are disclosed. The CPT detector includes a quantum absorber, a polarization analyzer, and a detector. The quantum absorber includes a material having first and second low energy states coupled to a common high energy state. Transitions between the first low energy state and the common high energy state and between the second low energy state and the common high energy state are induced by electromagnetic radiation having a predetermined polarization state. The polarization analyzer blocks electromagnetic radiation of the predetermined polarization while passing electromagnetic radiation having a polarization state that is orthogonal to the predetermined polarization. The polarization analyzer is irradiated with a portion of the generated electromagnetic radiation that has passed through the quantum absorber. The detector generates a signal related to the intensity of electromagnetic radiation that leaves the polarization analyzer.

摘要翻译： 公开了CPT检测器和检测CPT的方法。 CPT检测器包括量子吸收器，偏振分析器和检测器。 量子吸收器包括具有耦合到共同的高能量状态的第一和第二低能量状态的材料。 在具有预定极化状态的电磁辐射下，引起第一低能量状态与共同高能态之间以及第二低能态与共同高能状态之间的转变。 偏振分析仪阻止预定极化的电磁辐射，同时通过具有与预定极化正交的偏振状态的电磁辐射。 用已经通过量子吸收器的所产生的电磁辐射的一部分照射偏振分析器。 检测器产生与离开偏振分析仪的电磁辐射强度有关的信号。

公开(公告)号：US06597497B2

公开(公告)日：2003-07-22

申请号：US09972146

申请日：2001-10-04

申请人： Shih-Yuan Wang ,  Miao Zhu

发明人： Shih-Yuan Wang ,  Miao Zhu

IPC分类号： H01S300

CPC分类号： B82Y20/00 ,  H01S5/3413 ,  H01S5/50 ,  H01S5/5027 ,  H01S5/5063 ,  H01S5/5072 ,  H01S2301/02

摘要： A semiconductor optical amplifier with increased gain stability is described, comprising a signal waveguide that guides an optical signal along a signal path that intersects with one or more transverse laser cavities. A gain medium of the signal waveguide is integral with a gain medium of the transverse laser cavities at regions of intersection between the signal waveguide and the transverse laser cavities, resulting in gain-stabilized operation when the transverse laser cavities are biased above threshold. Successive transverse laser cavities are separated along the signal path by connecting zones having a higher electrical resistivity than the transverse laser cavities, providing a measure of electrical isolation between the transverse laser cavities and reducing parasitic lasing modes among them. The transverse laser cavities may be provided with separate bias currents for precise control of gain along the signal path. In another preferred embodiment, the transverse laser cavities are segmented in the direction of the lasing field into multiple segments with separate electrical contacts. For certain applications, one or more of the transverse laser cavities may be kept dark near its end mirrors to impede lasing and causing the gain medium to have a nonlinear gain profile for that transverse laser cavity, while other transverse laser cavities along the signal path maintain linear gain profiles. Preferred embodiments with reduced amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise are also described.

摘要翻译： 描述了具有增加的增益稳定性的半导体光放大器，其包括沿着与一个或多个横向激光腔相交的信号路径引导光信号的信号波导。 信号波导的增益介质与信号波导和横向激光腔之间的交叉区域处的横向激光腔的增益介质是一体的，当横向激光腔偏置在阈值以上时，增益稳定的操作。 通过连接具有比横向激光腔更高的电阻率的区域，沿着信号路径分离连续的横向激光腔，从而提供横向激光腔之间的电绝缘的测量，并减少它们之间的寄生激光模式。 横向激光腔可以设置有单独的偏置电流，用于精确控制沿着信号路径的增益。 在另一个优选实施例中，横向激光腔在激光场的方向上被划分成具有分开的电触点的多个段。 对于某些应用，横向激光腔中的一个或多个可以在其后视镜附近保持暗，以阻止激光并使增益介质对该横向激光腔具有非线性增益分布，而沿信号路径的其它横向激光腔保持 线性增益曲线。 还描述了具有降低的放大自发发射（ASE）噪声的优选实施例。

公开(公告)号：US06363091B1

公开(公告)日：2002-03-26

申请号：US09588045

申请日：2000-06-05

申请人： Miao Zhu ,  Leonard S. Cutler

发明人： Miao Zhu ,  Leonard S. Cutler

IPC分类号： H01S313

CPC分类号： G04F5/145 ,  G04F5/14

摘要： A quantum absorber is provided having transitions that include a first transition between a first lower quantum state and an upper quantum state, and a second transition between a second lower quantum state and the upper quantum state. The first transition and the second transition have energies that correspond to frequencies of &ohgr;1 and &ohgr;2, respectively. The lower quantum states differ in energy by an energy difference subject to a total a.c. Stark shift. Incident electro-magnetic radiation is generated. The incident electro-magnetic radiation includes main frequency components and additional frequency components. The main frequency components are at frequencies of &OHgr;1 and &OHgr;2, equal to &ohgr;1 and &ohgr;2, respectively, and differ in frequency by a frequency difference. The additional frequency components collectively have a spectrum. The quantum absorber is irradiated with the incident electro-magnetic radiation. Electro-magnetic radiation from the quantum absorber is detected to generate a detection signal. The frequency difference is controlled to obtain an extremum in the detection signal. The extremum indicates that the frequency difference corresponds to the energy difference between the lower quantum states. The spectrum of the additional frequency components is set to reduce the magnitude of the total a.c. Stark shift, and a frequency standard signal related in frequency to the frequency difference is provided.

摘要翻译： 提供量子吸收器，其具有包括第一低量子态和上量子态之间的第一跃迁以及第二较低量子态与上量子态之间的第二跃迁的跃迁。 第一转变和第二转换分别具有对应于ω1和ω2的频率的能量。 较低的量子状态在能量上不同，能量差异受到总的交流电压的影响。 斯塔克转变 产生入射电磁辐射。 事件电磁辐射包括主频率分量和附加频率分量。 主要频率分量分别为OMEGA1和OMEGA2的频率，分别等于ω1和ω2，并且频率不同频率差。 附加频率分量共同地具有频谱。 用入射的电磁辐射照射量子吸收器。 检测来自量子吸收器的电磁辐射以产生检测信号。 控制频差以在检测信号中获得极值。 极值表示频差对应于较低量子态之间的能量差。 设置附加频率分量的频谱以减小总直流电平的大小。 提供了斯塔克移位，并且提供了频率与频率差相关的频率标准信号。

公开(公告)号：US06359916B1

公开(公告)日：2002-03-19

申请号：US09587717

申请日：2000-06-05

申请人： Miao Zhu

发明人： Miao Zhu

IPC分类号： H01S313

CPC分类号： H03L7/26 ,  G04F5/14 ,  G04F5/145

摘要： The frequency standard comprises a quantum absorber, source of incident electr-omagnetic radiation, detector, controller and signal output. The quantum absorber has a transition between a lower quantum state split by hyperfine interaction into two lower sub-state groups of at least one lower sub-state, and an upper quantum split by hyperfine interaction into upper sub-state groups of at least one upper sub-state. None of the upper sub-state groups is a cycling transition sub-state group having at least one allowed electric dipole transition to one lower sub-state group but none to the other. The upper quantum state differs in energy from a first lower sub-state in one of the lower sub-state groups and from a second lower sub-state in the other of the lower sub-state groups by energy differences that correspond to frequencies of &ohgr;1 and &ohgr;2, respectively. The source is arranged to irradiate the quantum absorber with the incident electro-magnetic radiation that includes two main frequency components having frequencies equal to &ohgr;1 and &ohgr;2. The detector generates a detection signal in response to electro-magnetic radiation from the quantum absorber. The controller is responsive to the detection signal and controls the source to generate the main frequency components with a frequency difference that obtains an extremum in the detection signal. The extremum indicates that the frequency difference corresponds to an energy difference between the first and second lower sub-states. The signal output provides a frequency standard signal related in frequency to the frequency difference.

摘要翻译： 频率标准包括量子吸收器，入射电磁辐射源，检测器，控制器和信号输出。 量子吸收器具有在通过超精细相互作用分裂成具有至少一个较低子状态的两个较低子状态组之间的较低量子态之间的转变，以及通过超精细相互作用将上部量子分裂成至少一个上部的上部子状态组 子状态。 上部子状态组中没有一个是具有至少一个允许的电偶极子跃迁到一个较低子状态组而不是另一个的循环过渡子状态组。 上部量子态与下一个子状态组之一的第一较低子状态和另一个下部子状态组中的第二较低子状态的能量不同，该能量差对应于ω1的频率 和omega2。 源被设置为用包括两个频率等于ω1和ω2的两个主频率分量的入射电磁辐射照射量子吸收器。 检测器响应于来自量子吸收器的电磁辐射而产生检测信号。 控制器响应于检测信号并控制源以产生具有在检测信号中获得极值的频率差的主频率分量。 极值表示频率差对应于第一和第二较低子状态之间的能量差。 信号输出提供频率与频差有关的频率标准信号。