公开(公告)号：US20070146722A1

公开(公告)日：2007-06-28

申请号：US11316855

申请日：2005-12-23

申请人： William Trutna ,  Geraint Owen ,  Alan Ray ,  James Prince ,  Eric Johnstone ,  Miao Zhu ,  Leonard Cutler

发明人： William Trutna ,  Geraint Owen ,  Alan Ray ,  James Prince ,  Eric Johnstone ,  Miao Zhu ,  Leonard Cutler

IPC分类号： G01B9/02

CPC分类号： G01D5/266 ,  G01D5/38

摘要： An apparatus and method for measuring displacement includes a light beam directed to an interferometer core that splits the light beam into first and second component beams. The first component beam is directed to a diffraction grating at approximately a Littrow angle. A diffraction is received by the interferometer core and is combined with the second component beam. The combination of the first and second component beams is measured to determine displacement of the diffraction grating.

摘要翻译： 用于测量位移的装置和方法包括指向干涉仪芯的光束，其将光束分成第一和第二分量光束。 第一分量光束以大约Littrow角度被引导到衍射光栅。 衍射由干涉仪芯接收并与第二分量光束组合。 测量第一和第二分量光束的组合以确定衍射光栅的位移。

公开(公告)号：US07440113B2

公开(公告)日：2008-10-21

申请号：US11316855

申请日：2005-12-23

申请人： William R Trutna, Jr. ,  Geraint Owen ,  Alan B Ray ,  James Prince ,  Eric Stephen Johnstone ,  Miao Zhu ,  Leonard S Cutler

发明人： William R Trutna, Jr. ,  Geraint Owen ,  Alan B Ray ,  James Prince ,  Eric Stephen Johnstone ,  Miao Zhu ,  Leonard S Cutler

IPC分类号： G01D5/36 ,  G01N11/02

CPC分类号： G01D5/266 ,  G01D5/38

摘要： An apparatus and method for measuring displacement includes a light beam directed to an interferometer core that splits the light beam into first and second component beams. The first component beam is directed to a diffraction grating at approximately a Littrow angle. A diffraction is received by the interferometer core and is combined with the second component beam. The combination of the first and second component beams is measured to determine displacement of the diffraction grating.

摘要翻译： 用于测量位移的装置和方法包括指向干涉仪芯的光束，其将光束分成第一和第二分量光束。 第一分量光束以大约Littrow角度被引导到衍射光栅。 衍射由干涉仪芯接收并与第二分量光束组合。 测量第一和第二分量光束的组合以确定衍射光栅的位移。

公开(公告)号：US20080225262A1

公开(公告)日：2008-09-18

申请号：US11686855

申请日：2007-03-15

申请人： William Clay Schluchter ,  Miao Zhu ,  Geraint Owen ,  Alan B. Ray ,  Carol J. Courville

发明人： William Clay Schluchter ,  Miao Zhu ,  Geraint Owen ,  Alan B. Ray ,  Carol J. Courville

IPC分类号： G01C3/08 ,  G02B5/18 ,  G02B5/30

CPC分类号： G01D5/38 ,  G01D5/28 ,  G03F7/70775

摘要： A displacement measurement apparatus includes a light source, a splitter grating, a measurement grating, and first a second detector arrays. The splitter grating splits a light beam into first and second measurement channels that each illuminates the measurement grating. The first and second measurement channels split into 0th and 1st order diffraction products at the measurement grating in a first pass and recombine at the measurement grating in a second pass before being measured at the first and second detector arrays.

摘要翻译： 位移测量装置包括光源，分离器光栅，测量光栅以及第一检测器阵列。 分离器光栅将光束分成第一和第二测量通道，每个测量通道照亮测量光栅。 第一和第二测量通道在第一次通过时在测量光栅处分裂为0和/或1阶衍射产物，并在第二次通过期间在测量光栅处重新组合，之后为 在第一和第二检测器阵列处测量。

公开(公告)号：US07545507B2

公开(公告)日：2009-06-09

申请号：US11686855

申请日：2007-03-15

申请人： William Clay Schluchter ,  Miao Zhu ,  Geraint Owen ,  Alan B. Ray ,  Carol J. Courville

发明人： William Clay Schluchter ,  Miao Zhu ,  Geraint Owen ,  Alan B. Ray ,  Carol J. Courville

IPC分类号： G01B11/02

CPC分类号： G01D5/38 ,  G01D5/28 ,  G03F7/70775

摘要： A displacement measurement apparatus includes a light source, a splitter grating, a measurement grating, and first a second detector arrays. The splitter grating splits a light beam into first and second measurement channels that each illuminates the measurement grating. The first and second measurement channels split into 0th and 1st order diffraction products at the measurement grating in a first pass and recombine at the measurement grating in a second pass before being measured at the first and second detector arrays.

摘要翻译： 位移测量装置包括光源，分离器光栅，测量光栅以及第一检测器阵列。 分离器光栅将光束分成第一和第二测量通道，每个测量通道照亮测量光栅。 第一和第二测量通道在第一次通过时在测量光栅处分裂为第0和第1级衍射产物，并且在第一和第二检测器阵列测量之前在第二遍中在测量光栅处重新组合。

公开(公告)号：US20050207456A1

公开(公告)日：2005-09-22

申请号：US10805005

申请日：2004-03-18

申请人： John Berberian ,  Leonard Cutler ,  Miao Zhu

发明人： John Berberian ,  Leonard Cutler ,  Miao Zhu

IPC分类号： G01N21/39 ,  G04F5/14 ,  H03K17/945 ,  H03L7/26 ,  H01S3/113

CPC分类号： H03L7/26 ,  G04F5/14 ,  G04F5/145

摘要： An apparatus and method for measuring CPT is disclosed. The apparatus includes a quantum absorber that is irradiated by radiation from an electromagnetic radiation source. The quantum absorber includes a material that exhibits CPT. The electromagnetic radiation source generates electromagnetic radiation having first and second CPT-generating frequency components. The first CPT-generating frequency component has a frequency νL−ν, and a first CPT component amplitude. The second CPT generating frequency component has a frequency νL+ν and a second CPT component amplitude. The apparatus also includes a detector for generating a detector signal related to the power of electromagnetic radiation that leaves the quantum absorber. The detector signal exhibits an asymmetry as a function of frequency ν in a frequency range about a frequency ν0. The apparatus includes an asymmetry servo loop that alters one of νL, the first CPT component amplitude, and the second CPT component amplitude to reduce the asymmetry.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于测量CPT的装置和方法。 该装置包括由来自电磁辐射源的辐射照射的量子吸收器。 量子吸收器包括展示CPT的材料。 电磁辐射源产生具有第一和第二CPT产生频率分量的电磁辐射。 第一CPT产生频率分量具有频率nuL-nu和第一CPT分量幅度。 第二CPT产生频率分量具有频率nuLL + nu和第二CPT分量振幅。 该装置还包括用于产生与离开量子吸收器的电磁辐射功率相关的检测器信号的检测器。 检测器信号表现出在频率nu <0> 0的频率范围内作为频率nu的函数的不对称性。 该装置包括不对称伺服环路，其改变第一CPT分量振幅和第二CPT分量振幅中的一个，以减小不对称性。

公开(公告)号：US20060083277A1

公开(公告)日：2006-04-20

申请号：US10968264

申请日：2004-10-18

申请人： Miao Zhu ,  Leonard Cutler ,  John Berberian

发明人： Miao Zhu ,  Leonard Cutler ,  John Berberian

IPC分类号： H01S3/14

CPC分类号： H01S3/1392 ,  H01S3/1394 ,  H01S3/1398

摘要： An apparatus for generating a stabilized frequency signal is disclosed. The apparatus includes a quantum absorber having first, second, and third energy states. The quantum absorber is irradiated by a first radiation source that generates electromagnetic radiation having a frequency, νL, that induces transitions between the first and third energy states. The quantum absorber is also irradiated by a second radiation source that generates electromagnetic radiation having a frequency, νM, that induces transitions between the first and second energy states. A detector that generates a detector signal indicative of the level of radiation leaving the quantum absorber in a frequency range including νL is used by a number of servo loops. One of the servo loops determines the value of νL that minimizes or maximizes the detector signal and a second servo loop determines an offset signal that reduces the dependence of νM on the intensity of the first radiation source.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于产生稳定频率信号的装置。 该装置包括具有第一，第二和第三能量状态的量子吸收器。 量子吸收器被产生电磁辐射的第一辐射源照射，该辐射源具有在第一和第三能量状态之间产生转变的频率，nu L。 量子吸收器也被产生电磁辐射的第二辐射源照射，该辐射源具有在第一和第二能量状态之间产生转变的频率n N M M M。 通过多个伺服回路使用产生指示离开量子吸收器的辐射水平的检测器信号的检测器信号在包括nuL L的频率范围内。 伺服环路中的一个确定使检测器信号最小化或最大化的nu L的值，并且第二伺服环路确定减小nu < 第一辐射源的强度。

公开(公告)号：US20080304079A1

公开(公告)日：2008-12-11

申请号：US12172810

申请日：2008-07-14

申请人： William Clay Schluchter ,  Miao Zhu ,  Alan B. Ray ,  Gerry Owen ,  Carol Courville

发明人： William Clay Schluchter ,  Miao Zhu ,  Alan B. Ray ,  Gerry Owen ,  Carol Courville

IPC分类号： G01B11/02

CPC分类号： G01B9/02018 ,  G01B9/02003 ,  G01B9/02019 ,  G01B9/02022 ,  G01B2290/15 ,  G01B2290/30 ,  G01B2290/70 ,  G01D5/34715 ,  G01D5/38 ,  G03F7/70775 ,  G03F7/7085 ,  G03F9/7049 ,  G03F9/7088

摘要： A sensor head for use with a measurement grating is described. The sensor head comprises: a splitter grating configured to split a light beam into first and second measurement beams; a first retroreflector configured to retroreflect the first and second measurement beams toward the measurement grating; and a second retroreflector configured to retroreflect the first and second measurement beams toward the measurement grating. In one embodiment the second measurement beam is diffracted by the measurement grating to form first and second sub-beams and one of the first and second sub-beams comprises a zeroth order diffraction component and a first order diffraction component. In another embodiment, the first and second sub-beams each comprise a zeroth order diffraction component and a first order diffraction component.

摘要翻译： 描述了与测量光栅一起使用的传感器头。 传感器头包括：分束器光栅，被配置为将光束分成第一和第二测量光束; 第一后向反射器，被配置为将所述第一和第二测量光束向所述测量光栅反向反射; 以及第二后向反射器，被配置为将第一和第二测量光束向后向反射向测量光栅。 在一个实施例中，第二测量光束被测量光栅衍射以形成第一和第二子光束，并且第一和第二子光束中的一个包括零级衍射分量和一阶衍射分量。 在另一个实施例中，第一和第二子光束各自包括零级衍射分量和一阶衍射分量。

公开(公告)号：US07279337B2

公开(公告)日：2007-10-09

申请号：US10797651

申请日：2004-03-10

申请人： Miao Zhu

发明人： Miao Zhu

IPC分类号： G01N35/00 ,  G01N33/48 ,  G01N33/00 ,  G01N15/06 ,  C12Q1/68

CPC分类号： G01N33/48721 ,  C12Q1/6825 ,  C12Q1/6869 ,  Y10T436/11 ,  C12Q2565/607 ,  C12Q2565/629

摘要： Systems and methods of identifying molecules of polymers such as, for example, a nucleic acid, are described. The method involves centering a bias voltage across a pair of nanoelectrodes separated by a channel that corresponds to one of any of the energy differences between any two internal energy levels of a molecule of interest, and modulating the bias voltage with a modulation waveform while the molecule of interest is in the channel. An electrical signal characteristic of the molecule of interest is derived from the tunneling current between the nanoelectrodes, and the characteristic electrical signal is compared with known values of the signal for chemically-known molecules in order to identify the molecule of interest. Multiple pairs of nano-electrodes may be employed to identify more reliably a single molecule or multiple molecules.

摘要翻译： 描述了鉴定聚合物分子例如核酸的系统和方法。 该方法包括将偏置电压对准通过对应于感兴趣的分子的任何两个内部能级之间的任何能量差中的任何一个的通道分开的一对纳米电极，并且利用调制波形调制偏置电压 感兴趣的是在渠道。 感兴趣的分子的电信号特征来源于纳米电极之间的隧道电流，并且将特征电信号与化学已知分子的信号的已知值进行比较，以便鉴定感兴趣的分子。 可以使用多对纳米电极来更可靠地识别单个分子或多个分子。

公开(公告)号：US20070097376A1

公开(公告)日：2007-05-03

申请号：US11263691

申请日：2005-11-01

申请人： Carol Courville ,  Miao Zhu ,  Kerry Bagwell

发明人： Carol Courville ,  Miao Zhu ,  Kerry Bagwell

IPC分类号： G01B9/02

CPC分类号： G02F1/332 ,  G01B9/02003 ,  G01B2290/70 ,  G02F2201/16

摘要： A light source system includes a beam source generating a first input beam of light. An anisotropic acousto-optic modulator (AOM) is positioned to receive the first input beam. The AOM includes a plurality of transducers for receiving control signals and generating corresponding acoustic waves that operate on the first input beam to generate first and second output beams with different frequencies and orthogonal linear polarizations. The first and second output beams have a combined optical power that is substantially the same as an optical power of the first input beam for a first input beam with one polarization and for a first input beam with two polarizations.

摘要翻译： 光源系统包括产生第一输入光束的光束源。 定位各向异性声光调制器（AOM）以接收第一输入光束。 AOM包括多个换能器，用于接收控制信号并产生在第一输入波束上操作的对应声波，以产生具有不同频率和正交线性偏振的第一和第二输出波束。 第一和第二输出光束具有与用于具有一个偏振的第一输入光束的第一输入光束的光功率和具有两个偏振的第一输入光束基本相同的组合光功率。

公开(公告)号：US20050264823A1

公开(公告)日：2005-12-01

申请号：US10856204

申请日：2004-05-28

申请人： Miao Zhu ,  John Bockman

发明人： Miao Zhu ,  John Bockman

IPC分类号： G01B9/02 ,  G01V8/14 ,  G02B5/04

CPC分类号： G01B9/02019 ,  G01B9/02045 ,  G01B9/02059 ,  G01B2290/15 ,  G01B2290/70

摘要： Measurement systems that separate polarization components can use retroreflectors to preserve or transform polarization and avoid unwanted mixing of the polarization components. A suitable retroreflector can include a coated cube corner reflector with retardation plates having a slow axis set at a non-zero angle away from 45° with the directions of linearly polarized component beam. The non-zero angle can be set in situ to minimize polarization mixing in a measurement system. Alternatively, a cube corner reflector with one or more polarization manipulating elements controls the polarization of a reflected beam to preserve or transform the polarization of an incident beam.

摘要翻译： 分离偏振分量的测量系统可以使用后向反射器来保留或转换偏振，并避免偏振分量的不期望的混合。 合适的后向反射器可以包括具有延迟板的涂覆的立体角反射器，其具有以与线偏振分量光束的方向成45°的非零角度设定的慢轴。 可以在原位设置非零角度，以使测量系统中的极化混合最小化。 或者，具有一个或多个偏振操纵元件的立体角反射器控制反射光束的偏振，以保持或变换入射光束的偏振。