公开(公告)号：US06363091B1

公开(公告)日：2002-03-26

申请号：US09588045

申请日：2000-06-05

申请人： Miao Zhu ,  Leonard S. Cutler

发明人： Miao Zhu ,  Leonard S. Cutler

IPC分类号： H01S313

CPC分类号： G04F5/145 ,  G04F5/14

摘要： A quantum absorber is provided having transitions that include a first transition between a first lower quantum state and an upper quantum state, and a second transition between a second lower quantum state and the upper quantum state. The first transition and the second transition have energies that correspond to frequencies of &ohgr;1 and &ohgr;2, respectively. The lower quantum states differ in energy by an energy difference subject to a total a.c. Stark shift. Incident electro-magnetic radiation is generated. The incident electro-magnetic radiation includes main frequency components and additional frequency components. The main frequency components are at frequencies of &OHgr;1 and &OHgr;2, equal to &ohgr;1 and &ohgr;2, respectively, and differ in frequency by a frequency difference. The additional frequency components collectively have a spectrum. The quantum absorber is irradiated with the incident electro-magnetic radiation. Electro-magnetic radiation from the quantum absorber is detected to generate a detection signal. The frequency difference is controlled to obtain an extremum in the detection signal. The extremum indicates that the frequency difference corresponds to the energy difference between the lower quantum states. The spectrum of the additional frequency components is set to reduce the magnitude of the total a.c. Stark shift, and a frequency standard signal related in frequency to the frequency difference is provided.

摘要翻译： 提供量子吸收器，其具有包括第一低量子态和上量子态之间的第一跃迁以及第二较低量子态与上量子态之间的第二跃迁的跃迁。 第一转变和第二转换分别具有对应于ω1和ω2的频率的能量。 较低的量子状态在能量上不同，能量差异受到总的交流电压的影响。 斯塔克转变 产生入射电磁辐射。 事件电磁辐射包括主频率分量和附加频率分量。 主要频率分量分别为OMEGA1和OMEGA2的频率，分别等于ω1和ω2，并且频率不同频率差。 附加频率分量共同地具有频谱。 用入射的电磁辐射照射量子吸收器。 检测来自量子吸收器的电磁辐射以产生检测信号。 控制频差以在检测信号中获得极值。 极值表示频差对应于较低量子态之间的能量差。 设置附加频率分量的频谱以减小总直流电平的大小。 提供了斯塔克移位，并且提供了频率与频率差相关的频率标准信号。

公开(公告)号：US07345553B2

公开(公告)日：2008-03-18

申请号：US10805005

申请日：2004-03-18

申请人： John Edwin Berberian ,  Leonard S. Cutler ,  Miao Zhu

发明人： John Edwin Berberian ,  Leonard S. Cutler ,  Miao Zhu

IPC分类号： H03B17/00 ,  H03S1/06

CPC分类号： H03L7/26 ,  G04F5/14 ,  G04F5/145

摘要： An apparatus and method for measuring CPT is disclosed. The apparatus includes a quantum absorber that is irradiated by radiation from an electromagnetic radiation source. The quantum absorber includes a material that exhibits CPT. The electromagnetic radiation source generates electromagnetic radiation having first and second CPT-generating frequency components. The first CPT-generating frequency component has a frequency νL−ν, and a first CPT component amplitude. The second CPT generating frequency component has a frequency νL+ν and a second CPT component amplitude. The apparatus also includes a detector for generating a detector signal related to the power of electromagnetic radiation that leaves the quantum absorber. The detector signal exhibits an asymmetry as a function of frequency ν in a frequency range about a frequency ν0. The apparatus includes an asymmetry servo loop that alters one of νL, the first CPT component amplitude, and the second CPT component amplitude to reduce the asymmetry.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于测量CPT的装置和方法。 该装置包括由来自电磁辐射源的辐射照射的量子吸收器。 量子吸收器包括展示CPT的材料。 电磁辐射源产生具有第一和第二CPT产生频率分量的电磁辐射。 第一CPT产生频率分量具有频率nuL-nu和第一CPT分量幅度。 第二CPT产生频率分量具有频率nuLL + nu和第二CPT分量振幅。 该装置还包括用于产生与离开量子吸收器的电磁辐射功率相关的检测器信号的检测器。 检测器信号表现出在频率nu <0> 0的频率范围内作为频率nu的函数的不对称性。 该装置包括不对称伺服环路，其改变第一CPT分量振幅和第二CPT分量振幅中的一个，以减小不对称性。

公开(公告)号：US06359917B1

公开(公告)日：2002-03-19

申请号：US09588032

申请日：2000-06-05

申请人： Leonard S. Cutler ,  Miao Zhu

发明人： Leonard S. Cutler ,  Miao Zhu

IPC分类号： H01S313

CPC分类号： G04F5/14

摘要： A detection signal that quantifies a resonant interaction between a quantum absorber and incident electro-magnetic radiation is generated. The quantum absorber is irradiated with the incident electro-magnetic radiation. The quantum absorber absorbs a portion of the incident electro-magnetic radiation and generates fluorescent electro-magnetic radiation in response to it. The quantum absorber additionally transmits the unabsorbed portion of the incident electro-magnetic radiation. The unabsorbed portion of the incident electro-magnetic radiation is detected to generate a first signal that has a first signal-to-noise ratio. The fluorescent electro-magnetic radiation is detected to generate a second signal that has a second signal-to-noise ratio. The first signal and the second signal are combined to generate the detection signal. The detection signal has a signal-to-noise ratio greater than the first signal-to-noise ratio and the second signal-to-noise ratio.

摘要翻译： 产生量子吸收器和入射电磁辐射之间共振相互作用的检测信号。 用入射的电磁辐射照射量子吸收器。 量子吸收器吸收一部分入射的电磁辐射，并响应于此产生荧光电磁辐射。 量子吸收器另外传输入射电磁辐射的未吸收部分。 检测入射电磁辐射的未吸收部分以产生具有第一信噪比的第一信号。 检测荧光电磁辐射以产生具有第二信噪比的第二信号。 第一信号和第二信号被组合以产生检测信号。 检测信号的信噪比大于第一信噪比和第二信噪比。

公开(公告)号：US06201821B1

公开(公告)日：2001-03-13

申请号：US09587719

申请日：2000-06-05

申请人： Miao Zhu ,  Leonard S. Cutler

发明人： Miao Zhu ,  Leonard S. Cutler

IPC分类号： H01S313

CPC分类号： G04F5/14 ,  G04F5/145

摘要： The frequency standard comprises a quantum absorber, a source of incident electro-magnetic radiation, a detector, a frequency difference controller, a spectrum controller and a frequency standard output. The quantum absorber has transitions including a first transition between a first lower quantum state and an upper quantum state, and a second transition between a second lower quantum state and the upper quantum state. The first transition and the second transition have energies that correspond to frequencies of &ohgr;1 and &ohgr;2, respectively. The lower quantum states differ in energy by an energy difference subject to a total a.c. Stark shift. The source of incident electro-magnetic radiation is arranged to irradiate the quantum absorber. The incident electro-magnetic radiation includes main frequency components at frequencies of &OHgr;1 and &OHgr;2, equal to &ohgr;1 and &ohgr;2, respectively, and additionally includes additional frequency components collectively having a spectrum. The detector is arranged to receive electro-magnetic radiation from the quantum absorber and generates a detection signal in response to the received electro-magnetic radiation. The frequency difference controller controls the source to generate the main frequency components with a difference in frequency that obtains an extremum in the detection signal. The extremum indicates that the difference in frequency corresponds to the energy difference. The spectrum controller sets the spectrum of the additional frequency components to reduce the magnitude of the total a.c. Stark shift. The frequency standard output a frequency standard signal related in frequency to the difference in frequency.

摘要翻译： 频率标准包括量子吸收器，入射电磁辐射源，检测器，频率差分控制器，频谱控制器和频率标准输出。 量子吸收器具有包括第一低量子态和上量子态之间的第一跃迁和第二较低量子态与上量子态之间的第二跃迁的跃迁。 第一转变和第二转换分别具有对应于ω1和ω2的频率的能量。 较低的量子状态在能量上不同，能量差异受到总的交流电压的影响。 斯塔克转变 入射电磁辐射源设置为照射量子吸收器。 入射的电磁辐射包括在OMEGA1和OMEGA2频率处的主要频率分量，分别等于ω1和ω2，并且还包括共同具有频谱的附加频率分量。 检测器被布置成接收来自量子吸收器的电磁辐射并且响应于接收到的电磁辐射产生检测信号。 频差控制器控制源以产生具有在检测信号中获得极值的频率差的主频率分量。 极值表示频率差异对应于能量差异。 频谱控制器设置附加频率分量的频谱，以减小总直流电平的幅度。 斯塔克转变 频率标准输出频率与频率差异相关的频率标准信号。

公开(公告)号：US07202751B2

公开(公告)日：2007-04-10

申请号：US10968264

申请日：2004-10-18

申请人： Miao Zhu ,  Leonard S. Cutler ,  John Edwin Berberian

发明人： Miao Zhu ,  Leonard S. Cutler ,  John Edwin Berberian

IPC分类号： H03B17/00

CPC分类号： H01S3/1392 ,  H01S3/1394 ,  H01S3/1398

摘要： An apparatus for generating a stabilized frequency signal is disclosed. The apparatus includes a quantum absorber having first, second, and third energy states. The quantum absorber is irradiated by a first radiation source that generates electromagnetic radiation having a frequency, νL, that induces transitions between the first and third energy states. The quantum absorber is also irradiated by a second radiation source that generates electromagnetic radiation having a frequency, νM, that induces transitions between the first and second energy states. A detector that generates a detector signal indicative of the level of radiation leaving the quantum absorber in a frequency range including νL is used by a number of servo loops. One of the servo loops determines the value of νL that minimizes or maximizes the detector signal and a second servo loop determines an offset signal that reduces the dependence of νM on the intensity of the first radiation source.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于产生稳定频率信号的装置。 该装置包括具有第一，第二和第三能量状态的量子吸收器。 量子吸收器被产生电磁辐射的第一辐射源照射，该辐射源具有在第一和第三能量状态之间产生转变的频率，nu L。 量子吸收器也被产生电磁辐射的第二辐射源照射，该辐射源具有在第一和第二能量状态之间产生转变的频率n N M M M。 通过多个伺服回路使用产生指示离开量子吸收器的辐射水平的检测器信号的检测器信号在包括nuL L的频率范围内。 伺服环路中的一个确定使检测器信号最小化或最大化的nu L的值，并且第二伺服环路确定减小nu < 第一辐射源的强度。

公开(公告)号：US4425653A

公开(公告)日：1984-01-10

申请号：US164980

申请日：1980-07-01

申请人： Leonard S. Cutler

发明人： Leonard S. Cutler

IPC分类号： G04F5/14 ,  H01S1/06 ,  H01S3/091

CPC分类号： H01S1/06 ,  G04F5/14

摘要： A method and apparatus are disclosed for optically pumping the atoms of an atomic beam into a single trap state. An atomic beam is produced and is passed through a region of weak magnetic field to produce a magnetic splitting of energy levels. The beam is illuminated with a laser beam to produce selected excitations. The spectral distribution of the laser light is selected (1) to excite the atoms of the atomic beam to excited levels from which the atoms can decay into the trap state and (2) to avoid exciting atoms out of the trap state. Particular applications of the method and apparatus are described for atomic or ionic clocks and masers.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于将原子束的原子光学地泵送到单陷阱状态的方法和装置。 产生原子束并通过弱磁场的区域以产生能级的磁分裂。 用激光束照射光束以产生选定的激发。 选择激光的光谱分布（1）将原子束的原子激发到激发水平，原子可以从其中衰变成陷阱状态，以及（2）避免激发原子处于陷阱状态。 描述了用于原子或离子钟和主体的方法和装置的特定应用。

公开(公告)号：US5566180A

公开(公告)日：1996-10-15

申请号：US360508

申请日：1994-12-21

申请人： John C. Eidson ,  Joseph A. Dara-Abrams ,  Stanley P. Woods ,  Leonard S. Cutler ,  Robin P. Giffard ,  James L. Johnson

发明人： John C. Eidson ,  Joseph A. Dara-Abrams ,  Stanley P. Woods ,  Leonard S. Cutler ,  Robin P. Giffard ,  James L. Johnson

IPC分类号： G06F13/00 ,  G06F1/14 ,  H04J3/06 ,  H04J3/24

CPC分类号： H04J3/0667 ,  G06F1/14 ,  H04J3/0673 ,  H04J3/0697

摘要： The local clocks within each node of a loosely distributed network system may be synchronized and syntonized by any of the nodes in the network. Each of the nodes contains a time packet detector (TPD) that detects and recognizes timing data packets and produces a recognition signal. This signal may be used to cause an action in the detecting node, in particular the node may contain a time service block (TSB) containing a local clock that may be used to record the time of the recognition signal. The recorded times may be used as the basis for correcting the local clocks of the nodes in the system. Transfer devices such as gateways, bridges, and routers may include TSBs and TPDs to allow for correction for the transit time of time packets through the transfer device. The TPD is normally connected within the media access device at the point of final encoding for transmission or recovery of the clock and data for receiving where the time jitter will be at a minimum.

摘要翻译： 松散分布的网络系统的每个节点内的本地时钟可以被网络中的任何节点同步和合成。 每个节点包含检测并识别定时数据分组并产生识别信号的时间包检测器（TPD）。 该信号可以用于在检测节点中引起动作，特别地，节点可以包含包含可用于记录识别信号的时间的本地时钟的时间服务块（TSB）。 记录时间可以用作校正系统中节点的本地时钟的基础。 诸如网关，桥接器和路由器的传输设备可以包括TSB和TPD，以允许通过传送设备校正时间分组的传输时间。 TPD通常在最终编码的时刻连接在媒体接入设备内，用于时钟的发送或恢复，以及用于接收时间抖动最小的数据。

公开(公告)号：US4784489A

公开(公告)日：1988-11-15

申请号：US43906

申请日：1987-04-29

申请人： Leonard S. Cutler ,  Robin P. Giffard ,  William D. Holland ,  Lawrence J. Wuerz

发明人： Leonard S. Cutler ,  Robin P. Giffard ,  William D. Holland ,  Lawrence J. Wuerz

IPC分类号： G01B9/02 ,  G01J9/02

CPC分类号： G01B9/02007 ,  G01B9/02002 ,  G01B9/02067 ,  G01J9/02 ,  G01B2290/70 ,  G01J2009/0226

摘要： A remote receiver for laser interferometer systems is split into two parts connected by a fiber optic link. The front-end of the receiver, located near the remote interferometer optics, houses only the optical components for focusing and mixing the laser beam, and transmits the beam through an optical fiber cable. The back-end of the receiver, located remotely, houses the electronic components for detecting and measuring the frequency difference to produce the signal for the measurement electronics.

公开(公告)号：US5729181A

公开(公告)日：1998-03-17

申请号：US702075

申请日：1996-08-23

申请人： Leonard S. Cutler ,  Richard K. Karlquist ,  James R. Collin ,  James L. Johnson ,  Theodore Parisek ,  Robin P. Giffard

发明人： Leonard S. Cutler ,  Richard K. Karlquist ,  James R. Collin ,  James L. Johnson ,  Theodore Parisek ,  Robin P. Giffard

IPC分类号： H03B5/32 ,  G05D23/24 ,  H03L1/04

CPC分类号： H03L1/04 ,  G05D23/1931 ,  G05D23/24

摘要： An oven assembly for a crystal resonator and oscillator utilizes a thermally symmetrical design to provide a high thermal gain. The oven assembly includes an encasement that forms a hermetically sealed oven chamber that is substantially cylindrical. Concentric with the oven chamber is an annular oven mass that functions as a heat reservoir for the crystal resonator that is contained within the oven mass. The cylindrical oven chamber and the concentric annular oven mass provide two levels of circular symmetry that help achieve a thermally isotropic oscillator environment. Wide-area uniform heat transfer promotes high thermal gain and minimizes thermal gradients. Another factor is the geometry and circuitry for temperature monitoring. Temperature sensors are equidistantly spaced from each other and are equidistant from the center of the oven chamber. Signals from the various thermistors are averaged to provide a more accurate temperature determination for regulating the heaters.

摘要翻译： 用于晶体谐振器和振荡器的烤箱组件利用热对称设计来提供高热增益。 烤箱组件包括形成基本上圆柱形的气密密封的烤箱室的外壳。 与烤箱室同心的是一种环形烤箱，用作包含在烤箱中的晶体谐振器的储热器。 圆柱形烤箱室和同心环形烤箱质量提供了两个等级的圆形对称，有助于实现热各向同性的振荡器环境。 广泛的均匀传热促进了高的热增益并使热梯度最小化。 另一个因素是温度监测的几何和电路。 温度传感器彼此距离相等并且距离烘箱的中心等距。 将各种热敏电阻的信号平均，以提供更准确的温度测定来调节加热器。

公开(公告)号：US3953840A

公开(公告)日：1976-04-27

申请号：US469169

申请日：1974-05-13

申请人： Leonard S. Cutler ,  Richard A. Baugh

发明人： Leonard S. Cutler ,  Richard A. Baugh

IPC分类号： G11C11/14 ,  G01R33/09 ,  G11C19/08

CPC分类号： G11C19/0866 ,  G01R33/09

摘要： A differential detection device is provided for detecting the presence of magnetic bubbles in a data stream circulating on a magnetic wafer. The device utilizes an array of columns of permalloy elements to enlarge the magnetic bubbles being detected. A change in resistance of each of a pair of adjacent permalloy columns as a bubble traverses the detector is sensed and differentially detected to signify the presence of the bubble. In one embodiment of the invention, a second detector is used in conjunction with the first detector to provide operation in a mode in which bubbles in alternate positions in the data stream are directed into alternate channels including the first and second detectors respectively. After detection, the bubbles are redirected into a single data stream, while the output signals from the two detectors are merged to produce a data output signal reproducing the original data stream.

摘要翻译： 提供差分检测装置，用于检测在磁性晶片上循环的数据流中的磁性气泡的存在。 该装置利用坡莫合金元素的列阵列来扩大被检测的磁气泡。 感测并差异地检测作为气泡的一对相邻坡莫合金列中的每一个的电阻的变化以表示气泡的存在。 在本发明的一个实施例中，第二检测器与第一检测器结合使用以在数据流中交替位置中的气泡分别引导到包括第一和第二检测器的交替通道的模式中提供操作。 在检测之后，气泡被重定向到单个数据流，而来自两个检测器的输出信号被合并以产生再现原始数据流的数据输出信号。