公开(公告)号：US20070007955A1

公开(公告)日：2007-01-11

申请号：US11473297

申请日：2006-06-22

申请人： Neil Goldfine ,  David Grundy ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Yanko Sheiretov ,  Darrell Schlicker

发明人： Neil Goldfine ,  David Grundy ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Yanko Sheiretov ,  Darrell Schlicker

IPC分类号： G01N27/82

CPC分类号： G01N27/82

摘要： Damage and usage conditions in the vicinity of fasteners in joined structures are nondestructively evaluated using the fasteners themselves. Sensors or sensor conductors are embedded in the fasteners or integrated within the fastener construct, either in the clearance gap between the fastener and the structure material or as an insert inside the shaft or pin of the fastener. The response of the material to an interrogating magnetic or electric field is then measured with drive and sense electrodes both incorporated into the fastener or with either drive or sense electrodes external to the fastener on the material surface. In another configuration, an electric current is applied to one or more fasteners and the electric potential is measured at locations typically between the driven electrodes applying the current. The potential is measured circumferentially around the fastener at locations on the material surface or across pairs of fasteners throughout or along the joint. The voltage or potential measurement electrodes may be collinear with the drive electrodes. State sensitive material layers can be added either to the fastener or the test material layers in order to enhance observability of the test material condition, such as the presence of a crack, mechanical stress, delamination, or disbond.

摘要翻译： 使用紧固件本身对接合结构中紧固件附近的损坏和使用条件进行非破坏性评估。 传感器或传感器导体嵌入到紧固件中或整合在紧固件结构内，无论是在紧固件和结构材料之间的间隙中，或者作为紧固件的轴或销内的插入件。 然后测量材料对询问磁场或电场的响应，其中驱动和感测电极两者并入到紧固件中，或者与材料表面上的紧固件外部的驱动或感测电极结合。 在另一种配置中，电流被施加到一个或多个紧固件，并且在通常在施加电流的驱动电极之间的位置处测量电位。 在整个或沿着接头的材料表面上或穿过成对的紧固件的位置周围围绕紧固件测量电位。 电压或电位测量电极可与驱动电极共线。 可以将状态敏感材料层添加到紧固件或测试材料层中，以便增强测试材料状况的可观察性，例如存在裂纹，机械应力，分层或脱粘。

公开(公告)号：US20070029997A1

公开(公告)日：2007-02-08

申请号：US11415396

申请日：2006-05-01

申请人： Neil Goldfine ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Karen Walrath ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  David Grundy

发明人： Neil Goldfine ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Karen Walrath ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  David Grundy

IPC分类号： G01N27/82

CPC分类号： G01N27/9046

摘要： Magnetic field based eddy-current sensing arrays measure the near surface properties conducting and magnetic materials. The arrays have a drive winding for imposing the magnetic field in a test material and at least two sense elements for sensing the response of the test material to the magnetic field. Each sense element has distinct leads for connection to impedance measurement instrumentation. The arrays have accurately positioned sense elements and drive winding conductors so that the sense element responses are essentially identical for test materials having uniform properties. The drive windings are typically formed into circular loops for examining material properties in the vicinity of circular features in the test material, such as holes or fasteners. For examining the material, the sensor arrays are rotated around the feature or mounted against a material surface and provide information from multiple locations around the feature to determine if cracks are present or to monitor crack growth.

摘要翻译： 基于磁场的涡流感测阵列测量近表面性质导电和磁性材料。 阵列具有用于将磁场施加在测试材料中的驱动绕组和用于感测测试材料对磁场的响应的至少两个感测元件。 每个感测元件具有不同的引线用于连接到阻抗测量仪器。 阵列具有精确定位的感测元件和驱动绕组导体，使得感测元件响应与具有均匀性质的测试材料基本相同。 驱动绕组通常形成为环形环，用于检查测试材料（例如孔或紧固件）中圆形特征附近的材料特性。 为了检查材料，传感器阵列围绕特征旋转或者安装在材料表面上，并且从特征周围的多个位置提供信息，以确定是否存在裂缝或监测裂纹扩展。

公开(公告)号：US20070069720A1

公开(公告)日：2007-03-29

申请号：US11229844

申请日：2005-09-19

申请人： Neil Goldfine ,  Mark Windoloski ,  David Grundy ,  Yanko Sheiretov ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Andrew Washabaugh

发明人： Neil Goldfine ,  Mark Windoloski ,  David Grundy ,  Yanko Sheiretov ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Andrew Washabaugh

IPC分类号： G01N27/82

CPC分类号： G01N27/72

摘要： Nondestructive material condition monitoring and assessment is accomplished by placing, mounting, or scanning magnetic and electric field sensors and sensor arrays over material surfaces. The material condition can be inferred directly from material property estimates, such as the magnetic permeability, dielectric permittivity, electrical property, or thickness, or from a correlation with these properties. Hidden cracks in multiple layer structures in the presence of fasteners are detected by combining multiple frequency magnetic field measurements and comparing the result to characteristic signature responses. The threshold value for indicating a crack is adjusted based on a high frequency measurement that accounts for fastener type. The condition of engine disk slot is determined without removal of the disk from the engine by placing near the disk a fixture that contains a sensor for scanning through the slot and means for recording position within the slot. Inflatable support structures can be placed behind the sensor to improve and a guide can be used to align sensor with the slot and for rotating the disk. The condition of an interface between a conducting substrate and a coating is assessed by placing a magnetic field sensor on the opposite side of the substrate from the coating and monitoring at least one model parameter for the material system, with the model parameter correlated to the interfacial condition. The model parameter is typically a magnetic permeability that reflects the residual stress at the interface. Sensors embedded between material layers are protected from damage by placing shims on the faying surface. After determining the areas to be monitored and the areas likely to cause sensor damage, a shim thickness is determined and is then placed in at least one area not being monitored by a sensor. The condition of a test fluid is assessed through a dielectric sensor containing a contaminant-sensitive material layer. The properties of the layer are monitored with the dielectric sensor and correlated to contaminant level.

公开(公告)号：US20050146324A1

公开(公告)日：2005-07-07

申请号：US10989115

申请日：2004-11-15

申请人： Neil Goldfine ,  Vladimir Zilberstein ,  David Grundy ,  Volker Weiss ,  Andrew Washabaugh

发明人： Neil Goldfine ,  Vladimir Zilberstein ,  David Grundy ,  Volker Weiss ,  Andrew Washabaugh

IPC分类号： G01N27/82 ,  G01N27/90

CPC分类号： G01N27/90

摘要： Fabrication of samples having material conditions or damage representative of actual components inspected by nondestructive testing involves sensors placed near or mounted on the material surface, such as flexible eddy current sensors or sensor arrays, to monitor the material condition while the sample is being processed. These sample typically have real cracks in or around holes, on curved surfaces, in and under coatings, and on shot peened or otherwise preconditioned surfaces. Processing, such as mechanical or thermal loading to introduce fatigue damage, is stopped once the material condition reaches a predetermined level.

摘要翻译： 通过非破坏性测试来检测具有代表实际部件的材料条件或损坏的样品的制造涉及放置在材料表面附近或安装在材料表面上的传感器，例如柔性涡流传感器或传感器阵列，以在样品被处理时监测材料状况。 这些样品通常在孔中或周围具有真实的裂纹，在弯曲表面上，在涂层内和在涂层下，以及在喷丸硬化或其它预处理的表面上。 一旦材料状态达到预定水平，就停止诸如机械或热负载以引入疲劳损伤的加工。

公开(公告)号：US20070236214A1

公开(公告)日：2007-10-11

申请号：US11807873

申请日：2007-05-30

申请人： Neil Goldfine ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Karen Walrath ,  Andrew Washabaugh

发明人： Neil Goldfine ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Karen Walrath ,  Andrew Washabaugh

IPC分类号： G01N27/72

CPC分类号： G01N27/72 ,  G01B7/24 ,  G01B7/34 ,  G01N27/90 ,  G01N27/902 ,  G01R33/12

摘要： Reference standards or articles having prescribed levels of damage are fabricated by monitoring an electrical property of the article material, mechanically loading the article, and removing the load when a change in electrical properties indicates a prescribed level of damage. The electrical property is measured with an electromagnetic sensor, such as a flexible eddy current sensor, attached to a material surface, which may be between layers of the article material. The damage may be in the form of a fatigue crack or a change in the mechanical stress underneath the sensor. The shape of the article material may be adjusted to concentrate the stress so that the damage initiates under the sensor. Examples adjustments to the article shape include the use of dogbone geometries with thin center sections, reinforcement ribs on the edges of the article, and radius cut-outs in the vicinity of the thin section.

摘要翻译： 通过监测物品的电气性能，机械装载物品以及当电气特性的变化表示规定的损伤程度时，去除负载来制造具有规定的损伤程度的参考标准或物品。 电气特性用电磁传感器（例如柔性涡流传感器）测量，该传感器连接到材料表面，材料表面可以在物品层之间。 损伤可能是疲劳裂纹的形式或传感器下面的机械应力的变化。 可以调节制品材料的形状以集中应力，使得损伤在传感器下方开始。 对物品形状的实例调整包括使用具有薄中心部分的狗骨形几何形状，在制品的边缘上使用加强筋，以及在薄部分附近使用半径切口。

公开(公告)号：US20060265155A1

公开(公告)日：2006-11-23

申请号：US11417328

申请日：2006-05-03

申请人： Neil Goldfine ,  Markus Zahn ,  Alexander Mamishey ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Andrew Washabaugh

发明人： Neil Goldfine ,  Markus Zahn ,  Alexander Mamishey ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Andrew Washabaugh

IPC分类号： G06F19/00

CPC分类号： G01R27/2623

摘要： A method is disclosed for processing, optimization, calibration, and display of measured dielectrometry signals. A property estimator is coupled by way of instrumentation to an electrode structure and translates sensed electromagnetic responses into estimates of one or more preselected properties or dimensions of the material, such as dielectric permittivity and ohmic conductivity, layer thickness, or other physical properties that affect dielectric properties, or presence of other lossy dielectric or metallic objects. A dielectrometry sensor is disclosed which can be connected in various ways to have different effective penetration depths of electric fields but with all configurations having the same air-gap, fluid gap, or shim lift-off height, thereby greatly improving the performance of the property estimators by decreasing the number of unknowns. The sensor geometry consist of a periodic structure with, at any one time, a single sensing element that provides for multiple wavelength within the same sensor footprint.

公开(公告)号：US20060097718A1

公开(公告)日：2006-05-11

申请号：US11249047

申请日：2005-10-11

申请人： Darrell Schlicker ,  Neil Goldfine ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Yanko Sheiretov ,  Mark Windoloski

发明人： Darrell Schlicker ,  Neil Goldfine ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Yanko Sheiretov ,  Mark Windoloski

IPC分类号： G01R33/12

CPC分类号： G01N27/023

摘要： Local features such as cracks in materials are nondestructively characterized by measuring a response with an electromagnetic sensor and converting this response into a selected property using a database. The database is generated prior to data acquisition by using a model to generate a baseline response or field distribution for the sensor and combining these results with another model, which may be simpler than the first model or provide a local representation of the field perturbations around a feature, which is evaluated multiple times over a range of values of the selected property. In addition, the presence of a feature may be detected by converting the sensor response into a reference parameter, such as a lift-off factor that reflects the sensor position relative to a material edge, and using this parameter to determine a reference response that can be compared to the measured response.

摘要翻译： 局部特征如材料中的裂纹是非破坏性的，其特征在于通过用电磁传感器测量响应并使用数据库将该响应转换成选定的属性。 在数据采集之前通过使用模型生成数据库以生成传感器的基线响应或场分布，并将这些结果与另一模型相结合，该模型可以比第一模型更简单，或者提供周围的场扰动的局部表示 功能，在所选属性的值范围内多次评估。 此外，可以通过将传感器响应转换为参考参数来检测特征的存在，所述参考参数例如反映相对于材料边缘的传感器位置的剥离因子，并且使用该参数来确定可以 与测量响应进行比较。

公开(公告)号：US20070239407A1

公开(公告)日：2007-10-11

申请号：US11653067

申请日：2007-01-12

申请人： Neil Goldfine ,  Vladimir Zilberstein ,  Volker Weiss ,  Yanko Sheiretov

发明人： Neil Goldfine ,  Vladimir Zilberstein ,  Volker Weiss ,  Yanko Sheiretov

IPC分类号： G06F17/10

CPC分类号： G01N27/82 ,  F05B2270/109 ,  F05B2270/404 ,  G01B7/34 ,  G06N7/005

摘要： Predicting the remaining life of individual aircraft, fleets of aircraft, aircraft components and subpopulations of these components. This is accomplished through the use of precomputed databases of response that are generated from a model for the nonlinear system behavior prior to the time that decisions need to be made concerning the disposition of the system. The database is calibrated with a few data points, to account for unmodeled system variables, and then used with an input variable to predict future system behavior. These methods also permit identification of the root causes for observed system behavior. The use of the response databases also permits rapid estimations of uncertainty estimates for the system behavior, such as remaining life estimates, particularly, when subsets of an input variable distribution are passed through the database and scaled appropriately to construct the output distribution. A specific example is the prediction of remaining life for an aircraft component where the model calculates damage evolution, input variables are a crack size and the number of cycles, and the predicted parameters are the actual stress on the component and the remaining life.

摘要翻译： 预测个别飞机，飞机机队，飞机部件和这些部件的子群体的剩余寿命。 这是通过使用预先计算的响应数据库来实现的，该数据库是在关于系统的配置的决定之前从非线性系统行为的模型生成的。 数据库使用几个数据点进行校准，以解释未建模的系统变量，然后与输入变量一起使用以预测未来的系统行为。 这些方法还允许识别观察到的系统行为的根本原因。 响应数据库的使用还允许对系统行为的不确定性估计的快速估计，例如剩余寿命估计，特别是当输入变量分布的子集通过数据库并适当地缩放以构建输出分布时。 一个具体的例子是对模型计算损伤演化的飞机部件的剩余寿命的预测，输入变量是裂纹尺寸和循环次数，预测参数是组件上的实际应力和剩余寿命。

公开(公告)号：US4753048A

公开(公告)日：1988-06-28

申请号：US841776

申请日：1986-03-20

申请人： Haruhiko Asada ,  Neil Goldfine

发明人： Haruhiko Asada ,  Neil Goldfine

IPC分类号： B24B27/033 ,  B25J15/00 ,  B25J17/02 ,  B24B1/00

CPC分类号： B24B27/033 ,  B25J15/0019 ,  B25J17/0208 ,  G05B2219/50353

摘要： There is disclosed a method of and apparatus for improving surface finishing and accuracy in a grinding operation employing a manipulator such as a robot which is coupled to a rotary grinding tool. The method comprises reducing the coupling effects between the tool motion whick is tangential to a workpiece surface and tool motion which is normal to the surface to obtain the optimum performance. The method involves adding compliance to the grinding tool in the tangential direction while maintaining higher stiffness in the normal direction. A robot is disclosed which is made in accordance with the method.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种使用诸如耦合到旋转研磨工具的机器人的机械手进行的研磨操作中的表面精加工和精度的改善的方法和装置。 该方法包括减少与工件表面相切的工具运动和与表面垂直以获得最佳性能的工具运动之间的耦合效应。 该方法包括在切向方向上增加磨削工具的顺应性，同时保持正常方向上的较高刚度。 公开了一种根据该方法制造的机器人。