公开(公告)号：US20060244443A1

公开(公告)日：2006-11-02

申请号：US11343741

申请日：2006-01-30

申请人： Neil Goldfine ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Yanko Sheiretov ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Robert Lyons ,  Mark Windoloski ,  Christopher Craven ,  Vladimir Tsukernik ,  David Grundy

发明人： Neil Goldfine ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Yanko Sheiretov ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Robert Lyons ,  Mark Windoloski ,  Christopher Craven ,  Vladimir Tsukernik ,  David Grundy

IPC分类号： G01N27/72

CPC分类号： G01N27/9046

摘要： Eddy current sensors and sensor arrays are used for process quality and material condition assessment of conducting materials. In an embodiment, changes in spatially registered high resolution images taken before and after cold work processing reflect the quality of the process, such as intensity and coverage. These images also permit the suppression or removal of local outlier variations. Anisotropy in a material property, such as magnetic permeability or electrical conductivity, can be intentionally introduced and used to assess material condition resulting from an operation, such as a cold work or heat treatment. The anisotropy is determined by sensors that provide directional property measurements. The sensor directionality arises from constructs that use a linear conducting drive segment to impose the magnetic field in a test material. Maintaining the orientation of this drive segment, and associated sense elements, relative to a material edge provides enhanced sensitivity for crack detection at edges.

摘要翻译： 涡流传感器和传感器阵列用于导电材料的工艺质量和材料状况评估。 在一个实施例中，在冷加工处理之前和之后拍摄的空间注册的高分辨率图像的变化反映了过程的质量，例如强度和覆盖。 这些图像还允许抑制或去除局部异常值变化。 可以有意地引入材料性质的各向异性，例如磁导率或电导率，以用于评估由诸如冷加工或热处理的操作引起的材料状况。 各向异性由提供定向性质测量的传感器确定。 传感器方向性来自使用线性传导驱动段将磁场施加在测试材料中的结构。 维持该驱动段和相关感测元件相对于材料边缘的方向为边缘处的裂纹检测提供了增强的灵敏度。

公开(公告)号：US20070069720A1

公开(公告)日：2007-03-29

申请号：US11229844

申请日：2005-09-19

申请人： Neil Goldfine ,  Mark Windoloski ,  David Grundy ,  Yanko Sheiretov ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Andrew Washabaugh

发明人： Neil Goldfine ,  Mark Windoloski ,  David Grundy ,  Yanko Sheiretov ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Andrew Washabaugh

IPC分类号： G01N27/82

CPC分类号： G01N27/72

摘要： Nondestructive material condition monitoring and assessment is accomplished by placing, mounting, or scanning magnetic and electric field sensors and sensor arrays over material surfaces. The material condition can be inferred directly from material property estimates, such as the magnetic permeability, dielectric permittivity, electrical property, or thickness, or from a correlation with these properties. Hidden cracks in multiple layer structures in the presence of fasteners are detected by combining multiple frequency magnetic field measurements and comparing the result to characteristic signature responses. The threshold value for indicating a crack is adjusted based on a high frequency measurement that accounts for fastener type. The condition of engine disk slot is determined without removal of the disk from the engine by placing near the disk a fixture that contains a sensor for scanning through the slot and means for recording position within the slot. Inflatable support structures can be placed behind the sensor to improve and a guide can be used to align sensor with the slot and for rotating the disk. The condition of an interface between a conducting substrate and a coating is assessed by placing a magnetic field sensor on the opposite side of the substrate from the coating and monitoring at least one model parameter for the material system, with the model parameter correlated to the interfacial condition. The model parameter is typically a magnetic permeability that reflects the residual stress at the interface. Sensors embedded between material layers are protected from damage by placing shims on the faying surface. After determining the areas to be monitored and the areas likely to cause sensor damage, a shim thickness is determined and is then placed in at least one area not being monitored by a sensor. The condition of a test fluid is assessed through a dielectric sensor containing a contaminant-sensitive material layer. The properties of the layer are monitored with the dielectric sensor and correlated to contaminant level.

公开(公告)号：US20060097718A1

公开(公告)日：2006-05-11

申请号：US11249047

申请日：2005-10-11

申请人： Darrell Schlicker ,  Neil Goldfine ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Yanko Sheiretov ,  Mark Windoloski

发明人： Darrell Schlicker ,  Neil Goldfine ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Yanko Sheiretov ,  Mark Windoloski

IPC分类号： G01R33/12

CPC分类号： G01N27/023

摘要： Local features such as cracks in materials are nondestructively characterized by measuring a response with an electromagnetic sensor and converting this response into a selected property using a database. The database is generated prior to data acquisition by using a model to generate a baseline response or field distribution for the sensor and combining these results with another model, which may be simpler than the first model or provide a local representation of the field perturbations around a feature, which is evaluated multiple times over a range of values of the selected property. In addition, the presence of a feature may be detected by converting the sensor response into a reference parameter, such as a lift-off factor that reflects the sensor position relative to a material edge, and using this parameter to determine a reference response that can be compared to the measured response.

摘要翻译： 局部特征如材料中的裂纹是非破坏性的，其特征在于通过用电磁传感器测量响应并使用数据库将该响应转换成选定的属性。 在数据采集之前通过使用模型生成数据库以生成传感器的基线响应或场分布，并将这些结果与另一模型相结合，该模型可以比第一模型更简单，或者提供周围的场扰动的局部表示 功能，在所选属性的值范围内多次评估。 此外，可以通过将传感器响应转换为参考参数来检测特征的存在，所述参考参数例如反映相对于材料边缘的传感器位置的剥离因子，并且使用该参数来确定可以 与测量响应进行比较。

公开(公告)号：US20070007955A1

公开(公告)日：2007-01-11

申请号：US11473297

申请日：2006-06-22

申请人： Neil Goldfine ,  David Grundy ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Yanko Sheiretov ,  Darrell Schlicker

发明人： Neil Goldfine ,  David Grundy ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Yanko Sheiretov ,  Darrell Schlicker

IPC分类号： G01N27/82

CPC分类号： G01N27/82

摘要： Damage and usage conditions in the vicinity of fasteners in joined structures are nondestructively evaluated using the fasteners themselves. Sensors or sensor conductors are embedded in the fasteners or integrated within the fastener construct, either in the clearance gap between the fastener and the structure material or as an insert inside the shaft or pin of the fastener. The response of the material to an interrogating magnetic or electric field is then measured with drive and sense electrodes both incorporated into the fastener or with either drive or sense electrodes external to the fastener on the material surface. In another configuration, an electric current is applied to one or more fasteners and the electric potential is measured at locations typically between the driven electrodes applying the current. The potential is measured circumferentially around the fastener at locations on the material surface or across pairs of fasteners throughout or along the joint. The voltage or potential measurement electrodes may be collinear with the drive electrodes. State sensitive material layers can be added either to the fastener or the test material layers in order to enhance observability of the test material condition, such as the presence of a crack, mechanical stress, delamination, or disbond.

摘要翻译： 使用紧固件本身对接合结构中紧固件附近的损坏和使用条件进行非破坏性评估。 传感器或传感器导体嵌入到紧固件中或整合在紧固件结构内，无论是在紧固件和结构材料之间的间隙中，或者作为紧固件的轴或销内的插入件。 然后测量材料对询问磁场或电场的响应，其中驱动和感测电极两者并入到紧固件中，或者与材料表面上的紧固件外部的驱动或感测电极结合。 在另一种配置中，电流被施加到一个或多个紧固件，并且在通常在施加电流的驱动电极之间的位置处测量电位。 在整个或沿着接头的材料表面上或穿过成对的紧固件的位置周围围绕紧固件测量电位。 电压或电位测量电极可与驱动电极共线。 可以将状态敏感材料层添加到紧固件或测试材料层中，以便增强测试材料状况的可观察性，例如存在裂纹，机械应力，分层或脱粘。

公开(公告)号：US20060247896A1

公开(公告)日：2006-11-02

申请号：US11371315

申请日：2006-03-07

申请人： Neil Goldfine ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Yanko Sheiretov ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  David Grundy ,  Vladimir Zilberstein

发明人： Neil Goldfine ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Yanko Sheiretov ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  David Grundy ,  Vladimir Zilberstein

IPC分类号： G06F15/00

CPC分类号： G01N22/00

摘要： The condition of insulating and semiconducting dielectric materials is assessed by a sensor array that uses electric fields to interrogate the test material. The sensor has a linear array of parallel drive conductors interconnected to form a single drive electrode and sense conductors placed on each side of and parallel to a drive conductor. Subsets of the sense conductors are interconnected to form at least two sense elements sensitive to different material regions. The sense conductors may be at different distances to the drive conductors, enabling measurement sensitivity to different depths into the test material. The material condition is assessed directly from the sense element responses or after conversion to an effective material property, such as an electrical conductivity or dielectric permittivity.

摘要翻译： 绝缘和半导体介电材料的条件通过使用电场询问测试材料的传感器阵列来评估。 传感器具有互连以形成单个驱动电极的线性阵列和放置在驱动导体的平行于驱动导体的每一侧上的感测导体。 感测导体的子集互连以形成对不同材料区域敏感的至少两个感测元件。 感测导体可以距离驱动导体不同的距离，使测量灵敏度不同于测试材料的深度。 材料条件直接由感应元件响应或转换为有效材料性质（如导电率或介电常数）进行评估。

公开(公告)号：US20050007106A1

公开(公告)日：2005-01-13

申请号：US10853009

申请日：2004-05-24

申请人： Neil Goldfine ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Ian Shay ,  Mark Windoloski ,  Christopher Root ,  Vladimir Zilberstein ,  David Grundy ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

发明人： Neil Goldfine ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Ian Shay ,  Mark Windoloski ,  Christopher Root ,  Vladimir Zilberstein ,  David Grundy ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

IPC分类号： G01N27/82 ,  G01N27/90 ,  G01N27/72

CPC分类号： G01N27/9046 ,  G01N27/82

摘要： Combined wound and micro-fabricated winding constructs are described for the inspection of materials and the detection and characterization of hidden features or flaws. These constructs can be configured as sensors or sensor arrays that are surface mounted or scanned over conducting and/or magnetizable test materials. The well-defined geometry obtained micro-fabricated windings and from carefully wound coils with known winding positions permits the use of model based inversions of sensed responses into material properties. In a preferred embodiment, the primary winding is a wound coil and the sense elements are etched or printed. The drive or sense windings can also be mounted under fasteners to improve sensitivity to hidden flaws. Ferrites and other means may be used to guide the magnetic flux and enhance the magnetic field in the test material.

摘要翻译： 描述了组合伤口和微制造的缠绕结构，用于材料的检查和隐藏特征或缺陷的检测和表征。 这些结构可以配置为在导电和/或可磁化测试材料上进行表面安装或扫描的传感器或传感器阵列。 精确定义的几何形状获得微制造的绕组和从已知缠绕位置的小心缠绕的线圈允许使用基于模型的感测响应的反演到材料特性中。 在优选实施例中，初级绕组是缠绕线圈，并且感测元件被蚀刻或印刷。 驱动或感测绕组也可以安装在紧固件下，以提高对隐藏缺陷的敏感性。 可以使用铁氧体等手段来引导磁通量并增强测试材料中的磁场。

公开(公告)号：US20070227255A1

公开(公告)日：2007-10-04

申请号：US11698296

申请日：2007-01-25

申请人： Neil Goldfine ,  Vladimir Zilberstein ,  David Grundy ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Ian Shay ,  Robert Lyons ,  Christopher Craven ,  Christopher Root ,  Mark Windoloski ,  Volker Weiss

发明人： Neil Goldfine ,  Vladimir Zilberstein ,  David Grundy ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Ian Shay ,  Robert Lyons ,  Christopher Craven ,  Christopher Root ,  Mark Windoloski ,  Volker Weiss

IPC分类号： G01L1/12

CPC分类号： G01N27/902 ,  G01N27/023 ,  G01N27/24 ,  G01N27/904 ,  G01N27/9046 ,  G01N27/9053

摘要： Observability of damage precursor, damage and usage states, or event occurrence may be enhanced by modifying component materials to include self-monitoring materials or by processing test material to alter the surface properties. The properties of the self monitoring materials, such as magnetic permeability or electrical conductivity, are monitored with electromagnetic sensors and provide greater property variations with component condition than the original component material. Processing includes shot peening or laser welding.

公开(公告)号：US20060186880A1

公开(公告)日：2006-08-24

申请号：US11408290

申请日：2006-04-20

申请人： Darrell Schlicker ,  Neil Goldfine ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Karen Walrath ,  Ian Shay ,  David Grundy ,  Mark Windoloski

发明人： Darrell Schlicker ,  Neil Goldfine ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Karen Walrath ,  Ian Shay ,  David Grundy ,  Mark Windoloski

IPC分类号： G01N27/82

CPC分类号： G01N27/9033 ,  G01N27/82 ,  G01N27/902 ,  G01N27/904

摘要： An automated drawing tool and a method for drawing a sensor layout. A sensor is drawn by selecting a sensor family, each sensor of the sensor family having at least one drive element to impose a magnetic field in a test material when driven by an electric signal, and at least one sense element for sensing a response of the test material. A set of layout rules are associated with the sensor family and are used in determining a sensor-layout. The automated drawing tool processes input information and the layout rules, for the sensor family, to automatically draw the sensor.

摘要翻译： 自动绘图工具和绘制传感器布局的方法。 通过选择传感器系列来绘制传感器，传感器系列的每个传感器具有至少一个驱动元件，以在由电信号驱动时在测试材料中施加磁场，以及至少一个感测元件，用于感测 测试材料。 一组布局规则与传感器系列相关联，并用于确定传感器布局。 自动绘图工具处理输入信息和传感器系列的布局规则，自动绘制传感器。

公开(公告)号：US20060076952A9

公开(公告)日：2006-04-13

申请号：US11056334

申请日：2005-02-11

申请人： Neil Goldfine ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  David Grundy ,  Mark Windoloski ,  Ian Shay ,  Andrew Washabaugh

发明人： Neil Goldfine ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  David Grundy ,  Mark Windoloski ,  Ian Shay ,  Andrew Washabaugh

IPC分类号： G01N27/82

CPC分类号： G01N27/904

摘要： Apparatus and methods are described for assessing material condition through magnetic field measurements that provide material property information at multiple depths into the material. The measurements are obtained from sense elements located at different distances from an excitation drive winding, with the area of each sense element adjusted so that the flux of magnetic field through each sense element is approximately the same when over a reference material. These sense element responses can be combined, for example by subtraction, to enhance sensitivity to hidden features, such as cracks beneath fastener heads, while reducing the influence from variable effects, such as fastener material type and placement. Measurement responses can also be converted into effective material properties, using a model that accounts for known properties of the sensor and test material, which are then correlated with the size of the surface breaking or hidden features.

摘要翻译： 描述了用于通过磁场测量来评估材料状况的装置和方法，其在材料的多个深度处提供材料属性信息。 测量是从位于与激励驱动绕组不同距离的感测元件获得的，每个感测元件的面积被调节，使得当超过参考材料时，通过每个感测元件的磁场通量大致相同。 这些感应元件响应可以例如通过减法来组合，以增强对诸如紧固件头部下方的裂纹的隐藏特征的敏感性，同时减少诸如紧固件材料类型和放置的可变效应的影响。 也可以使用考虑传感器和测试材料的已知特性的模型将测量响应转换为有效的材料性质，然后将其与表面破裂或隐藏特征的大小相关联。

公开(公告)号：US20050127908A1

公开(公告)日：2005-06-16

申请号：US10963482

申请日：2004-10-12

申请人： Darrell Schlicker ,  Neil Goldfine ,  David Grundy ,  Robert Lyons ,  Vladimir Zilberstein ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Vladimir Tsukernik ,  Mark Windoloski ,  Ian Shay

发明人： Darrell Schlicker ,  Neil Goldfine ,  David Grundy ,  Robert Lyons ,  Vladimir Zilberstein ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Vladimir Tsukernik ,  Mark Windoloski ,  Ian Shay

IPC分类号： G01N27/02 ,  G01N27/82

CPC分类号： G01N27/023 ,  G01N27/9046

摘要： Methods and apparatus are described for absolute electrical property measurement of materials. This is accomplished with magnetic and electric field based sensors and sensor array geometries that can be modeled accurately and with impedance instrumentation that permits accurate measurements of the in-phase and quadrature phase signal components. A dithering calibration method is also described which allows the measurement to account for background material noise variations. Methods are also described for accounting for noise factors in sensor design and selection of the optimal operating conditions which can minimize the error bounds for material property estimates. Example application of these methods to automated engine disk slot inspection and assessment of the mechanical condition of dielectric materials are presented.

摘要翻译： 对材料的绝对电气性能测量方法和设备进行了描述。 这是通过基于磁场和电场的传感器和传感器阵列几何形状来实现的，其可以被精确地建模并且具有允许精确测量同相和正交相位信号分量的阻抗测量。 还描述了抖动校准方法，其允许测量考虑背景材料噪声变化。 还描述了用于考虑传感器设计中的噪声因子和选择可以最小化材料性能估计的误差界限的最佳操作条件的方法。 介绍了将这些方法应用于自动化引擎盘槽检查和评估介电材料的机械状态。