公开(公告)号：US07161350B2

公开(公告)日：2007-01-09

申请号：US10633905

申请日：2003-08-04

申请人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  David C. Clark ,  Karen E. Walrath ,  Volker Weiss ,  William M. Chepolis ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

发明人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  David C. Clark ,  Karen E. Walrath ,  Volker Weiss ,  William M. Chepolis ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

IPC分类号： G01N27/90 ,  G01N27/82

CPC分类号： G01N27/72 ,  G01B7/24 ,  G01B7/34 ,  G01N27/902 ,  G01R33/12

摘要： Material condition monitoring may be performed by electromagnetic sensors and sensor arrays mounted to the material surface. The sensors typically have a periodic winding or electrode structure that creates a periodic sensing field when driven by an electrical signal. The sensors can be thin and flexible so that they conform to the surface of the test material. They can also be mounted such that they do not significantly modify the environmental exposure conditions for the test material, such as by creating stand-off gaps between the sensor and material surface or by perforating the sensor substrate.

摘要翻译： 材料状态监测可以由安装在材料表面的电磁传感器和传感器阵列执行。 传感器通常具有周期性的绕组或电极结构，其在由电信号驱动时产生周期性感测场。 这些传感器可以是薄而灵活的，以使它们符合测试材料的表面。 它们也可以被安装成使得它们不会显着地改变测试材料的环境暴露条件，例如通过在传感器和材料表面之间产生隔离间隙或通过穿孔传感器基板。

公开(公告)号：US07106055B2

公开(公告)日：2006-09-12

申请号：US10989115

申请日：2004-11-15

申请人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  David C. Grundy ,  Volker Weiss ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh

发明人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  David C. Grundy ,  Volker Weiss ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh

IPC分类号： G01N27/82

CPC分类号： G01N27/90

摘要： Fabrication of samples having material conditions or damage representative of actual components inspected by nondestructive testing involves sensors placed near or mounted on the material surface, such as flexible eddy current sensors or sensor arrays, to monitor the material condition while the sample is being processed. These sample typically have real cracks in or around holes, on curved surfaces, in and under coatings, and on shot peened or otherwise preconditioned surfaces. Processing, such as mechanical or thermal loading to introduce fatigue damage, is stopped once the material condition reaches a predetermined level.

摘要翻译： 通过非破坏性测试来检测具有代表实际部件的材料条件或损坏的样品的制造涉及放置在材料表面附近或安装在材料表面上的传感器，例如柔性涡流传感器或传感器阵列，以在样品被处理时监测材料状况。 这些样品通常在孔中或周围具有真实的裂纹，在弯曲表面上，在涂层内和在涂层下，以及在喷丸硬化或其它预处理的表面上。 一旦材料状态达到预定水平，就停止诸如机械或热负载以引入疲劳损伤的加工。

公开(公告)号：US07049811B2

公开(公告)日：2006-05-23

申请号：US10876002

申请日：2004-06-23

申请人： Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Neil J. Goldfine ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Karen E. Walrath ,  Ian C. Shay ,  David C. Grundy ,  Mark Windoloski

发明人： Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Neil J. Goldfine ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Karen E. Walrath ,  Ian C. Shay ,  David C. Grundy ,  Mark Windoloski

IPC分类号： G01N27/72 ,  G01N27/82 ,  G01R33/12

CPC分类号： G01N27/9033 ,  G01N27/82 ,  G01N27/902 ,  G01N27/904

摘要： A test circuit having a drive winding with parallel conducting segments and a plurality of sense elements used for the nondestructive measurement of materials. The drive winding segments have extended portions and are driven by a time varying electric current to impose a magnetic field in the test material. Sense elements are distributed in a direction parallel to the extended portions of these drive segments, with separate connections provided to each sense element. A second plurality of sense elements may also be distributed parallel to the extended portions of the drive windings, being either aligned or offset from a first plurality of sense elements.

摘要翻译： 一种测试电路，具有具有平行导电段的驱动绕组和用于材料的非破坏性测量的多个感测元件。 驱动绕组段具有延伸部分并且由时变电流驱动以在测试材料中施加磁场。 感测元件沿平行于这些驱动段的延伸部分的方向分布，其中单独的连接提供给每个感测元件。 第二组多个感测元件也可以平行于驱动绕组的延伸部分分布，与第一多个感测元件对准或偏移。

公开(公告)号：US06952095B1

公开(公告)日：2005-10-04

申请号：US09666524

申请日：2000-09-20

申请人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

发明人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

IPC分类号： G01B7/24 ,  G01B7/34 ,  G01N27/90 ,  G01R33/12 ,  G01N27/82 ,  G01N27/72

CPC分类号： G01N27/72 ,  G01B7/24 ,  G01B7/34 ,  G01N27/90 ,  G01N27/902 ,  G01R33/12

摘要： Inductive sensors measure the near surface properties of conducting and magnetic material. A sensor may have primary windings with parallel extended winding segments to impose a spatially periodic magnetic field in a test material. Those extended portions may be formed by adjacent portions of individual drive coils. Sensing elements provided every other half wavelength may be connected together in series while the sensing elements in adjacent half wavelengths are spatially offset. Certain sensors include circular segments which create a circularly symmetric magnetic field that is periodic in the radial direction. Such sensors are particularly adapted to surround fasteners to detect cracks and can be mounted beneath a fastener head. In another sensor, sensing windings are offset along the length of parallel winding segments to provide material measurements over different locations when the circuit is scanned over the test material. The distance from the sensing elements to the ends of the primary winding may be kept constant as the offset space in between sensing elements is varied. An image of the material properties can be provided as the sensor is scanned across the material.

摘要翻译： 感应传感器测量导电和磁性材料的近表面性质。 传感器可以具有平行延伸的绕组段的初级绕组，以在测试材料中施加空间周期的磁场。 这些延伸部分可以由各个驱动线圈的相邻部分形成。 每隔一半波长提供的感测元件可以串联连接在一起，而相邻半波长中的感测元件在空间上偏移。 某些传感器包括产生在径向周期性的圆形对称磁场的圆形段。 这种传感器特别适于围绕紧固件以检测裂缝并且可以安装在紧固件头部下方。 在另一个传感器中，感测绕组沿着平行绕组段的长度偏移，以便在电路扫描测试材料时，通过不同位置提供材料测量。 当感测元件之间的偏移空间变化时，从感测元件到初级绕组的端部的距离可以保持恒定。 当传感器跨越材料扫描时，可以提供材料特性的图像。

公开(公告)号：US08803515B2

公开(公告)日：2014-08-12

申请号：US13024154

申请日：2011-02-09

申请人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  David C. Grundy ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh

发明人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  David C. Grundy ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh

IPC分类号： G01N27/72 ,  G01R33/14

CPC分类号： G01N27/90 ,  G01N27/9033 ,  G01R33/1215

摘要： A substantially planar eddy-current sensor having durability enhancing pillars in an active region is provided. The pillars are distributed and sized so as to have limited effect on the sensor's performance. When the sensor is mounted on a component such that the sensor experiences forces on a top and bottom surface, the pillars bear the load reducing the load bore by the active elements (e.g., drive winding, sense elements). A sensor with redundant drive windings and/or redundant sense elements is disclosed. The redundant elements may be connected to separate electronics. Another aspect relates to providing a reference transformer for calibration of a sensor. The secondary windings of the reference transformer are connected in series with the sense elements of the sensor to be calibrated. Transimpedance measurements are made when the drive winding of the reference transformer is excited. The measurements are used to correct transimpedance measurements made when the drive winding of the sensor is excited. A system having an impedance analyzer and a plurality of multiplexing units is disclosed for monitoring a plurality of sensor. Each multiplexing units directs an excitation signal to the drive winding of a respective sensor and returns, serially, the sense element responses back to the impedance analyzer. The system coordinates the excitation of each sensor and return of the sensor response to share a serial network. The multiplexing units may have a reference transformer for calibration of their respective sensors. Optical communication may be used.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种在有源区域中具有耐久性增强柱的基本平面的涡流传感器。 支柱的分布和尺寸是对传感器性能的影响有限的。 当传感器安装在组件上使得传感器在顶部和底部表面上经受力时，支柱承受由有源元件（例如，驱动绕组，感测元件）减小负载孔的负载。 公开了具有冗余驱动绕组和/或冗余感测元件的传感器。 冗余元件可以连接到单独的电子元件。 另一方面涉及提供用于校准传感器的参考变压器。 参考变压器的次级绕组与要校准的传感器的感测元件串联连接。 当参考变压器的驱动绕组被激励时进行跨阻抗测量。 测量用于校正当传感器的驱动绕组被激励时进行的跨阻抗测量。 公开了一种具有阻抗分析器和多个复用单元的系统，用于监视多个传感器。 每个复用单元将激励信号引导到相应传感器的驱动绕组，并将感测元件响应连续返回到阻抗分析器。 系统协调每个传感器的激励并返回传感器响应以共享串行网络。 复用单元可以具有用于校准其各自传感器的参考变压器。 可以使用光通信。

公开(公告)号：US08237433B2

公开(公告)日：2012-08-07

申请号：US13009370

申请日：2011-01-19

申请人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Ian C. Shay ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  David C. Grundy ,  Robert J. Lyons ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein

发明人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Ian C. Shay ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  David C. Grundy ,  Robert J. Lyons ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein

IPC分类号： G01N27/72 ,  G01N27/90

CPC分类号： G01N27/9013

摘要： Described are methods for monitoring of stresses and other material properties. These methods use measurements of effective electrical properties, such as magnetic permeability and electrical conductivity, to infer the state of the test material, such as the stress, temperature, or overload condition. The sensors, which can be single element sensors or sensor arrays, can be used to periodically inspect selected locations, mounted to the test material, or scanned over the test material to generate two-dimensional images of the material properties. Magnetic field or eddy current based inductive and giant magnetoresistive sensors may be used on magnetizable and/or conducting materials, while capacitive sensors can be used for dielectric materials. Methods are also described for the use of state-sensitive layers to determine the state of materials of interest. These methods allow the weight of articles, such as aircraft, to be determined.

摘要翻译： 描述了用于监测应力和其他材料性质的方法。 这些方法使用诸如磁导率和电导率之类的有效电性能的测量来推断测试材料的状态，例如应力，温度或过载条件。 可以使用可以是单元件传感器或传感器阵列的传感器来周期性地检查安装到测试材料上的选定位置，或者在测试材料上扫描以产生材料性质的二维图像。 基于磁场或涡电流的感应和巨磁阻传感器可用于可磁化和/或导电材料，而电容传感器可用于介电材料。 还描述了使用状态敏感层来确定感兴趣的材料的状态的方法。 这些方法允许确定诸如飞机的物品的重量。

公开(公告)号：US20110210724A1

公开(公告)日：2011-09-01

申请号：US13024154

申请日：2011-02-09

申请人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  David C. Grundy ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh

发明人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  David C. Grundy ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh

IPC分类号： G01R33/12 ,  G01R19/00

CPC分类号： G01N27/90 ,  G01N27/9033 ,  G01R33/1215

摘要： A substantially planar eddy-current sensor having durability enhancing pillars in an active region is provided. The pillars are distributed and sized so as to have limited effect on the sensor's performance. When the sensor is mounted on a component such that the sensor experiences forces on a top and bottom surface, the pillars bear the load reducing the load bore by the active elements (e.g., drive winding, sense elements). A sensor with redundant drive windings and/or redundant sense elements is disclosed. The redundant elements may be connected to separate electronics. Another aspect relates to providing a reference transformer for calibration of a sensor. The secondary windings of the reference transformer are connected in series with the sense elements of the sensor to be calibrated. Transimpedance measurements are made when the drive winding of the reference transformer is excited. The measurements are used to correct transimpedance measurements made when the drive winding of the sensor is excited. A system having an impedance analyzer and a plurality of multiplexing units is disclosed for monitoring a plurality of sensor. Each multiplexing units directs an excitation signal to the drive winding of a respective sensor and returns, serially, the sense element responses back to the impedance analyzer. The system coordinates the excitation of each sensor and return of the sensor response to share a serial network. The multiplexing units may have a reference transformer for calibration of their respective sensors. Optical communication may be used.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种在有源区域中具有耐久性增强柱的基本平面的涡流传感器。 支柱的分布和尺寸是对传感器性能的影响有限的。 当传感器安装在组件上使得传感器在顶部和底部表面上经受力时，支柱承受由有源元件（例如，驱动绕组，感测元件）减小负载孔的负载。 公开了具有冗余驱动绕组和/或冗余感测元件的传感器。 冗余元件可以连接到单独的电子元件。 另一方面涉及提供用于校准传感器的参考变压器。 参考变压器的次级绕组与要校准的传感器的感测元件串联连接。 当参考变压器的驱动绕组被激励时进行跨阻抗测量。 测量用于校正当传感器的驱动绕组被激励时进行的跨阻抗测量。 公开了一种具有阻抗分析器和多个复用单元的系统，用于监视多个传感器。 每个复用单元将激励信号引导到相应传感器的驱动绕组，并将感测元件响应连续返回到阻抗分析器。 系统协调每个传感器的激励并返回传感器响应以共享串行网络。 复用单元可以具有用于校准其各自传感器的参考变压器。 可以使用光通信。

公开(公告)号：US07812601B2

公开(公告)日：2010-10-12

申请号：US12484761

申请日：2009-06-15

申请人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Yanko K. Sheiretov ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Robert J. Lyons ,  Mark D. Windoloski ,  Christopher A. Craven ,  Vladimir B. Tsukernik ,  David C. Grundy

发明人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Yanko K. Sheiretov ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Robert J. Lyons ,  Mark D. Windoloski ,  Christopher A. Craven ,  Vladimir B. Tsukernik ,  David C. Grundy

IPC分类号： G01N27/72 ,  G01N27/90

CPC分类号： G01N27/9046

摘要： Eddy current sensors and sensor arrays are used for process quality and material condition assessment of conducting materials. In an embodiment, changes in spatially registered high resolution images taken before and after cold work processing reflect the quality of the process, such as intensity and coverage. These images also permit the suppression or removal of local outlier variations. Anisotropy in a material property, such as magnetic permeability or electrical conductivity, can be intentionally introduced and used to assess material condition resulting from an operation, such as a cold work or heat treatment. The anisotropy is determined by sensors that provide directional property measurements. The sensor directionality arises from constructs that use a linear conducting drive segment to impose the magnetic field in a test material. Maintaining the orientation of this drive segment, and associated sense elements, relative to a material edge provides enhanced sensitivity for crack detection at edges.

摘要翻译： 涡流传感器和传感器阵列用于导电材料的工艺质量和材料状况评估。 在一个实施例中，在冷加工处理之前和之后拍摄的空间注册的高分辨率图像的变化反映了过程的质量，例如强度和覆盖。 这些图像还允许抑制或去除局部异常值变化。 可以有意地引入材料性质的各向异性，例如磁导率或电导率，以用于评估由诸如冷加工或热处理的操作引起的材料状况。 各向异性由提供定向性质测量的传感器确定。 传感器方向性来自使用线性传导驱动段将磁场施加在测试材料中的结构。 维持该驱动段和相关感测元件相对于材料边缘的方向为边缘处的裂纹检测提供了增强的灵敏度。

公开(公告)号：US07230421B2

公开(公告)日：2007-06-12

申请号：US11071051

申请日：2005-03-02

申请人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Karen E. Walrath ,  Volker Weiss ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein

发明人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Karen E. Walrath ,  Volker Weiss ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein

IPC分类号： G01N27/82 ,  G01N27/72 ,  G01R33/12

CPC分类号： G01N27/72 ,  G01B7/24 ,  G01B7/34 ,  G01N27/90 ,  G01N27/902 ,  G01R33/12

摘要： Reference standards or articles having prescribed levels of damage are fabricated by monitoring an electrical property of the article material, mechanically loading the article, and removing the load when a change in electrical properties indicates a prescribed level of damage. The electrical property is measured with an electromagnetic sensor, such as a flexible eddy current sensor, attached to a material surface, which may be between layers of the article material. The damage may be in the form of a fatigue crack or a change in the mechanical stress underneath the sensor. The shape of the article material may be adjusted to concentrate the stress so that the damage initiates under the sensor. Examples adjustments to the article shape include the use of dogbone geometries with thin center sections, reinforcement ribs on the edges of the article, and radius cut-outs in the vicinity of the thin section.

摘要翻译： 通过监测物品的电气性能，机械装载物品，以及当电气特性的变化表示规定的损伤程度时去除负载，制造具有规定的损伤程度的参考标准或制品。 电气特性用电磁传感器（例如柔性涡流传感器）测量，该传感器连接到材料表面，材料表面可以在物品层之间。 损伤可能是疲劳裂纹的形式或传感器下面的机械应力的变化。 可以调节制品材料的形状以集中应力，使得损伤在传感器下方开始。 对物品形状的实例调整包括使用具有薄中心部分的狗骨形几何形状，在制品的边缘上使用加强筋，以及在薄部分附近使用半径切口。

公开(公告)号：US07161351B2

公开(公告)日：2007-01-09

申请号：US10934103

申请日：2004-09-03

申请人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  David C. Grundy ,  Ian C. Shay ,  Robert J. Lyons ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh

发明人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  David C. Grundy ,  Ian C. Shay ,  Robert J. Lyons ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh

IPC分类号： G01R33/12

CPC分类号： G01N27/9046

摘要： Quasistatic sensor responses may be converted into multiple model parameters to characterize hidden properties of a material. Methods of conversion use databases of responses and, in some cases, databases that include derivatives of the responses, to estimate at least three unknown model parameters, such as the electrical conductivity, magnetic permeability, dielectric permittivity, thermal conductivity, and/or layer thickness. These parameter responses are then used to obtain a quantitative estimate of a property of a hidden feature, such as corrosion loss layer thicknesses, inclusion size and depth, or stress variation. The sensors can be single element sensors or sensor arrays and impose an interrogation electric, magnetic, or thermal field.

摘要翻译： 准静态传感器响应可以转换成多个模型参数来表征材料的隐藏属性。 转换方法使用响应数据库，在某些情况下，包括响应的衍生物的数据库，估计至少三个未知模型参数，如电导率，磁导率，介电常数，导热系数和/或层厚度 。 然后使用这些参数响应来获得隐藏特征的性质的定量估计，例如腐蚀损失层厚度，夹杂物尺寸和深度或应力变化。 这些传感器可以是单元件传感器或传感器阵列，并且会产生询问电磁场或热场。