公开(公告)号：US07451657B2

公开(公告)日：2008-11-18

申请号：US11036780

申请日：2005-01-14

申请人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Volker Weiss ,  Christopher A. Craven ,  Ian C. Shay ,  David C. Grundy ,  Karen E. Walrath ,  Robert J. Lyons

发明人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Volker Weiss ,  Christopher A. Craven ,  Ian C. Shay ,  David C. Grundy ,  Karen E. Walrath ,  Robert J. Lyons

IPC分类号： G01B5/30

CPC分类号： G01N27/9013

摘要： Methods are described for assessing material condition. These methods include the use of multiple source fields for interrogating and loading of a multicomponent test material. Source fields include electric, magnetic, thermal, and acoustic fields. The loading field preferentially changes the material properties of a component of the test material, which allows the properties of the component materials to be separated. Methods are also described for monitoring changes in material state using separate drive and sense electrodes with some of the electrodes positioned on a hidden or even embedded material surface. Statistical characterization of the material condition is performed with sensor arrays that provide multiple responses for the material condition during loading. The responses can be combined into a statistical population that permits tracking with respect to loading history. Methods are also described for measuring the stress in the material by independently estimating effective electrical properties, such as magnetic permeability or electrical conductivity, using layered models or predetermined spatial distributions with depth that are then correlated with the stress.

摘要翻译： 描述了评估材料状况的方法。 这些方法包括使用多个源字段来询问和加载多组分测试材料。 源场包括电，磁，热和声场。 加载场优先改变测试材料的组分的材料性质，这允许分离组分材料的性质。 还描述了用于使用单独的驱动和感测电极来监测材料状态的变化的方法，其中一些电极位于隐藏的或甚至嵌入的材料表面上。 使用传感器阵列进行材料状态的统计表征，这些传感器阵列在加载期间为材料状态提供多个响应。 响应可以组合成允许跟踪加载历史的统计数据。 还描述了通过使用分层模型或具有深度的预定空间分布独立地估计有效电特性（例如磁导率或导电性）来测量材料中的应力的方法，然后与应力相关联。

公开(公告)号：US07161350B2

公开(公告)日：2007-01-09

申请号：US10633905

申请日：2003-08-04

申请人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  David C. Clark ,  Karen E. Walrath ,  Volker Weiss ,  William M. Chepolis ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

发明人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  David C. Clark ,  Karen E. Walrath ,  Volker Weiss ,  William M. Chepolis ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

IPC分类号： G01N27/90 ,  G01N27/82

CPC分类号： G01N27/72 ,  G01B7/24 ,  G01B7/34 ,  G01N27/902 ,  G01R33/12

摘要： Material condition monitoring may be performed by electromagnetic sensors and sensor arrays mounted to the material surface. The sensors typically have a periodic winding or electrode structure that creates a periodic sensing field when driven by an electrical signal. The sensors can be thin and flexible so that they conform to the surface of the test material. They can also be mounted such that they do not significantly modify the environmental exposure conditions for the test material, such as by creating stand-off gaps between the sensor and material surface or by perforating the sensor substrate.

摘要翻译： 材料状态监测可以由安装在材料表面的电磁传感器和传感器阵列执行。 传感器通常具有周期性的绕组或电极结构，其在由电信号驱动时产生周期性感测场。 这些传感器可以是薄而灵活的，以使它们符合测试材料的表面。 它们也可以被安装成使得它们不会显着地改变测试材料的环境暴露条件，例如通过在传感器和材料表面之间产生隔离间隙或通过穿孔传感器基板。

公开(公告)号：US07230421B2

公开(公告)日：2007-06-12

申请号：US11071051

申请日：2005-03-02

申请人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Karen E. Walrath ,  Volker Weiss ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein

发明人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Karen E. Walrath ,  Volker Weiss ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein

IPC分类号： G01N27/82 ,  G01N27/72 ,  G01R33/12

CPC分类号： G01N27/72 ,  G01B7/24 ,  G01B7/34 ,  G01N27/90 ,  G01N27/902 ,  G01R33/12

摘要： Reference standards or articles having prescribed levels of damage are fabricated by monitoring an electrical property of the article material, mechanically loading the article, and removing the load when a change in electrical properties indicates a prescribed level of damage. The electrical property is measured with an electromagnetic sensor, such as a flexible eddy current sensor, attached to a material surface, which may be between layers of the article material. The damage may be in the form of a fatigue crack or a change in the mechanical stress underneath the sensor. The shape of the article material may be adjusted to concentrate the stress so that the damage initiates under the sensor. Examples adjustments to the article shape include the use of dogbone geometries with thin center sections, reinforcement ribs on the edges of the article, and radius cut-outs in the vicinity of the thin section.

摘要翻译： 通过监测物品的电气性能，机械装载物品，以及当电气特性的变化表示规定的损伤程度时去除负载，制造具有规定的损伤程度的参考标准或制品。 电气特性用电磁传感器（例如柔性涡流传感器）测量，该传感器连接到材料表面，材料表面可以在物品层之间。 损伤可能是疲劳裂纹的形式或传感器下面的机械应力的变化。 可以调节制品材料的形状以集中应力，使得损伤在传感器下方开始。 对物品形状的实例调整包括使用具有薄中心部分的狗骨形几何形状，在制品的边缘上使用加强筋，以及在薄部分附近使用半径切口。

公开(公告)号：US07348771B2

公开(公告)日：2008-03-25

申请号：US11522628

申请日：2006-09-18

申请人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Karen E. Walrath ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  Vladimir Tsukemik

发明人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Karen E. Walrath ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  Vladimir Tsukemik

IPC分类号： G01N27/82

CPC分类号： G01N27/72 ,  G01B7/24 ,  G01B7/34 ,  G01N27/902 ,  G01R33/12

摘要： Sensor condition verification may be performed on electromagnetic sensors and sensor arrays mounted to a material surface. The sensors typically have a periodic winding or electrode structure that creates a periodic sensing field when driven by an electrical signal. The sensors can be thin and flexible so that they conform to the surface of the test material. Monitoring the conductivity changes of a test material, with changes in temperature, may provide a mechanism for testing the integrity of the sensor. Changes in the conductivity, due to changes in temperature, without significant lift-off changes may verify the calibration of the sensor and that the sensor elements themselves are intact.

摘要翻译： 可以在安装到材料表面的电磁传感器和传感器阵列上执行传感器状态验证。 传感器通常具有周期性的绕组或电极结构，其在由电信号驱动时产生周期性感测场。 这些传感器可以是薄而灵活的，以使它们符合测试材料的表面。 监测测试材料的电导率变化随着温度的变化，可以提供一种用于测试传感器完整性的机制。 电导率的变化，由于温度的变化，没有明显的剥离变化可以验证传感器的校准，并且传感器元件本身是完整的。

公开(公告)号：US06798198B2

公开(公告)日：2004-09-28

申请号：US10348339

申请日：2003-01-21

申请人： Vladimir Tsukernik ,  Neil J. Goldfine ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Karen E. Walrath ,  Eric Hill ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein

发明人： Vladimir Tsukernik ,  Neil J. Goldfine ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Karen E. Walrath ,  Eric Hill ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein

IPC分类号： G01N2782

CPC分类号： G01N27/82

摘要： Pressurized elastic support structures or balloons are used to press flexible sensors against the surface a material under test. Rigid support elements can also be incorporated into the inspection devices to maintain the basic shape of the inspection structure and to facilitate positioning of the sensors near the test material surface. The rigid supports can have the approximate shape of the test material surface or the pressurization of one or more balloons can be used to conform the sensor to the shape of the test material surface.

摘要翻译： 使用加压的弹性支撑结构或气球将柔性传感器压在表面上，以测试被测材料。 也可以将刚性支撑元件结合到检查装置中，以维持检查结构的基本形状并且便于传感器在测试材料表面附近的定位。 刚性支撑件可以具有测试材料表面的近似形状，或者可以使用一个或多个气囊的加压使传感器与测试材料表面的形状相一致。

公开(公告)号：US07188532B2

公开(公告)日：2007-03-13

申请号：US10937105

申请日：2004-09-08

申请人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  David C. Grundy ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Ian C. Shay ,  Robert J. Lyons ,  Christopher A. Craven ,  Christopher Root ,  Mark D. Windoloski ,  Volker Weiss

发明人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  David C. Grundy ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Ian C. Shay ,  Robert J. Lyons ,  Christopher A. Craven ,  Christopher Root ,  Mark D. Windoloski ,  Volker Weiss

IPC分类号： G01B7/16

CPC分类号： G01N27/902 ,  G01N27/023 ,  G01N27/24 ,  G01N27/904 ,  G01N27/9046 ,  G01N27/9053

摘要： Observability of damage precursor, damage and usage states, or event occurrence may be enhanced by modifying component materials to include self-monitoring materials or by processing test material to alter the surface properties. The properties of the self monitoring materials, such as magnetic permeability or electrical conductivity, are monitored with electromagnetic sensors and provide greater property variations with component condition than the original component material. Processing includes shot peening or laser welding.

摘要翻译： 通过修改组分材料以包括自我监测材料或通过加工测试材料以改变表面性质，可以增强损伤前体，损坏和使用状态或事件发生的可观察性。 使用电磁传感器监测自我监测材料的特性，例如磁导率或电导率，并且与原始组件材料相比，可提供比组件条件更大的性能变化。 处理包括喷丸硬化或激光焊接。

公开(公告)号：US07533575B2

公开(公告)日：2009-05-19

申请号：US11702422

申请日：2007-02-05

申请人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  David C. Grundy ,  Yanko K. Sheiretov ,  Leandro M. Lorilla ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  Volker Weiss ,  J. Timothy Lovett ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh

发明人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  David C. Grundy ,  Yanko K. Sheiretov ,  Leandro M. Lorilla ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  Volker Weiss ,  J. Timothy Lovett ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh

IPC分类号： G01L1/00 ,  G01L1/12 ,  G01B7/24 ,  G01N27/82

CPC分类号： G01L1/125

摘要： Magnetic or electric field sensors are mounted against a material surface and used for stress, strain, and load monitoring of rotating components such as vehicle drive trains. The stationary sensors are mounted at multiple locations around the component and used assess the stress on the component at multiple rotational positions. The sensor response is typically converted into a material property, such as magnetic permeability or electrical conductivity, which accounts for any coating thickness that may be present between the sensor and mounting surface. The sensors are not in direct contact with the rotating component and are typically mounted on an annular material or ring that encircles the rotating component. Measurements of the annular material properties, such as the stress, are related to the stress on the rotating component and discrete features on the component. As a particular example, the rotating component is a planetary gear system, with sensors mounted on the ring gear and the discrete features are carrier plate posts. The sensors are preferably mounted at equal distances around the circumference of the component. The sensors and instrumentation may be removable and reusable for monitoring of additional components.

摘要翻译： 磁场或电场传感器安装在材料表面上，用于对诸如车辆传动系的旋转部件进行应力，应变和负载监测。 固定式传感器安装在组件周围的多个位置，用于评估组件在多个旋转位置的应力。 传感器响应通常被转换成诸如磁导率或导电性的材料性质，其考虑了传感器和安装表面之间可能存在的任何涂层厚度。 传感器不与旋转部件直接接触，并且通常安装在环绕旋转部件的环形材料或环上。 环形材料特性（如应力）的测量与旋转部件上的应力和部件上的离散特征有关。 作为具体示例，旋转部件是行星齿轮系统，其中传感器安装在齿圈上，并且分立的特征是承载板柱。 传感器优选地围绕部件的圆周以相等的距离安装。 传感器和仪器可能是可拆卸的，可重复使用，用于监控附加部件。

公开(公告)号：US06657429B1

公开(公告)日：2003-12-02

申请号：US09666879

申请日：2000-09-20

申请人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein

发明人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein

IPC分类号： G01R3312

CPC分类号： G01N27/9046 ,  G01B7/16 ,  G01B7/24 ,  G01B7/34 ,  G01N27/023 ,  G01N27/72 ,  G01N27/82 ,  G01N27/902 ,  G01R33/12

摘要： Inductive sensors measure the near surface properties of conducting magnetic materials. The sensors generally include parallel winding segments to induce a spatially periodic magnetic field in a material under test. The sensors may provide a directionally dependent measure with measurements made in varying orientations of the sensor with respect to the material property variation directions. The sensors may be thin, conformable sensors that can be mounted on a test material and, for example, monitor crack initiation under the sensor. A second sensor may be left in air to provide a reference measurement, or the temperature of the material under test can be varied to verify the response of the individual sensing elements. Sensors can be mounted to materials under test in order to not modify the environment that is causing the stress being monitored. A sensor may be flexible to conform to the shape of the surface of the material under test and may be mounted in difficult to access locations such as around fasteners of an aircraft. Spatially periodic field eddy current sensors may be scanned across a material to create images of the absolute material property beneath the sensor.

摘要翻译： 感应传感器测量导电磁性材料的近表面性质。 传感器通常包括平行绕组段，以在被测材料中诱发空间周期性的磁场。 传感器可以提供具有方向依赖性的测量，其具有相对于材料特性变化方向在传感器的不同取向上进行的测量。 传感器可以是可以安装在测试材料上的薄的，一致的传感器，并且例如监测传感器下的裂纹发生。 可以将第二传感器留在空气中以提供参考测量，或者可以改变被测材料的温度以验证各个感测元件的响应。 传感器可以安装在被测试材料上，以便不会改变引起应力受监控的环境。 传感器可以是柔性的以符合被测材料的表面的形状，并且可以安装在难以进入的位置，例如飞机的紧固件周围。 可以跨材料扫描空间周期场涡流传感器，以在传感器下方产生绝对材料属性的图像。

公开(公告)号：US07876094B2

公开(公告)日：2011-01-25

申请号：US12080743

申请日：2008-04-04

申请人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Ian C. Shay ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  David C. Grundy ,  Robert J. Lyons ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

发明人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Ian C. Shay ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  David C. Grundy ,  Robert J. Lyons ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

IPC分类号： G01N27/72 ,  G01N27/82 ,  G01N33/12

CPC分类号： G01N27/9013

摘要： Described are methods for monitoring of stresses and other material properties. These methods use measurements of effective electrical properties, such as magnetic permeability and electrical conductivity, to infer the state of the test material, such as the stress, temperature, or overload condition. The sensors, which can be single element sensors or sensor arrays, can be used to periodically inspect selected locations, mounted to the test material, or scanned over the test material to generate two-dimensional images of the material properties. Magnetic field or eddy current based inductive and giant magnetoresistive sensors may be used on magnetizable and/or conducting materials, while capacitive sensors can be used for dielectric materials. Methods are also described for the use of state-sensitive layers to determine the state of materials of interest. These methods allow the weight of articles, such as aircraft, to be determined.

摘要翻译： 描述了用于监测应力和其他材料性质的方法。 这些方法使用诸如磁导率和电导率之类的有效电性能的测量来推断测试材料的状态，例如应力，温度或过载条件。 可以使用可以是单元件传感器或传感器阵列的传感器来周期性地检查安装到测试材料上的选定位置，或者在测试材料上扫描以产生材料性质的二维图像。 基于磁场或涡电流的感应和巨磁阻传感器可用于可磁化和/或导电材料，而电容传感器可用于介电材料。 还描述了使用状态敏感层来确定感兴趣的材料的状态的方法。 这些方法允许确定诸如飞机的物品的重量。

公开(公告)号：US07518360B2

公开(公告)日：2009-04-14

申请号：US11809555

申请日：2007-06-01

申请人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Ian C. Shav ,  Mark D. Windoloski ,  Christopher Root ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  David C. Grundy ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

发明人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Ian C. Shav ,  Mark D. Windoloski ,  Christopher Root ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  David C. Grundy ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

IPC分类号： G01N27/82 ,  G01R33/12

CPC分类号： G01N27/9046 ,  G01N27/82

摘要： Combined wound and micro-fabricated winding constructs are described for the inspection of materials and the detection and characterization of hidden features or flaws. These constructs can be configured as sensors or sensor arrays that are surface mounted or scanned over conducting and/or magnetizable test materials. The well-defined geometry obtained micro-fabricated windings and from carefully wound coils with known winding positions permits the use of model based inversions of sensed responses into material properties. In a preferred embodiment, the primary winding is a wound coil and the sense elements are etched or printed. The drive or sense windings can also be mounted under fasteners to improve sensitivity to hidden flaws. Ferrites and other means may be used to guide the magnetic flux and enhance the magnetic field in the test material.

摘要翻译： 描述了组合伤口和微制造的缠绕结构，用于材料的检查和隐藏特征或缺陷的检测和表征。 这些结构可以配置为在导电和/或可磁化测试材料上进行表面安装或扫描的传感器或传感器阵列。 精确定义的几何形状获得微制造的绕组和从已知缠绕位置的小心缠绕的线圈允许使用基于模型的感测响应的反演到材料特性中。 在优选实施例中，初级绕组是缠绕线圈，并且感测元件被蚀刻或印刷。 驱动或感测绕组也可以安装在紧固件下，以提高对隐藏缺陷的敏感性。 可以使用铁氧体等手段来引导磁通量并增强测试材料中的磁场。