公开(公告)号：US08981018B2

公开(公告)日：2015-03-17

申请号：US11079912

申请日：2005-03-14

申请人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  Ian C. Shay ,  Christopher A. Craven ,  David C. Grundy ,  Volker Weiss ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh

发明人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  Ian C. Shay ,  Christopher A. Craven ,  David C. Grundy ,  Volker Weiss ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh

IPC分类号： G01N27/00 ,  G01R33/00 ,  G01B7/00 ,  G05D23/22 ,  G05D23/24 ,  G05D23/26

CPC分类号： G01N27/02 ,  G01N19/00 ,  G01N25/00 ,  G01N27/60 ,  G01N27/72 ,  G05D23/1931 ,  G05D23/22 ,  G05D23/24 ,  G05D23/26

摘要： The condition of internal or hidden material layers or interfaces is monitored and used for control of a process that changes a condition of a material system. The material system has multiple component materials, such as layers or embedded constituents, or can be represented with multiple layers to model spatial distributions in the material properties. The material condition changes as a result of a process performed on the material, such as by cold working, or from functional operation. Sensors placed proximate to the test material surface or embedded between material layers are used to monitor a material property using magnetic, electric, or thermal interrogation fields. The sensor responses are converted into states of the material condition, such as temperature or residual stress, typically with a precomputed database of sensor responses. The sensor responses can also be used to determine properties of the test material, such as electrical conductivity or magnetic permeability, prior to conversion to the material state. The states are used to support control decisions that control the process or operation causing the material condition to change.

摘要翻译： 监控内部或隐藏的材料层或界面的状况，并用于控制改变材料系统状态的过程。 材料系统具有多种组分材料，例如层或嵌入组分，或者可以用多层来表示材料性质中的空间分布。 材料状态由于通过冷加工或功能操作在材料上进行的过程而改变。 使用放置在测试材料表面附近或嵌入材料层之间的传感器用于使用磁，电或热询问场监测材料特性。 传感器响应被转换为材料状态的状态，例如温度或残余应力，通常具有传感器响应的预计算数据库。 在转换到材料状态之前，传感器响应也可用于确定测试材料的性质，例如导电性或磁导率。 这些状态用于支持控制过程或操作的控制决策，从而导致材料状况发生变化。

公开(公告)号：US07451657B2

公开(公告)日：2008-11-18

申请号：US11036780

申请日：2005-01-14

申请人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Volker Weiss ,  Christopher A. Craven ,  Ian C. Shay ,  David C. Grundy ,  Karen E. Walrath ,  Robert J. Lyons

发明人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Volker Weiss ,  Christopher A. Craven ,  Ian C. Shay ,  David C. Grundy ,  Karen E. Walrath ,  Robert J. Lyons

IPC分类号： G01B5/30

CPC分类号： G01N27/9013

摘要： Methods are described for assessing material condition. These methods include the use of multiple source fields for interrogating and loading of a multicomponent test material. Source fields include electric, magnetic, thermal, and acoustic fields. The loading field preferentially changes the material properties of a component of the test material, which allows the properties of the component materials to be separated. Methods are also described for monitoring changes in material state using separate drive and sense electrodes with some of the electrodes positioned on a hidden or even embedded material surface. Statistical characterization of the material condition is performed with sensor arrays that provide multiple responses for the material condition during loading. The responses can be combined into a statistical population that permits tracking with respect to loading history. Methods are also described for measuring the stress in the material by independently estimating effective electrical properties, such as magnetic permeability or electrical conductivity, using layered models or predetermined spatial distributions with depth that are then correlated with the stress.

摘要翻译： 描述了评估材料状况的方法。 这些方法包括使用多个源字段来询问和加载多组分测试材料。 源场包括电，磁，热和声场。 加载场优先改变测试材料的组分的材料性质，这允许分离组分材料的性质。 还描述了用于使用单独的驱动和感测电极来监测材料状态的变化的方法，其中一些电极位于隐藏的或甚至嵌入的材料表面上。 使用传感器阵列进行材料状态的统计表征，这些传感器阵列在加载期间为材料状态提供多个响应。 响应可以组合成允许跟踪加载历史的统计数据。 还描述了通过使用分层模型或具有深度的预定空间分布独立地估计有效电特性（例如磁导率或导电性）来测量材料中的应力的方法，然后与应力相关联。

公开(公告)号：US07106055B2

公开(公告)日：2006-09-12

申请号：US10989115

申请日：2004-11-15

申请人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  David C. Grundy ,  Volker Weiss ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh

发明人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  David C. Grundy ,  Volker Weiss ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh

IPC分类号： G01N27/82

CPC分类号： G01N27/90

摘要： Fabrication of samples having material conditions or damage representative of actual components inspected by nondestructive testing involves sensors placed near or mounted on the material surface, such as flexible eddy current sensors or sensor arrays, to monitor the material condition while the sample is being processed. These sample typically have real cracks in or around holes, on curved surfaces, in and under coatings, and on shot peened or otherwise preconditioned surfaces. Processing, such as mechanical or thermal loading to introduce fatigue damage, is stopped once the material condition reaches a predetermined level.

摘要翻译： 通过非破坏性测试来检测具有代表实际部件的材料条件或损坏的样品的制造涉及放置在材料表面附近或安装在材料表面上的传感器，例如柔性涡流传感器或传感器阵列，以在样品被处理时监测材料状况。 这些样品通常在孔中或周围具有真实的裂纹，在弯曲表面上，在涂层内和在涂层下，以及在喷丸硬化或其它预处理的表面上。 一旦材料状态达到预定水平，就停止诸如机械或热负载以引入疲劳损伤的加工。

公开(公告)号：US07188532B2

公开(公告)日：2007-03-13

申请号：US10937105

申请日：2004-09-08

申请人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  David C. Grundy ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Ian C. Shay ,  Robert J. Lyons ,  Christopher A. Craven ,  Christopher Root ,  Mark D. Windoloski ,  Volker Weiss

发明人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  David C. Grundy ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Ian C. Shay ,  Robert J. Lyons ,  Christopher A. Craven ,  Christopher Root ,  Mark D. Windoloski ,  Volker Weiss

IPC分类号： G01B7/16

CPC分类号： G01N27/902 ,  G01N27/023 ,  G01N27/24 ,  G01N27/904 ,  G01N27/9046 ,  G01N27/9053

摘要： Observability of damage precursor, damage and usage states, or event occurrence may be enhanced by modifying component materials to include self-monitoring materials or by processing test material to alter the surface properties. The properties of the self monitoring materials, such as magnetic permeability or electrical conductivity, are monitored with electromagnetic sensors and provide greater property variations with component condition than the original component material. Processing includes shot peening or laser welding.

摘要翻译： 通过修改组分材料以包括自我监测材料或通过加工测试材料以改变表面性质，可以增强损伤前体，损坏和使用状态或事件发生的可观察性。 使用电磁传感器监测自我监测材料的特性，例如磁导率或电导率，并且与原始组件材料相比，可提供比组件条件更大的性能变化。 处理包括喷丸硬化或激光焊接。

公开(公告)号：US07533575B2

公开(公告)日：2009-05-19

申请号：US11702422

申请日：2007-02-05

申请人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  David C. Grundy ,  Yanko K. Sheiretov ,  Leandro M. Lorilla ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  Volker Weiss ,  J. Timothy Lovett ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh

发明人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  David C. Grundy ,  Yanko K. Sheiretov ,  Leandro M. Lorilla ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  Volker Weiss ,  J. Timothy Lovett ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh

IPC分类号： G01L1/00 ,  G01L1/12 ,  G01B7/24 ,  G01N27/82

CPC分类号： G01L1/125

摘要： Magnetic or electric field sensors are mounted against a material surface and used for stress, strain, and load monitoring of rotating components such as vehicle drive trains. The stationary sensors are mounted at multiple locations around the component and used assess the stress on the component at multiple rotational positions. The sensor response is typically converted into a material property, such as magnetic permeability or electrical conductivity, which accounts for any coating thickness that may be present between the sensor and mounting surface. The sensors are not in direct contact with the rotating component and are typically mounted on an annular material or ring that encircles the rotating component. Measurements of the annular material properties, such as the stress, are related to the stress on the rotating component and discrete features on the component. As a particular example, the rotating component is a planetary gear system, with sensors mounted on the ring gear and the discrete features are carrier plate posts. The sensors are preferably mounted at equal distances around the circumference of the component. The sensors and instrumentation may be removable and reusable for monitoring of additional components.

摘要翻译： 磁场或电场传感器安装在材料表面上，用于对诸如车辆传动系的旋转部件进行应力，应变和负载监测。 固定式传感器安装在组件周围的多个位置，用于评估组件在多个旋转位置的应力。 传感器响应通常被转换成诸如磁导率或导电性的材料性质，其考虑了传感器和安装表面之间可能存在的任何涂层厚度。 传感器不与旋转部件直接接触，并且通常安装在环绕旋转部件的环形材料或环上。 环形材料特性（如应力）的测量与旋转部件上的应力和部件上的离散特征有关。 作为具体示例，旋转部件是行星齿轮系统，其中传感器安装在齿圈上，并且分立的特征是承载板柱。 传感器优选地围绕部件的圆周以相等的距离安装。 传感器和仪器可能是可拆卸的，可重复使用，用于监控附加部件。

公开(公告)号：US07876094B2

公开(公告)日：2011-01-25

申请号：US12080743

申请日：2008-04-04

申请人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Ian C. Shay ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  David C. Grundy ,  Robert J. Lyons ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

发明人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Ian C. Shay ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  David C. Grundy ,  Robert J. Lyons ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

IPC分类号： G01N27/72 ,  G01N27/82 ,  G01N33/12

CPC分类号： G01N27/9013

摘要： Described are methods for monitoring of stresses and other material properties. These methods use measurements of effective electrical properties, such as magnetic permeability and electrical conductivity, to infer the state of the test material, such as the stress, temperature, or overload condition. The sensors, which can be single element sensors or sensor arrays, can be used to periodically inspect selected locations, mounted to the test material, or scanned over the test material to generate two-dimensional images of the material properties. Magnetic field or eddy current based inductive and giant magnetoresistive sensors may be used on magnetizable and/or conducting materials, while capacitive sensors can be used for dielectric materials. Methods are also described for the use of state-sensitive layers to determine the state of materials of interest. These methods allow the weight of articles, such as aircraft, to be determined.

摘要翻译： 描述了用于监测应力和其他材料性质的方法。 这些方法使用诸如磁导率和电导率之类的有效电性能的测量来推断测试材料的状态，例如应力，温度或过载条件。 可以使用可以是单元件传感器或传感器阵列的传感器来周期性地检查安装到测试材料上的选定位置，或者在测试材料上扫描以产生材料性质的二维图像。 基于磁场或涡电流的感应和巨磁阻传感器可用于可磁化和/或导电材料，而电容传感器可用于介电材料。 还描述了使用状态敏感层来确定感兴趣的材料的状态的方法。 这些方法允许确定诸如飞机的物品的重量。

公开(公告)号：US07518360B2

公开(公告)日：2009-04-14

申请号：US11809555

申请日：2007-06-01

申请人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Ian C. Shav ,  Mark D. Windoloski ,  Christopher Root ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  David C. Grundy ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

发明人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Ian C. Shav ,  Mark D. Windoloski ,  Christopher Root ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  David C. Grundy ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

IPC分类号： G01N27/82 ,  G01R33/12

CPC分类号： G01N27/9046 ,  G01N27/82

摘要： Combined wound and micro-fabricated winding constructs are described for the inspection of materials and the detection and characterization of hidden features or flaws. These constructs can be configured as sensors or sensor arrays that are surface mounted or scanned over conducting and/or magnetizable test materials. The well-defined geometry obtained micro-fabricated windings and from carefully wound coils with known winding positions permits the use of model based inversions of sensed responses into material properties. In a preferred embodiment, the primary winding is a wound coil and the sense elements are etched or printed. The drive or sense windings can also be mounted under fasteners to improve sensitivity to hidden flaws. Ferrites and other means may be used to guide the magnetic flux and enhance the magnetic field in the test material.

摘要翻译： 描述了组合伤口和微制造的缠绕结构，用于材料的检查和隐藏特征或缺陷的检测和表征。 这些结构可以配置为在导电和/或可磁化测试材料上进行表面安装或扫描的传感器或传感器阵列。 精确定义的几何形状获得微制造的绕组和从已知缠绕位置的小心缠绕的线圈允许使用基于模型的感测响应的反演到材料特性中。 在优选实施例中，初级绕组是缠绕线圈，并且感测元件被蚀刻或印刷。 驱动或感测绕组也可以安装在紧固件下，以提高对隐藏缺陷的敏感性。 可以使用铁氧体等手段来引导磁通量并增强测试材料中的磁场。

公开(公告)号：US20080258720A1

公开(公告)日：2008-10-23

申请号：US11809555

申请日：2007-06-01

申请人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Ian C. Shav ,  Mark D. Windoloski ,  Christopher Root ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  David C. Grundy ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

发明人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  Ian C. Shav ,  Mark D. Windoloski ,  Christopher Root ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein ,  David C. Grundy ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

IPC分类号： G01N27/82

CPC分类号： G01N27/9046 ,  G01N27/82

摘要： Combined wound and micro-fabricated winding constructs are described for the inspection of materials and the detection and characterization of hidden features or flaws. These constructs can be configured as sensors or sensor arrays that are surface mounted or scanned over conducting and/or magnetizable test materials. The well-defined geometry obtained micro-fabricated windings and from carefully wound coils with known winding positions permits the use of model based inversions of sensed responses into material properties. In a preferred embodiment, the primary winding is a wound coil and the sense elements are etched or printed. The drive or sense windings can also be mounted under fasteners to improve sensitivity to hidden flaws. Ferrites and other means may be used to guide the magnetic flux and enhance the magnetic field in the test material.

摘要翻译： 描述了组合伤口和微制造的缠绕结构，用于材料的检查和隐藏特征或缺陷的检测和表征。 这些结构可以配置为在导电和/或可磁化测试材料上进行表面安装或扫描的传感器或传感器阵列。 精确定义的几何形状获得微制造的绕组和从已知缠绕位置的小心缠绕的线圈允许使用基于模型的感测响应的反演到材料特性中。 在优选实施例中，初级绕组是缠绕线圈，并且感测元件被蚀刻或印刷。 驱动或感测绕组也可以安装在紧固件下，以提高对隐藏缺陷的敏感性。 可以使用铁氧体等手段来引导磁通量并增强测试材料中的磁场。

公开(公告)号：US07280940B2

公开(公告)日：2007-10-09

申请号：US11371315

申请日：2006-03-07

申请人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Yanko K Sheiretov ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  David C. Grundy ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein

发明人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Yanko K Sheiretov ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  David C. Grundy ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein

IPC分类号： G06F15/00

CPC分类号： G01N22/00

摘要： The condition of insulating and semiconducting dielectric materials is assessed by a sensor array that uses electric fields to interrogate the test material. The sensor has a linear array of parallel drive conductors interconnected to form a single drive electrode and sense conductors placed on each side of and parallel to a drive conductor. Subsets of the sense conductors are interconnected to form at least two sense elements sensitive to different material regions. The sense conductors may be at different distances to the drive conductors, enabling measurement sensitivity to different depths into the test material. The material condition is assessed directly from the sense element responses or after conversion to an effective material property, such as an electrical conductivity or dielectric permittivity.

摘要翻译： 绝缘和半导体介电材料的条件通过使用电场询问测试材料的传感器阵列来评估。 传感器具有互连以形成单个驱动电极的线性阵列和放置在驱动导体的平行于驱动导体的每一侧上的感测导体。 感测导体的子集互连以形成对不同材料区域敏感的至少两个感测元件。 感测导体可以距离驱动导体不同的距离，使测量灵敏度不同于测试材料的深度。 材料条件直接由感应元件响应或转换为有效材料性质（如导电率或介电常数）进行评估。

公开(公告)号：US08237433B2

公开(公告)日：2012-08-07

申请号：US13009370

申请日：2011-01-19

申请人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Ian C. Shay ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  David C. Grundy ,  Robert J. Lyons ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein

发明人： Neil J. Goldfine ,  Ian C. Shay ,  Darrell E. Schlicker ,  Andrew P. Washabaugh ,  David C. Grundy ,  Robert J. Lyons ,  Vladimir A. Zilberstein

IPC分类号： G01N27/72 ,  G01N27/90

CPC分类号： G01N27/9013

摘要： Described are methods for monitoring of stresses and other material properties. These methods use measurements of effective electrical properties, such as magnetic permeability and electrical conductivity, to infer the state of the test material, such as the stress, temperature, or overload condition. The sensors, which can be single element sensors or sensor arrays, can be used to periodically inspect selected locations, mounted to the test material, or scanned over the test material to generate two-dimensional images of the material properties. Magnetic field or eddy current based inductive and giant magnetoresistive sensors may be used on magnetizable and/or conducting materials, while capacitive sensors can be used for dielectric materials. Methods are also described for the use of state-sensitive layers to determine the state of materials of interest. These methods allow the weight of articles, such as aircraft, to be determined.

摘要翻译： 描述了用于监测应力和其他材料性质的方法。 这些方法使用诸如磁导率和电导率之类的有效电性能的测量来推断测试材料的状态，例如应力，温度或过载条件。 可以使用可以是单元件传感器或传感器阵列的传感器来周期性地检查安装到测试材料上的选定位置，或者在测试材料上扫描以产生材料性质的二维图像。 基于磁场或涡电流的感应和巨磁阻传感器可用于可磁化和/或导电材料，而电容传感器可用于介电材料。 还描述了使用状态敏感层来确定感兴趣的材料的状态的方法。 这些方法允许确定诸如飞机的物品的重量。