公开(公告)号：US4437972A

公开(公告)日：1984-03-20

申请号：US346438

申请日：1982-02-08

申请人： Francis J. Derbyshire ,  Philip Varghese

发明人： Francis J. Derbyshire ,  Philip Varghese

IPC分类号： C10G1/00 ,  C10G1/06 ,  C10G3/00

CPC分类号： C10G1/065 ,  C10G1/002

摘要： The invention provides a process for yielding a thermally cracked, demetallated and partially denitrogenated fuel product suitable for upgrading. Coal and highly paraffinic, non-thermally cracked, non-aromatic petroleum residua are combined and heated under controlled conditions to effect the separation of unconverted solids from the resulting liquid effluent. The effluent is then cooled in order to separate out the highly aromatic and polar asphaltenic compounds.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供一种用于产生适于升级的热裂化，脱金属和部分脱氮的燃料产品的方法。 将煤和高度链烷烃，非热裂解的非芳族石油残余物混合并在受控条件下加热以实现未转化的固体与所得液体流出物的分离。 然后将流出物冷却以分离高度芳族和极性的沥青化合物。

公开(公告)号：US4395324A

公开(公告)日：1983-07-26

申请号：US317036

申请日：1981-11-02

申请人： Francis J. Derbyshire ,  Philip Varghese ,  Darrell D. Whitehurst

发明人： Francis J. Derbyshire ,  Philip Varghese ,  Darrell D. Whitehurst

IPC分类号： C10G1/06 ,  C10G45/46 ,  C10G47/34 ,  C10G67/04

CPC分类号： C10G45/46 ,  C10G47/34

摘要： An improved hydrogen donor for hydrogen donor diluent cracking is provided by extraction with naphtha from the cracked product and hydrogenation by hydrogen transfer from a lower boiling hydrogen donor such as tetralin.

摘要翻译： 通过用裂解产物的石脑油萃取并通过从低沸点氢供体如四氢化萘的氢转移氢化来提供用于氢供体稀释剂裂化的改进的氢供体。

公开(公告)号：US08373855B2

公开(公告)日：2013-02-12

申请号：US13016966

申请日：2011-01-29

申请人： Manfred Fink ,  Philip Varghese

发明人： Manfred Fink ,  Philip Varghese

IPC分类号： G01N3/44

CPC分类号： G01J3/44 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0286 ,  G01J3/0291 ,  G01N21/15 ,  G01N21/65 ,  G01N2021/651

摘要： A Raman head is provided capable of operating at high surrounding pressures. The Raman head has housing having a first, sealed chamber filled with an incompressible liquid and a second chamber that is open to the surrounding environment. At least one bellows can be used to equalize pressure between the first sealed chamber and the surrounding environment. A planar side of a pair of plano-concave lens is positioned within the first chamber and the concave side of each plano-concave lens is positioned within the second chamber of the Raman head. Light emitted as a result of a laser beam in communication with the pair of plano-concave lens can be analyzed by a Raman analyzer.

摘要翻译： 提供能够在高周围压力下操作的拉曼头。 拉曼头具有壳体，其具有填充有不可压缩液体的第一密封室和对周围环境开放的第二室。 可以使用至少一个波纹管来均衡第一密封室和周围环境之间的压力。 一对平凹透镜的平面侧位于第一室内，并且每个平凹透镜的凹面位于拉曼头的第二室内。 作为与一对平凹透镜连通的激光束发射的光可以通过拉曼分析仪进行分析。

公开(公告)号：US4659454A

公开(公告)日：1987-04-21

申请号：US782187

申请日：1985-09-30

申请人： Philip Varghese ,  Darrell D. Whitehurst

发明人： Philip Varghese ,  Darrell D. Whitehurst

IPC分类号： C10G47/26 ,  C10G47/02

CPC分类号： C10G47/26

摘要： Catalytic hydroconversion of a relatively heavy hydrocarbon residual fraction is effected in the presence of a lighter oil fraction by adding a thermally decomposable metal compound to the oil, along with an acidic catalyst solid to the oil, and passing the mixture to a hydroconversion zone containing hydrogen at an elevated temperature. Preferred metals are cobalt and molybdenum. Preferred solids are large pore zeolites, silica/alumina, clays and surface activated metal oxides.

摘要翻译： 通过向油中加入可热分解的金属化合物以及向油中加入酸性催化剂固体，在较轻油馏分存在下进行相对重质烃残余馏分的催化加氢转化，并将混合物通入含氢的加氢转化区 在高温下。 优选的金属是钴和钼。 优选的固体是大孔沸石，二氧化硅/氧化铝，粘土和表面活化的金属氧化物。

公开(公告)号：US4610777A

公开(公告)日：1986-09-09

申请号：US641096

申请日：1984-08-15

申请人： Philip Varghese

发明人： Philip Varghese

IPC分类号： C10G1/08 ,  C10G1/00

CPC分类号： C10G1/086 ,  C10G1/083 ,  Y10S208/952

摘要： A method for the liquefaction of coal under coal liquefaction conditions in the presence of manganese nodules in combination with an improved coal liquefaction solvent. Liquid yields are increased when the solvent, containing substantially only polycondensed aromatic systems or components that possess polargraphic reduction potentials equal to or greater than about -2.4 volts, is utilized in the reaction. During the reaction the polycondensed aromatic compounds, in the presence of manganese, are selectively and rapidly hydrogenated leading to increased liquefaction of coal.

摘要翻译： 一种在改善的煤液化溶剂的情况下，在锰结核存在的情况下，煤液化条件下煤的液化方法。 当反应中使用含有基本上仅具有等于或大于约-2.4伏特的极化还原电位的缩聚芳族体系或组分的溶剂时，液体产率增加。 在反应过程中，缩聚芳族化合物在锰的存在下被选择性地快速氢化，导致煤的液化增加。

公开(公告)号：US4578181A

公开(公告)日：1986-03-25

申请号：US624304

申请日：1984-06-25

申请人： Eric G. Derouane ,  Philip Varghese

发明人： Eric G. Derouane ,  Philip Varghese

IPC分类号： C10G47/06 ,  C10G47/26 ,  C10G11/06 ,  C10G47/12 ,  C10G47/20

CPC分类号： C10G47/26 ,  C10G47/06

摘要： A process of preparing a highly dispersed (colloidal or submicron size) heterogeneous catalyst for the hydrothermal conversion of heavy oils and residua is described. The process comprises preparing a reverse micellar dispersion by mixing water, an organic solvent, and an ionic or neutral surfactant to which is added an aqueous solution of a metal salt. The metal salt is reduced to a colloidal dispersion of the catalyst in a mixed water-organic liquid phase. The colloidal catalyst is then blended into resid or heavy oil fractions, and the blend is treated under hydrothermal conditions.

摘要翻译： 描述了制备用于重油和残余物的水热转化的高度分散（胶体或亚微米尺寸）的非均相催化剂的方法。 该方法包括通过混合水，有机溶剂和加入金属盐水溶液的离子或中性表面活性剂制备反胶束分散体。 金属盐在混合水 - 有机液相中还原成催化剂的胶态分散体。 然后将胶体催化剂混合到渣油或重油馏分中，并在水热条件下处理该共混物。

公开(公告)号：US4440622A

公开(公告)日：1984-04-03

申请号：US391280

申请日：1982-06-23

申请人： Francis J. Derbyshire ,  Philip Varghese ,  Darrell D. Whitehurst

发明人： Francis J. Derbyshire ,  Philip Varghese ,  Darrell D. Whitehurst

IPC分类号： C10G1/00 ,  C07C1/00

CPC分类号： C10G1/002

摘要： Coal is processed by liquefying the coal with a hydrogen-donor solvent under a short-contact-time liquefaction, separating the coal liquid effluent into liquid phases of distinct polarity and an undissolved coal residue, upgrading a portion of the liquid phase, gasifying the residue and high polarity coal liquid to produce a synthesis gas which is used to form methanol. The methanol is catalytically converted to gasoline products. Solvents for liquefaction and effluent separation can be derived from the upgraded liquid phase, methanol and gasoline products. Hydrogen for liquefaction, methanol synthesis and upgrading is derived from the synthesis gas.

摘要翻译： 通过在短时间液化下用氢供体溶剂液化煤来分解煤，将煤液流出物分离成不同极性的液相和未溶解的煤渣，升级一部分液相，气化残渣 和高极性煤液，以产生用于形成甲醇的合成气。 甲醇被催化转化为汽油产品。 用于液化和流出物分离的溶剂可以从升级后的液相，甲醇和汽油产品中得到。 用于液化，甲醇合成和升级的氢气来自合成气。

公开(公告)号：US20130003055A1

公开(公告)日：2013-01-03

申请号：US13341352

申请日：2011-12-30

申请人： Jacek Borysow ,  Manfred Fink ,  Philip Varghese

发明人： Jacek Borysow ,  Manfred Fink ,  Philip Varghese

IPC分类号： G01J3/44

CPC分类号： G01J3/44 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0208 ,  G01N21/65

摘要： A compact, ultra-sensitive, inexpensive NIR spontaneous Raman spectrometer is presented. High sensitivity is achieved by the use of a multi-pass cell configuration combined with the electromotive properties of silicon crystal surface. A thin layer of silicon oxide chemisorbs molecules, which stick to its surface without altering their spectroscopic signatures. This new Raman spectrometer may be used to detect less than 40 ng (≈0.5 n mol) of ammonium nitrate deposited on the silicon surface with the signal-to-noise ratio better than 50 during 0.1 s recording time and for an illuminated area of 2×10−8 m2. These results may be useful in many areas, for example the foundation of an extended project to record the dissolved NO3− ions in a large river such as the Mississippi.

摘要翻译： 提出了一种紧凑，超灵敏，廉价的NIR自发拉曼光谱仪。 通过使用与硅晶体表面的电动特性结合的多通孔电池配置来实现高灵敏度。 氧化硅化学吸附分子的薄层，粘附到其表面而不改变它们的光谱特征。 这种新的拉曼光谱仪可用于检测沉积在硅表面上的小于40ng（≈0.5nmol）的硝酸铵，在0.1秒的记录时间内信噪比优于50，对于2的照明面积 ×10-8平方米。 这些结果可能在许多领域都是有用的，例如扩大项目的基础，以便在诸如密西西比河等大型河流中记录溶解的NO3-离子。

公开(公告)号：US08111394B1

公开(公告)日：2012-02-07

申请号：US13078777

申请日：2011-04-01

申请人： Jacek Borysow ,  Manfred Fink ,  Philip Varghese

发明人： Jacek Borysow ,  Manfred Fink ,  Philip Varghese

IPC分类号： G01J3/44

CPC分类号： G01J3/44 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0208 ,  G01N21/65

摘要： A compact, ultra-sensitive, inexpensive NIR spontaneous Raman spectrometer is presented. High sensitivity is achieved by the use of a multi-pass cell configuration combined with the electromotive properties of silicon crystal surface. A thin layer of silicon oxide chemisorbs molecules, which stick to its surface without altering their spectroscopic signatures. This new Raman spectrometer may be used to detect less than 40 ng (≈0.5 n mol) of ammonium nitrate deposited on the silicon surface with the signal-to-noise ratio better than 50 during 0.1 s recording time and for an illuminated area of 2x10−8 m2. These results may be useful in many areas, for example the foundation of an extended project to record the dissolved NO3− ions in a large river such as the Mississippi.

摘要翻译： 提出了一种紧凑，超灵敏，廉价的NIR自发拉曼光谱仪。 通过使用与硅晶体表面的电动特性结合的多通孔电池配置来实现高灵敏度。 氧化硅化学吸附分子的薄层，粘附到其表面而不改变它们的光谱特征。 这种新的拉曼光谱仪可用于检测沉积在硅表面上的少于40 ng（≈0.5n mol）的硝酸铵，其信噪比在0.1 s记录时间内优于50，对于2x10的照明面积 -8平方米。 这些结果可能在许多领域都是有用的，例如扩大项目的基础，以便在诸如密西西比河等大型河流中记录溶解的NO3-离子。

公开(公告)号：US5144084A

公开(公告)日：1992-09-01

申请号：US798017

申请日：1991-11-20

申请人： Charles M. Sorensen ,  Philip Varghese ,  David O. Marler

发明人： Charles M. Sorensen ,  Philip Varghese ,  David O. Marler

IPC分类号： B01J29/06 ,  C07C29/04 ,  C07C41/06

CPC分类号： C07C41/06 ,  C07C29/04 ,  C07C41/09 ,  B01J2229/42 ,  B01J29/06

摘要： Olefins are converted to alcohols and/or ethers employing, as catalyst, an acidic zeolite which has been bound with an essentially non-acidic refractory oxide of at least one metal of Group IVA and/or IVB of the Period Table of the Elements, e.g., silica, titania, zirconia and/or germania.

摘要翻译： 使用已经与元素周期表中IVA族和/或IVB族的至少一种金属的基本上非酸性耐火氧化物结合的酸性沸石作为催化剂将烯烃转化为醇和/或醚，例如 ，二氧化硅，二氧化钛，氧化锆和/或锗酸盐。