Abstract:
A memory device including a three-dimensional racetrack and an operating method of the memory device are provided. The memory device includes a first racetrack, a first transistor, a first domain index controller, a bit line driver, a plurality of first magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) elements, a plurality of first cell transistors, and a source line driver.
Abstract:
A compressed-truncated singular value decomposition (C-TSVD) based crossbar array apparatus is provided. The C-TSVD based crossbar array apparatus may include an original crossbar array in an m×n matrix having row input lines and column output lines and including cells of a resistance memory device, or two partial crossbar arrays obtained by decomposing the original crossbar array based on C-TSVD, an analog to digital converter (ADC) that converts output values of column output lines of sub-arrays obtained through array partitioning, an adder that sums up results of the ADC to correspond to the column output lines, and a controller that controls application of the original crossbar array or the two partial crossbar arrays. Input values are input to the row input lines, a weight is multiplied by the input values and accumulated results are output as output values of the column output lines.
Abstract:
Phase-change memory devices are provided. A phase-change memory device may include a substrate and a conductive region on the substrate. Moreover, the phase-change memory device may include a lower electrode on the conductive region. The lower electrode may include a metal silicide layer on the conductive region, and a metal silicon nitride layer including a resistivity of about 10 to about 100 times that of the metal silicide layer. Moreover, the lower electrode may include a metal oxide layer between the metal silicon nitride layer and the metal silicide layer. The metal oxide layer may include a resistivity that is greater than that of the metal silicide layer and less than the resistivity of the metal silicon nitride layer. The phase-change memory device may also include a phase-change layer and an upper electrode on the lower electrode.