Abstract:
A switched multichannel fiber optic power monitoring apparatus, includes a plurality of photodetectors, each connected to a tap of a different optical line for converting an optical signal therefrom to an electrical signal, a single switch having inputs connected to outputs of each of the photodetectors for receiving the output electrical signal from each photodetector and for switching the output electrical signals in a multiplexed manner to an output thereof as a multiplexed electrical signal, an amplifier amplifying the multiplexed electrical signal, an analog to digital converter which converts the amplified electrical signal to a digital signal, and a microprocessor which provides an output measurement signal in response to the digital signal, the microprocessor being connected to the switch to control the length of time that the switch is open for each optical line, and connected with the amplifier to control amplification thereof.
Abstract:
A quencher for a flow cell battery is described. The quencher utilizes a quench solution formed from FeCl2 in a dilute HCl solution in order to quench chlorine emissions from the flow cell battery. A quench sensor is further described. The quench sensor monitors the concentration level of FeCl2 in the quench solution and may also monitor the level of the quench solution in the quencher.
Abstract:
A stacked cell for a flow cell battery is presented. The stacked cell is sealed by a gasket between individual components. The gasket is formed such that it seals against leakage of electrolytes and facilitates the flow of electrolytes through the stacked cell. Further, the gasket is formed to minimize the linear expansion of the gasket material with temperature.
Abstract:
An electrode for use in a flow cell is presented. The electrode includes a metal plate for collecting current in the electrode that is bonded between a first and second plate.
Abstract:
A redox flow cell is presented that utilizes a porous membrane separating a first half cell and a second half cell. The porous membrane is chosen to have a figure of merit (FOM) is at least a minimum FOM. A method of providing a porous membrane for a flow cell can include determining a figure of merit; determining a first parameter from a pore size or a thickness for the porous membrane; determining a second parameter from the pore size or the thickness that is not the first parameter for the porous membrane, based on the figure of merit; and constructing a porous membrane having the pore size and the thickness.
Abstract:
In accordance with some embodiments, a buck-boost circuit is contemplated which is bi-directional. That is, the buck-boost circuit be configured to produce a load voltage for a load responsive to a source voltage from a voltage source, and the buck-boost circuit may also be configured to produce a charging voltage for the voltage source responsive to a second voltage source connected to the load. In an embodiment, the buck-boost circuit may be operating in boost mode when providing the load voltage and may be operating in buck mode when providing the charging voltage.
Abstract:
A flow battery with thermal management is presented. The flow battery is housed in an enclosure where fluid is uniformly circulated about holding tanks of electrolyte to control the temperature inside the enclosure.
Abstract:
A flow battery with thermal management is presented. The flow battery is housed in an enclosure where fluid is uniformly circulated about holding tanks of electrolyte to control the temperature inside the enclosure.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for determining the state of charge (SOC) of a battery is discussed. The method involves measuring the terminal voltage across the battery and the current flowing through the battery at a plurality of different times and fitting a line equation with a slope and an intercept to the terminal voltage and current data. The open-circuit voltage (OCV) is calculated from the intercept of the linear equation and the SOC is determined from the OCV by reference to a lookup table.
Abstract:
A multi-walled tubing assembly includes an outer corrugated tube and an inner tube received in the outer tube, and may receive an insert. The inner tube is made from a resilient material. The outer tube is structurally rigid. The insert may be plain and used in conjunction with one or more adhesives. The insert may include a section with barbs or teeth which, once inserted into the inner tube, engage with the corrugations of the outer tube. Some embodiments result in a good seal and mechanically fix the tubing assembly.