公开(公告)号：US06760099B1

公开(公告)日：2004-07-06

申请号：US10106956

申请日：2002-03-26

Applicant: Joseph D. Lewis ,  William Street ,  Al Alfers

Inventor： Joseph D. Lewis ,  William Street ,  Al Alfers

IPC: G01J142

CPC classification number: G01J1/16 ,  G01J1/42

Abstract: A sun meter having a processor receiving a signal from a photocell. The processor first compares the signal to a first threshold to determine if it is daytime. If it is daytime, the processor then compares the signal to a second threshold to determine if the signal is greater than a value selected to correspond with direct sunlight. If the signal is greater than the second threshold, a counter counts. For each day of use, the amount of time of direct sun is tallied and may be displayed. An average amount of direct sun for a period of days may also be displayed. It is anticipated that a plurality of meters will be utilized in a specific area to determine the specific locations which receive the most direct sunlight and then know what plants will thrive and where to place such plants.

Abstract translation: 具有处理器从光电管接收信号的太阳计。 处理器首先将信号与第一阈值进行比较，以确定它是否是白天。 如果是白天，则处理器然后将该信号与第二阈值进行比较，以确定该信号是否大于被选择以对应于直接阳光的值。 如果信号大于第二阈值，则计数器计数。 对于使用的每一天，直接晒太阳的时间量进行计数并显示。 也可以显示平均几天的直达太阳。 预计将在特定区域中使用多个米来确定接收最直接的阳光的具体位置，然后知道什么植物将茁壮成长以及在哪里放置这样的植物。

公开(公告)号：US06721044B2

公开(公告)日：2004-04-13

申请号：US10050177

申请日：2002-01-18

Applicant: Yasushi Fukazawa ,  Masaharu Kashima ,  Ikuo Bunya ,  Tetsuo Hotta

Inventor： Yasushi Fukazawa ,  Masaharu Kashima ,  Ikuo Bunya ,  Tetsuo Hotta

IPC: G01J142

CPC classification number: G01J1/4214

Abstract: An exposure meter for incident- and reflected-light photometry includes an incident-light receiving section, a finder for reflected-light photometry, an arithmetical element for calculating various exposure values on the basis of photometric results obtained by incident- and reflected-light receiving elements, a finder optical system for displaying information on the exposure values obtained by the arithmetical element in the finder, and a display window provided on an exposure meter body. The incident-light receiving section is constructed so that it is can be mounted to or dismounted from the exposure meter body and allows incident-light photometry and lighting setting photometry. The exposure meter further includes a transmitting unit, mountable in or dismountable from the exposure meter body, in which flashlight is emitted and the amount of flashlight can be adjusted in accordance with the information on the exposure values displayed on the display window.

Abstract translation: 用于入射和反射光测光的曝光仪包括入射光接收部分，用于反射光测光的取景器，用于根据通过入射和反射光接收获得的测光结果计算各种曝光值的算术元件 元件，用于显示由取景器中的算术元件获得的曝光值的信息的取景器光学系统，以及设置在曝光计主体上的显示窗口。 入射光接收部被构造成能够安装到曝光计主体上或从曝光表主体上拆下，并允许入射光测光和照明设置测光。 曝光表还包括安装在曝光计主体中或可拆卸的发射单元，其中发射手电筒，并且可以根据显示在显示窗口上的曝光值的信息来调节手电筒的量。

公开(公告)号：US06710328B1

公开(公告)日：2004-03-23

申请号：US10083521

申请日：2002-02-27

Applicant: Stephen A. Mastro ,  Veerendra K. Mathur ,  Andrew W. Jarrett

Inventor： Stephen A. Mastro ,  Veerendra K. Mathur ,  Andrew W. Jarrett

IPC: G01J142

CPC classification number: G01M11/086 ,  G01L1/24 ,  G01N21/7703 ,  G01N2021/7786 ,  G01N2021/7796

Abstract: A composite structure contains crystalline and/or polycrystalline triboluminescent elements distributed therein externally and/or internally, totally and/or regionally. The structure is instrumented with at least one optical fiber which is coupled therewith penetratingly and/or superficially/tangentially. Each optical fiber is exteriorly light transparent/translucent along at least a longitudinal portion thereof which is situate in the vicinity of at least one triboluminescent element. Concomitant with the occurrence of damage in and/or on the structure is the occurrence of mechanical action with respect to at least one triboluminescent element, a consequence of which is the occurrence of triboluminescence which, to at least some degree, passes radially into at least one optical fiber so as to reach the optical fiber's transmissive axial core and thereby be transmitted to remotely located photosensitive equipment. The triboluminescent elements can exist wholely and/or partly in various capacities, e.g., as fiber reinforcement and/or particle reinforcement and/or particle filler.

Abstract translation: 复合结构包含在外部和/或内部，完全和/或区域分布的结晶和/或多晶三重发光元件。 该结构用至少一根光纤进行装配，其中穿透和/或表面/切向耦合。 每个光纤沿其至少一个纵向部分是外部光透明/半透明的，其位于至少一个三元发光元件附近。 伴随着在结构中和/或结构上的损害的发生是相对于至少一种三元发光元件的机械作用的发生，其结果是三次发光的发生，其至少在一定程度上径向通过至少 一个光纤，以便到达光纤的透射轴心，从而被传送到远距离的感光设备。 三元发光元件可以全部和/或部分地以各种能力存在，例如作为纤维增强和/或颗粒增强和/或颗粒填料。

公开(公告)号：US06549277B1

公开(公告)日：2003-04-15

申请号：US09666425

申请日：2000-09-21

Applicant: Hiroaki Narushima ,  Toshihiko Tsuji

Inventor： Hiroaki Narushima ,  Toshihiko Tsuji

IPC: G01J142

CPC classification number: H01L21/67253 ,  G01J1/42 ,  G03F7/70558

Abstract: An illuminance meter is provided to simplify measuring tasks and labor associated with the process of determining the energy level of a radiation used in an exposure apparatus. A wafer-type illuminance meter has an optical sensor fabricated integrally within a dummy wafer, which is made of a thin disk so that it may be handled in a manner similar to a substrate wafer to be imprinted. The illuminance meter is retained on a wafer stage in a manner similar to the substrate wafer so as to be loaded on and unloaded off a number of exposure apparatuses to determine a level of illuminance in the vicinity of the image plane of each exposure apparatus that uses a type of radiation assigned to each exposure apparatus.

Abstract translation: 提供照度计以简化与确定曝光设备中使用的辐射的能量水平的过程相关联的测量任务和劳动。 晶片式照度计具有由虚拟晶片制成的光学传感器，该光学传感器由薄盘制成，以便可以以类似于待印刷的基板晶片的方式进行处理。 以与衬底晶片相似的方式将照度计保持在晶片台上，以便将多个曝光装置装载并卸载，以确定使用的每个曝光装置的像面附近的照度水平 分配给每个曝光装置的一种辐射。

公开(公告)号：US06521882B1

公开(公告)日：2003-02-18

申请号：US09522604

申请日：2000-03-10

Applicant: Kazuyoshi Sumiya ,  Keiji Horiba ,  Masaki Takashima ,  Inao Toyoda

Inventor： Kazuyoshi Sumiya ,  Keiji Horiba ,  Masaki Takashima ,  Inao Toyoda

IPC: G01J142

CPC classification number: G01J1/44 ,  G01J1/0271 ,  G01J1/04 ,  G01J1/0418 ,  G01J1/0437 ,  G01J1/06 ,  G01J1/1626 ,  G01J1/4228

Abstract: Plural photodetectors for receiving light and generating detection signals. A light amount controlling portion is arranged above the photodetectors for controlling an amount of the light to the photodetectors according to an incident angle. A weighting portion for weighting sensitivities of the photodetectors respectively. The sensitivities are weighted to provide a total output characteristic of the weighted detection signals of which magnitude varies according to the incident angle. Weighting is provided by a signal processing circuit by controlling gains, or a translucent film on the photodetectors for controlling transparencies portions above respective photodetectors, or opaque films on the photodetectors for controlling amounts of the light to respective photodetectors. A first function signal may be obtained from a part of photodetectors for an air conditioner and a second function signal may be obtained from all of photodetectors for head lamp on/off controlling. Each coaxially arranged photodetector is divided to provide a semicircle or a semi-ring shape arranged with respect to the front direction of the vehicle to provide orientation angle data to control the air conditioner.

Abstract translation: 用于接收光并产生检测信号的多个光电探测器。 光量控制部分布置在光电检测器的上方，用于根据入射角度控制对光电检测器的光量。 用于分别对光电检测器的灵敏度进行加权的加权部分。 对灵敏度进行加权，以提供加权检测信号的总输出特性，其加权检测信号的大小根据入射角度而变化。 通过控制增益由信号处理电路提供加权，或者在光电检测器上用于控制透镜上的各个光电检测器上的部分的半透明膜，或光电检测器上的不透明膜，以控制光量到各个光电检测器。 可以从空调的一部分光电检测器获得第一功能信号，并且可以从用于头灯开/关控制的所有光电检测器获得第二功能信号。 每个同轴布置的光电检测器被分割以提供相对于车辆的前方向布置的半圆形或半环形状，以提供用于控制空调的定向角度数据。

公开(公告)号：US06476396B1

公开(公告)日：2002-11-05

申请号：US09545419

申请日：2000-04-07

Applicant: Keith W. Forsyth

Inventor： Keith W. Forsyth

IPC: G01J142

CPC classification number: G01J1/42

Abstract: An electrical discharge measurement device for non-contact measurement of an electrical discharge having a discharge magnitude. The electrical discharge causes a corresponding emission of optical radiation. The electrical discharge measurement device has a light-collecting device for forming an image from the optical radiation from the electrical discharge, and an optical filter operatively coupled to the light-collecting device for preferentially selecting wavelengths at which the electrical discharge emits relatively intense optical radiation. An optical detector receives light from the light-collecting device and filtered by the optical filter for converting the filtered light to an electrical signal. An electronic signal-processing device provides, based on the electrical signal, a quantitative discharge measurement related to the magnitude of the electrical discharge.

Abstract translation: 一种用于非接触式测量具有放电量的放电的放电测量装置。 放电导致光辐射的相应发射。 放电测量装置具有用于从放电的光学辐射形成图像的光收集装置，以及可操作地耦合到光收集装置的光学滤波器，用于优先选择放电发射相对强烈的光辐射的波长 。 光学检测器接收来自光收集装置的光并被滤光器滤波，以将滤波的光转换成电信号。 电子信号处理装置基于电信号提供与放电的幅度有关的定量放电测量。

公开(公告)号：US06392238B1

公开(公告)日：2002-05-21

申请号：US09328811

申请日：1999-06-09

Applicant: Nicolas Vezard

Inventor： Nicolas Vezard

IPC: G01J142

CPC classification number: G06K9/00033 ,  G01J1/429 ,  G02B23/12

Abstract: A UV-Imager system includes a camera. The camera includes a first UV coated mirror and a quartz UV transmittive camera lens. The UV-Imager system also includes a second UV coated mirror coupled to the camera, and an intensifier coupled to the second UV coated mirror.

Abstract translation: UV-Imager系统包括相机。 相机包括第一UV涂层镜和石英UV透射相机镜头。 UV成像仪系统还包括耦合到照相机的第二UV涂覆镜和耦合到第二UV涂覆镜的增强器。

公开(公告)号：US06369392B1

公开(公告)日：2002-04-09

申请号：US09480075

申请日：2000-01-10

Applicant: Warren Ruderman ,  Ilya Zwieback ,  Shai Livneh

Inventor： Warren Ruderman ,  Ilya Zwieback ,  Shai Livneh

IPC: G01J142

CPC classification number: G02B1/02 ,  C30B15/00 ,  C30B29/12 ,  G01J1/0488 ,  G01J1/429 ,  G01J2003/1213

Abstract: A crystal having good optical transmission between 260 nm and 280 nm and strongly absorbing at 285 nm and higher, which is nonhydroscopic and stable at temperatures to 250° C. An example of such a crystal is Cerium doped YLiF4. These properties make YLiF4 crystals doped with Ce3+ excellent materials for use as UV filters in the missile early warning spectral band. Optical devices including missile detection systems are also provided.

Abstract translation: 在260nm和280nm之间具有良好的光学透射并且在285nm以上强烈吸收的晶体，其在250℃的温度下是非光学的和稳定的。这种晶体的实例是掺杂铈的YLiF4。 这些性质使YLiF4晶体掺杂有Ce3 +优良材料，用作导弹预警光谱带中的UV滤光片。 还提供了包括导弹检测系统在内的光学装置。

公开(公告)号：US06366350B1

公开(公告)日：2002-04-02

申请号：US09643586

申请日：2000-08-22

Applicant: Thomas J. Thornburg ,  Ryan J. Rand

Inventor： Thomas J. Thornburg ,  Ryan J. Rand

IPC: G01J142

CPC classification number: G01J1/04 ,  G01J1/0411 ,  G01J1/0422 ,  G01J2001/0481 ,  G01J2001/4247

Abstract: A light reflector for use with a light source and a light detection mechanism is disclosed. The light source and the light detection mechanism are mounted on a substrate. The light reflector includes a generally hollow portion having a first end and a second end. A reflective surface is disposed upon the first end of the generally hollow portion. The second end is attached to the substrate such that the substrate and the light reflector define a substantially airtight enclosure that is of sufficient size to accommodate therein the light source and the light detection mechanism.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于光源和光检测机构的光反射器。 光源和光检测机构安装在基板上。 光反射器包括具有第一端和第二端的大致中空部分。 反射表面设置在大致中空部分的第一端上。 第二端附接到基板，使得基板和光反射器限定基本上气密的外壳，其具有足够的尺寸以容纳其中的光源和光检测机构。

公开(公告)号：US06348694B1

公开(公告)日：2002-02-19

申请号：US09344167

申请日：1999-06-24

Applicant: Mikhail Gershteyn ,  Elliot Gershtein ,  Alexander Schechter

Inventor： Mikhail Gershteyn ,  Elliot Gershtein ,  Alexander Schechter

IPC: G01J142

CPC classification number: A61B5/441 ,  A61B5/0059 ,  G01J1/429

Abstract: Various methods and apparatus for determining an ability of a region of skin to withstand exposure to harmful radiation, as well as a safe exposure time of the skin to harmful radiation, are disclosed. In various embodiments, methods and apparatus according to the invention provide real time information about the cumulative effects of exposure to harmful radiation, such as ultraviolet radiation, based on an individual's skin type, or “natural” protection factor, and the actual effectiveness of any sunscreen applied on the individual's skin, independently of the labeled sun protection factor (SPF) of the sunscreen. In one embodiment, the invention periodically measures the individual's skin darkness (natural protection factor), the dynamic actual effectiveness of sunscreen, if applied, and a total exposure level of the skin to potentially harmful radiation, and determines a safe exposure time of the skin to the radiation. The safe exposure time may be continuously updated based on changes in skin darkness, sunscreen efficiency, and total exposure level over time.

Abstract translation: 公开了用于确定皮肤区域承受暴露于有害辐射的能力以及皮肤对有害辐射的安全暴露时间的各种方法和装置。 在各种实施例中，根据本发明的方法和装置根据个体的皮肤类型或“自然”保护因子提供关于暴露于有害辐射（例如紫外线辐射）的累积效应的实时信息，以及任何 防晒霜应用于个人的皮肤，与防晒霜的标签防晒系数（SPF）无关。 在一个实施方案中，本发明定期测量个体的皮肤黑暗（自然保护因子），防晒剂的动态实际效果（如果应用）以及皮肤对潜在有害辐射的总暴露水平，并确定皮肤的安全暴露时间 到辐射。 可以根据皮肤黑暗，防晒效率和总曝光量随时间的变化不断更新安全曝光时间。