公开(公告)号：US20050023733A1

公开(公告)日：2005-02-03

申请号：US10632261

申请日：2003-08-01

Applicant: Kent Burr

Inventor： Kent Burr

IPC: G01T1/29 ,  H01J43/04 ,  H01J43/28 ,  H01S3/00

CPC classification number: G01T1/2985 ,  G01T1/1611 ,  H01J43/045 ,  H01J43/28

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an imaging component is provided comprising placing a focusing device in between a laser generator and a scintillator element; generating a laser using the laser generator; focusing the laser using the focusing device such that a focal spot of the laser is coincident with a portion of the isotropic portion; using the laser to alter the optical properties at the focal spot such that anisotropy is generated in the isotropic portion; and moving the focal spot relative to the scintillator element such that a three-dimensional pattern with altered optical properties is generated. The three-dimensional pattern controls the spread of photons within the scintillator element.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种制造成像部件的方法，包括：将聚焦装置放置在激光发生器和闪烁体元件之间; 使用激光发生器产生激光; 使用聚焦装置对激光进行聚焦，使得激光的焦斑与各向同性部分的一部分重合; 使用激光改变焦斑处的光学特性，使得各向同性部分产生各向异性; 并且相对于闪烁体元件移动焦点，从而产生具有改变的光学特性的三维图案。 三维图案控制光子在闪烁体元件内的扩散。

公开(公告)号：US5914561A

公开(公告)日：1999-06-22

申请号：US916097

申请日：1997-08-21

Applicant: Anita S. Venkatarao ,  Charles M. Tomasetti

Inventor： Anita S. Venkatarao ,  Charles M. Tomasetti

IPC: H01J43/04 ,  H01J43/06 ,  H01J43/18

CPC classification number: H01J43/04

Abstract: A photomultiplier tube is disclosed having a first dynode array and a second dynode array oriented substantially orthogonal to the first dynode to provide a shortened profile. The first dynode array is preferably a box-and-grid dynode array and the second dynode array is preferably an in-line dynode array. A focusing electrode is positioned between the last dynode of the first dynode array and the first dynode of the second dynode array. The focusing electrode is constructed and arranged to facilitate the transfer of electrons emitted from the first dynode array to the second dynode array without generating secondary electrons.

Abstract translation: 公开了具有第一倍增电极阵列和第二倍增电极阵列的光电倍增管，该第二倍增极阵列基本上与第一倍增极正交，以提供缩短的轮廓。 第一倍增电极阵列优选地是盒型和栅格倍增极阵列，并且第二倍增电极阵列优选地是在线倍增电极阵列。 聚焦电极位于第一倍增电极阵列的最后一个倍增电极和第二倍增电极阵列的第一倍增电极之间。 聚焦电极被构造和布置成便于将从第一倍增电极阵列发射的电子传递到第二倍增电极阵列而不产生二次电子。

公开(公告)号：US5841231A

公开(公告)日：1998-11-24

申请号：US649305

申请日：1996-05-17

Applicant: Suenori Kimura ,  Masuo Ito ,  Atsuhide Suzuki

Inventor： Suenori Kimura ,  Masuo Ito ,  Atsuhide Suzuki

IPC: H01J43/06 ,  H01J43/22 ,  H01J43/04

CPC classification number: H01J43/06 ,  H01J43/22

Abstract: The present invention concerns a photomultiplier having a lamination structure of fine mesh dynodes arranged at predetermined intervals, capable of detecting photons even in a high magnetic field. This photomultiplier is arranged so that hollow pipes penetrating electrodes for supporting the fine mesh dynodes define the lamination structure of an electron multiplier unit. This arrangement permits the intervals between the fine mesh dynodes to be accurately controlled, thereby obtaining the photomultiplier production errors of which are well suppressed and preventing that the fine mesh dynodes are ripped.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及具有以预定间隔布置的细网络倍增电极的层压结构的光电倍增管，即使在高磁场中也能检测光子。 该光电倍增管被布置成使得穿透用于支撑细网络倍增电极的电极的中空管限定电子倍增器单元的层叠结构。 这种布置允许精细地控制细网络倍增电极之间的间隔，从而获得良好抑制的光电倍增管产生误差，并且防止细网络倍增电极被撕开。

公开(公告)号：US5656807A

公开(公告)日：1997-08-12

申请号：US532155

申请日：1995-09-22

Applicant: Lyle E. Packard

Inventor： Lyle E. Packard

IPC: H01J43/04 ,  H01J43/00

CPC classification number: H01J43/246

Abstract: A 360.degree. surround photon detector/electron multiplier having: i) a continuous annular inner wall formed of thin light-transmissive material defining an internal coaxial detection chamber; ii) an annular enclosed evacuated envelope integral with the inner wall; iii) a cylindrical photocathode positioned adjacent the vacuum side of the inner wall; and iv), an electron multiplier assembly housed within the envelope for multiplying photoelectrons emitted from the photocathode and operable as a plurality of adjacent, circumferentially arrayed electron multipliers, each including an output terminal. The outputs originating from various segments of the photocathode may be utilized with coincidence circuitry requiring simultaneous detection of light events in at least two different sections of the photocathode in order to eliminate spurious signals such as result from thermal electron emissions from the photocathode. The outputs may also be utilized to facilitate use in spectroscopic analysis, differentiating portions of the spectrum of light reaching the photocathode through an optional composite cylindrical array of adjacent light filters, each having different wavelength bandpass characteristics, which may be aligned with the electron multiplier sections and positioned within the detection chamber in close proximity to, and surrounded by, the inner wall of the envelope. Where possible, light-emitting sources or samples are placed within the detection chamber. Optionally, a reflector is positioned coaxially within the detection chamber to facilitate detection of light emanating from sources outside the detection chamber--e.g., i) external scintillation or luminescent samples, etc.; or ii), astronomical or other external light sources requiring collimators, microscopes, telescopes or the like.

Abstract translation: 360°环绕光子检测器/电子倍增器，其具有：i）由限定内部同轴检测室的薄透光材料形成的连续环形内壁; ii）与内壁一体的环形密封抽真空的包络; iii）邻近内壁的真空侧设置的圆柱形光电阴极; 以及iv），电子倍增器组件，其容纳在所述外壳内，用于将从所述光电阴极发射的光电子相乘并且可操作为多个相邻的周向排列的电子倍增器，每个包括输出端子。 源自光电阴极的各个部分的输出可以与符合电路一起使用，需要同时检测光电阴极的至少两个不同部分中的光事件，以便消除诸如由光电阴极的热电子发射引起的寄生信号。 输出也可以用于便于在光谱分析中使用，通过可选的具有不同波长带通特性的相邻滤光器的复合圆柱阵列来区分到达光电阴极的光谱的部分，其可以与电子倍增器部分 并且位于检测室内，与信封的内壁紧密相邻并被其包围。 在可能的情况下，将发光源或样品放置在检测室内。 可选地，反射器同轴地设置在检测室内以便于检测从检测室外部的源发出的光 - 例如，i）外部闪烁或发光样品等; 或ii），需要准直仪，显微镜，望远镜等的天文或其他外部光源。

公开(公告)号：US5581151A

公开(公告)日：1996-12-03

申请号：US554341

申请日：1995-11-06

Applicant: Kevin D. Wheeler ,  Michael J. Iosue ,  Bruce Johnson

Inventor： Kevin D. Wheeler ,  Michael J. Iosue ,  Bruce Johnson

IPC: H01J43/04 ,  H01J43/24 ,  H01J40/16

CPC classification number: H01J43/246 ,  H01J43/04

Abstract: A photomultiplier includes a cascade of microchannel plates which are physically and electrically connected to provide an electron multiplication through the microchannel cascade. One of the microchannel plates is a high-output microchannel plate providing a high level of electron multiplication. This high output microchannel plate is thermally conducted to ambient by a heat transfer path including outwardly disposed microchannel plates in the cascade. A unitary ceramic housing defines a vacuum envelope for the photomultiplier.

Abstract translation: 光电倍增管包括物理和电连接以提供通过微通道级联的电子倍增的级联的微通道板。 微通道板之一是提供高水平电子倍增的高输出微通道板。 该高输出微通道板通过包括级联中的向外设置的微通道板的传热路径被热传导至环境。 整体陶瓷外壳为光电倍增管定义了真空封套。

公开(公告)号：US5568013A

公开(公告)日：1996-10-22

申请号：US282004

申请日：1994-07-29

Applicant: Alan M. Then ,  Gregory L. Snider ,  Robert J. Soave ,  G. William Tasker

Inventor： Alan M. Then ,  Gregory L. Snider ,  Robert J. Soave ,  G. William Tasker

IPC: H01J43/24 ,  H01J43/04

CPC classification number: H01J43/246

Abstract: A micromachined electron multiplier is disclosed wherein a substrate has at least one trench formed therein and an aperture cover is disposed on the substrate with at least one inlet aperture aligned with one end of the channel. Either the substrate or the apertured cover may have an outlet aperture formed therein. A variety of channel shapes, and arrays are disclosed as well as a solid state photomultiplier tube formed with an integrated radiation window and anode structure.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种微加工电子倍增器，其中衬底具有形成在其中的至少一个沟槽，孔盖设置在衬底上，具有与通道的一端对准的至少一个入口孔。 衬底或有孔盖可以具有形成在其中的出口孔。 公开了各种通道形状和阵列，以及形成有集成的辐射窗和阳极结构的固态光电倍增管。

公开(公告)号：US5481158A

公开(公告)日：1996-01-02

申请号：US148280

申请日：1993-11-08

Applicant: Hisaki Kato ,  Suenori Kimura ,  Kiyoshi Nakatsugawa ,  Tsuguo Uchino ,  Itsuo Ozawa ,  Hiroyuki Onda

Inventor： Hisaki Kato ,  Suenori Kimura ,  Kiyoshi Nakatsugawa ,  Tsuguo Uchino ,  Itsuo Ozawa ,  Hiroyuki Onda

IPC: H01J43/04 ,  H01J43/18 ,  H01J43/10

CPC classification number: H01J43/045 ,  H01J43/18

Abstract: The present invention relates to a linear multi-anode photomultiplier or electron multiplier on which a plurality of light beams to be measured or energy beams of electrons, ions and so forth are incident one-dimensionally. The object of the present invention is to prevent crosstalk between dynode arrays caused by leaking electrons. A transmission type photomultiplier is characterized in that the direction of secondary electron emission of the first-stage dynode of each dynode array is set in the opposite direction at 180.degree. from that of an adjacent dynode array. Then, adjacent dynode arrays will not oppose each other but are shifted from each other at a predetermined distance in the lateral direction. Accordingly, even if electrons leak from a gap between dynodes of a certain dynode array, the leaking electrons will not enter the adjacent dynode array, thereby preventing crosstalk.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种线性多阳极光电倍增管或电子倍增器，其中待测量的多个光束或电子，离子等的能量束一维地入射。 本发明的目的是防止由电子泄漏引起的多极阵列之间的串扰。 透射型光电倍增管的特征在于，将每个倍增电极阵列的第一级倍增电极的二次电子发射方向设定为与相邻的倍增极阵列的方向相反的方向为180°。 然后，相邻的倍增电极阵列不会彼此相对，而是在横向上以预定距离彼此偏移。 因此，即使电子从某个倍增电极阵列的倍增电极之间的间隙泄漏，泄漏的电子将不会进入相邻的倍增极阵列，从而防止串扰。

公开(公告)号：US5471051A

公开(公告)日：1995-11-28

申请号：US251928

申请日：1994-06-01

Applicant: Minoru Niigaki ,  Katsuyuki Kinoshita ,  Toru Hirohata ,  Tuneo Ihara ,  Masami Yamada ,  Norio Asakura ,  Yasuharu Negi ,  Tomoko Suzuki

Inventor： Minoru Niigaki ,  Katsuyuki Kinoshita ,  Toru Hirohata ,  Tuneo Ihara ,  Masami Yamada ,  Norio Asakura ,  Yasuharu Negi ,  Tomoko Suzuki

IPC: H01J1/34 ,  H01J43/04 ,  H01J40/14

CPC classification number: H01J1/34 ,  H01J43/045

Abstract: There is disclosed a photocathode comprising:a photoelectric conversion layer for internally exciting photoelectrons in response to incident photons; a semiconductor layer having a photoelectron emission surface for emitting the photoelectrons generated and accelerated in the photoelectric conversion layer from the photoelectron emission surface; an upper surface electrode formed on the photoelectron emission surface of the semiconductor layer; and a lower surface electrode formed on the semiconductor layer so that the lower surface electrode is opposite to the upper surface electrode through the semiconductor layer, the upper surface electrode being divided so as to provide a plurality of pixel electrodes which are electrically insulated from each other, the plurality of pixel electrodes being respectively connected to a plurarity of bias application wires.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种光电阴极，包括：用于响应于入射光子而内部激发光电子的光电转换层; 具有光电子发射表面的半导体层，用于发射从光电子发射表面在光电转换层中产生和加速的光电子; 形成在所述半导体层的光电子发射表面上的上表面电极; 以及形成在半导体层上的下表面电极，使得下表面电极通过半导体层与上表面电极相对，上表面电极被分割以提供彼此电绝缘的多个像素电极 多个像素电极分别连接到多个偏置施加电线。

公开(公告)号：US5416382A

公开(公告)日：1995-05-16

申请号：US87632

申请日：1993-07-01

Applicant: Pierre L'Hermite

Inventor： Pierre L'Hermite

IPC: H01J43/22 ,  H01J43/04 ,  H01J43/06

CPC classification number: H01J43/045 ,  H01J43/06

Abstract: A photomultiplier tube in which a photoelectron beam (42) is divided in N independent paths by means of an electron-optical device. The optical device includes a first cup-shaped focusing electrode (25) having a flat bottom portion of polygonal or circular shape, in which N apertures (30a), (30b) are formed, and having raised side faces (28a), (28b) which extend towards the photocathode (12), viewed in the radial directions corresponding to the elementary photomultipliers, and side faces having V-shaped recesses between these directions. The optical device is completed by a deflection electrode (35) which is brought to approximately the same potential as the photocathode and which is centrally arranged close to the bottom portion of the focusing electrode (25). The assembly is followed by a multiplier (16) of the perforated sheet-type whose focusing electrode (161) has projecting portions (41a), (41b), the multiplier being followed by N anode plates (20a), (20b).

Abstract translation: 光电子束（42）通过电子 - 光学器件分成N个独立路径的光电倍增管。 光学装置包括具有多边形或圆形平坦底部的第一杯形聚焦电极（25），其中形成有N个开口（30a），（30b），并具有凸起的侧面（28a），（28b） ），从对应于基本光电倍增管的径向观察，以及在这些方向之间具有V形凹部的侧面。 光学装置由与光电阴极大致相同的电位的偏转电极（35）完成，并且靠近聚焦电极（25）的底部中心配置。 组件后面是多孔板型的乘法器（16），其聚焦电极（161）具有突出部分（41a），（41b），乘法器随后是N个阳极板（20a），（20b）。

公开(公告)号：US5371435A

公开(公告)日：1994-12-06

申请号：US983281

申请日：1992-11-30

Applicant: Keiichi Ohishi ,  Hideaki Suzuki ,  Hiroyuki Watanabe ,  Junichi Takeuchi

Inventor： Keiichi Ohishi ,  Hideaki Suzuki ,  Hiroyuki Watanabe ,  Junichi Takeuchi

IPC: H01J9/12 ,  H01J43/08 ,  H01J43/04

CPC classification number: H01J9/12 ,  H01J43/08 ,  H01J2201/3426

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for forming a photocathode having high quantum yield which comprises the first step of making a number of fine concavities and convexities in a surface of a substrate finished substantially in a mirror; the second step of blunting the fine concavities and convexities; and the third step of coating a photoelectron emissive material on the surface of the substrate.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种形成具有高量子产率的光电阴极的方法，该方法包括：在基材表面基本形成反射镜的基板的表面上形成多个精细凹凸的第一步骤; 打破精细的凹凸的第二步; 以及在基板的表面上涂覆光电子发射材料的第三步骤。