公开(公告)号：US5615232A

公开(公告)日：1997-03-25

申请号：US157476

申请日：1993-11-24

申请人： D. J. R. Van Nee

发明人： D. J. R. Van Nee

IPC分类号： H04B1/10 ,  G01S1/00 ,  G01S1/04 ,  H04B7/005 ,  H04B1/12 ,  H04B1/707

CPC分类号： H04B7/005 ,  G01S19/22 ,  H04B1/711 ,  H04B1/709 ,  H04B1/712 ,  H04B2201/70715

摘要： A method and device for processing a signal are described, wherein an estimate of a multipath-induced contribution to a demodulated navigation signal is calculated and subtracted from said demodulated navigation signal to obtain an estimated line of sight contribution to said demodulated navigation signal, and a propagation time .tau..sub.0 is calculated from the thus calculated line of sight contribution to said demodulated navigation signal, such that a very accurate propagation time .tau..sub.0 of said navigation signal can be calculated.

摘要翻译： 描述了一种用于处理信号的方法和装置，其中计算对解调的导航信号的多路径诱导贡献的估计，并从所述解调的导航信号中减去，以获得对所述解调的导航信号的估计的视线贡献，并且 从所计算的对所述解调的导航信号的视线贡献计算传播时间τ0，使得可以计算所述导航信号的非常精确的传播时间τ0。

公开(公告)号：US5432803A

公开(公告)日：1995-07-11

申请号：US876324

申请日：1992-04-30

申请人： Qingli Liu ,  Xiangyang Chen ,  Lise Vanterpool ,  Andrew Sendyk

发明人： Qingli Liu ,  Xiangyang Chen ,  Lise Vanterpool ,  Andrew Sendyk

IPC分类号： H03M13/41 ,  G06F11/10

CPC分类号： H03M13/6505 ,  H03M13/3961 ,  H03M13/41 ,  H03M13/4107 ,  H03M13/4169

摘要： A maximum likelihood decoding system includes a branch metric processor which calculates only one of four branch metrics associated with branches leading to two consecutive states S.sub.j and S.sub.+1, where j is even. The system determines the remaining three metrics by producing a second branch metric by manipulating the first branch metric using simple binary operations and assigns the first and second metrics to the second and first branches, respectively, leading to the odd state. The system next retrieves associated path metrics from a path metric memory which stores the information in locations accessed by addresses related to identifiers associated with the branch initial states. After the system selects a surviving path for each end state, it stores in a path memory location associated with the end state information identifying the previous state on the surviving path. Thereafter, during trace back, the system uses the identifier of a known end state to address the path memory and retrieve the information identifying a previous state on the path. The system assigns data values to the branches of the most likely path as soon as it identifies the states on the path, since all branches leading to an even state are associated with a "ZERO" data bit and all branches leading to an odd state are associated with a "ONE" data bit.

摘要翻译： 最大似然解码系统包括分支度量处理器，其仅计算与分支导致两个连续状态Sj和S + 1相关联的四个分支度量中的一个，其中j是偶数。 该系统通过使用简单的二进制操作来操纵第一分支度量来产生第二分支度量来确定剩余的三个度量，并且分别将第一和第二度量分配给导致奇数状态的第二和第一分支。 系统接下来从路径度量存储器中检索相关联的路径度量，路径度量存储器将信息存储在通过与分支初始状态相关联的标识符相关的地址访问的位置中。 在系统为每个结束状态选择幸存路径之后，它存储在与存活路径上标识先前状态的结束状态信息相关联的路径存储器位置。 此后，在回溯期间，系统使用已知结束状态的标识符来寻址路径存储器并且检索标识路径上的先前状态的信息。 一旦识别路径上的状态，系统会将数据值分配给最可能路径的分支，因为导致均匀状态的所有分支都与“零”数据位相关联，导致奇数状态的所有分支都是 与“ONE”数据位相关联。

公开(公告)号：US5268930A

公开(公告)日：1993-12-07

申请号：US810693

申请日：1991-12-19

申请人： Andrew M. Sendyk ,  Yongbing Wan

发明人： Andrew M. Sendyk ,  Yongbing Wan

IPC分类号： H04L25/03 ,  H03H7/40

CPC分类号： H04L25/03057

摘要： An improved decision feedback equalizer for use with digital communications. The equalizer includes an error detector, a process controller, a parameter selector and a data buffer for temporarily storing a digital data signal received from a communication channel. The error detector determines whether the equalizer is accurately tracking changes in the communication channel's characteristics or is lost. When the error detector determines that the equalizer is lost, the process controller responsively generates control signals for initiating an optimal retraining/recovery method for the prevailing conditions. In some retraining/recovery methods, data is temporarily stored in the buffer. The stored data is later retrieved and processed once the equalizer is retrained. Retraining is performed using a retraining signal received via the communication channel or, if available, a portion of the data signal which is suitable for retraining, thereby permitting more rapid resumption of data reception. In addition, the parameter selector, in response to a control signal from the process controller and a signal which is indicative of the rate of change of the communication channel's characteristics, dynamically adjusts the convergence rate of the equalizer to provide to an optimum value for performing retraining or tracking changes in the channel's characteristics.

摘要翻译： 一种用于数字通信的改进的判决反馈均衡器。 均衡器包括用于临时存储从通信信道接收的数字数据信号的误差检测器，过程控制器，参数选择器和数据缓冲器。 误差检测器确定均衡器是否准确跟踪通信信道特性的变化或丢失。 当误差检测器确定均衡器丢失时，过程控制器响应地产生用于启动针对当前条件的最优再培训/恢复方法的控制信号。 在一些重新培训/恢复方法中，数据暂时存储在缓冲区中。 一旦平衡器被再培训，随后检索和处理存储的数据。 再培训使用经由通信信道接收的再训练信号，或者如果可用，则适用于再训练的数据信号的一部分，从而允许更快地恢复数据接收。 此外，参数选择器响应于来自过程控制器的控制信号和指示通信信道特性的变化率的信号，动态地调节均衡器的收敛速率以提供最佳值以执行 重新培训或跟踪频道特征的变化。

公开(公告)号：US5231407A

公开(公告)日：1993-07-27

申请号：US725213

申请日：1991-06-25

申请人： Andrew E. McGirr ,  Paul M. Camwell ,  John G. McRory

发明人： Andrew E. McGirr ,  Paul M. Camwell ,  John G. McRory

IPC分类号： H01Q1/24 ,  H01Q1/52 ,  H01Q9/04

CPC分类号： H01Q1/525 ,  H01Q1/243 ,  H01Q9/0442

摘要： An antenna for use with portable duplex radio transceivers, such as those found in hand-held cellular telephones, which includes a pair of co-planar radiating patch elements elevated above a conductive surface by a conductive bar. The surface and bar define a reference ground plane which inherently isolates the patches. The patches are shaped so that they operate in a desired frequency band as well as band-pass filters--one of the patches is tuned to the transmit band and serves a transmit structure, and the other patch is tuned to the receive band and serves as a receive structure. Switching devices such as positive-intrinsic negative (PIN) diodes can be disposed along the space between the patches and the ground plane to allow each structure to be tuned. The antenna is efficient, because of inherent isolation between the receive and transmit patches, and eases the front end filtering functions traditionally performed by a duplexer. It can be completely enclosed within the chassis of a hand-held telephone.

摘要翻译： 一种用于便携式双工无线电收发机的天线，例如在手持蜂窝电话中发现的天线，其包括通过导电棒在导电表面上方升高的一对共面辐射贴片元件。 表面和杆定义了固有地隔离贴片的参考接地平面。 贴片被成形为使得它们在期望的频带中工作，以及带通滤波器 - 其中一个贴片被调谐到发送频带并且用于发送结构，并且另一个音调被调谐到接收频带并且用作 接收结构。 诸如正本征负极（PIN）二极管的开关器件可以沿着贴片和接地平面之间的空间设置，以允许每个结构被调谐。 由于接收和发送补丁之间的固有隔离，天线是高效的，并且简化了传统上由双工器执行的前端过滤功能。 它可以完全封闭在手持电话机的底盘内。

公开(公告)号：US5166815A

公开(公告)日：1992-11-24

申请号：US662257

申请日：1991-02-28

申请人： David V. Elderfield

发明人： David V. Elderfield

IPC分类号： G02F1/13357 ,  H04M1/22

CPC分类号： G02B6/0055 ,  G02B6/0096 ,  G02F1/133615 ,  H04M1/22 ,  G02B6/0046

摘要： A diffuser for backlighting a display panel consists of a shell having a flat surface for positioning against the backside of the panel. The shell has a cavity with two sections. A reflection cavity section extending into the shell from the flat surface has highly reflective walls one of which opposite the mouth of the cavity defines a ramp. An illumination cavity section extending into the shell intercepts the reflection cavity section at a boundary near the foot of the ramp. When light propagates from the illumination cavity section into the reflection cavity section, the walls of the latter cavity section distribute that light by reflection and the ramp redirects that light to the mouth of the reflection cavity section from which the light propagates to the display panel as a uniform diffuse emanation.

摘要翻译： 用于背光显示面板的扩散器由具有用于定位在面板背面的平坦表面的壳体组成。 壳体有一个具有两个部分的腔体。 从平坦表面延伸到外壳中的反射腔部分具有高反射壁，其中一个与腔的口相对限定了斜坡​​。 延伸到壳体中的照明腔部分在斜坡脚附近的边界处拦截反射腔部分。 当光从照明腔部分传播到反射腔部分时，后者的空腔部分的壁通过反射分配该光，并且斜面将该光重定向到反射腔部分的口部，光从该部分的光传播到显示面板作为 均匀弥漫发散。

公开(公告)号：US5121009A

公开(公告)日：1992-06-09

申请号：US539027

申请日：1990-06-15

申请人： Russell Braathen

发明人： Russell Braathen

IPC分类号： H03H11/12

CPC分类号： H03H11/1217

摘要： An electrical signal filter composed of a pair of cascaded filter sections in which the group delays of the two filter sections are matched so that their non-linear effects cancel in the passband, resulting in an overall linear phase. In addition, the attenuation slope after the first null in one filter section's stopband response is complemented by the other filter's stopband attenuation. This prevents the overall stopband attenuation from falling to extremely low values as with some filters, which, in turn, limits the time domain overshoot. The passband group delay and stopband attenuation characteristics are controlled by appropriate selection of the passband ripple and filter order number parameters of the filter. In a preferred embodiment, the two filter sections are of the elliptic and Chebyschev type. The invention can be implemented as analog-component active filter circuit or as a digital filter.

摘要翻译： 由一对级联滤波器部分组成的电信号滤波器，其中两个滤波器部分的组延迟相匹配，使得它们的非线性效应在通带中抵消，导致整体线性相位。 另外，在一个滤波器部分的阻带响应中的第一个零点之后的衰减斜率由另一个滤波器的阻带衰减补充。 这样可以防止整个阻带衰减下降到非常低的值，如同一些滤波器一样，这又会限制时域过冲。 通过适当选择滤波器的通带纹波和滤波器序号参数来控制通带组延迟和阻带衰减特性。 在优选实施例中，两个过滤器部分是椭圆形和切比雪夫型。 本发明可以实现为模拟分量有源滤波器电路或数字滤波器。

公开(公告)号：US5093670A

公开(公告)日：1992-03-03

申请号：US554294

申请日：1990-07-17

申请人： Russell Braathen

发明人： Russell Braathen

IPC分类号： H01Q1/24 ,  H01Q11/10

CPC分类号： H01Q11/105 ,  H01Q1/246

摘要： A logarithmic periodic antenna is constructed with antenna elements implanted in a single plane in or on a surface of an insulating substrate. The substrate supports the co-planar antenna elements and keeps them in the desired configuration. The antenna elements are arranged in pairs, with the elements of a given pair being on alternate sides of a center conductor. The center conductor consists of two conducting strips, or feeders, which run down the middle of the antenna structure. Each of the feeders connects to a different one of a pair of elements, and each feeder connects to alternating elements of consecutive pairs, for example, to the "left" element of one pair and the "right" element of the next pair. The logarithmic periodic antennas may be used, without signal degradation, as both transmitting and receiving antennas in split-frequency communications systems. These antennas, which have minimal back and side lobe amplitudes, may be configured in an array by being mounted on a single mast and at the same height.

摘要翻译： 对数周期性天线由绝缘衬底的表面中或其表面上的单个平面中注入的天线元件构成。 基板支撑共面天线元件并使它们保持在所需的配置。 天线元件成对布置，给定对的元件在中心导体的交替侧上。 中心导体由两条导电条或馈线组成，沿着天线结构的中部延伸。 每个馈线连接到一对元件中的不同的一个元件，并且每个馈线连接到连续对的交替元件，例如连接到一对的“左”元件和下一对的“右”元件。 对数周期天线可以在没有信号劣化的情况下用作分频通信系统中的发射和接收天线。 这些具有最小的背波和旁瓣振幅的天线可以通过安装在单个桅杆上并且处于相同高度而被配置成阵列。

公开(公告)号：US5003270A

公开(公告)日：1991-03-26

申请号：US336816

申请日：1989-04-12

申请人： Russell Braathen ,  Ronald Green

发明人： Russell Braathen ,  Ronald Green

IPC分类号： H03G1/04 ,  H03G3/20

CPC分类号： H03G3/3042 ,  H03G1/04

摘要： An improved circuit for controlling the output power level of a radio frequency (RF) amplifier is disclosed. The circuit samples the output of an RF amplifier. The sample is amplitude modulated at a preselected modulation frequency and is passed to a detector. In repsonse to the amplitude modulated signal, the detector produces a signal whose amplitude is indicative of the RF amplifier's output power and whose frequency is the modulation frequency. The amplitude of the signal produced by the detector is then compared to a reference amplitude and the difference (error signal) is used to control the gain of the RF amplifier.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于控制射频（RF）放大器的输出功率电平的改进电路。 电路对RF放大器的输出进行采样。 样本以预选的调制频率进行幅度调制，并被传送到检测器。 在响应于幅度调制信号的情况下，检测器产生一个信号，其幅度表示RF放大器的输出功率，其频率是调制频率。 然后将由检测器产生的信号的幅度与参考幅度进行比较，差值（误差信号）用于控制RF放大器的增益。

公开(公告)号：US4952886A

公开(公告)日：1990-08-28

申请号：US208411

申请日：1988-06-17

申请人： Russell Braathen ,  Ronald Green

发明人： Russell Braathen ,  Ronald Green

IPC分类号： H03F1/30 ,  H03G1/04 ,  H03G3/20 ,  H03G3/30

CPC分类号： H03G1/04 ,  H03G3/3042

摘要： An improved circuit for controlling the output power level of a radio frequency (RF) amplifier is disclosed. The circuit samples the output of an RF amplifier. The sample is amplitude modulated at a preselected modulation frequency and is passed to a detector. In response to the amplitude modulated signal, the detector produces a signal whose amplitude is indicative of the RF amplifier's output power and whose frequency is the modulation frequency. The amplitude of the signal produced by the detector is then compared to a reference amplitude and the difference (error signal) is used to control the gain of the RF amplifier.