公开(公告)号：US08804736B1

公开(公告)日：2014-08-12

申请号：US13243450

申请日：2011-09-23

申请人： John E. Drake ,  Rahul Aggarwal ,  Nitin Bahadur ,  Nischal Sheth

发明人： John E. Drake ,  Rahul Aggarwal ,  Nitin Bahadur ,  Nischal Sheth

IPC分类号： H04L12/28

CPC分类号： H04L12/4633 ,  H04L12/462 ,  H04L12/465

摘要： An ingress router of a provider network receives a packet from a customer network, determines that the packet includes a customer network label and that the packet is to be tunneled through the provider network, based on the determination, adds a delimiter label to the packet indicative of a bottom of a provider network label stack and one or more provider network labels to the packet, and forwards the packet to a next routing device along the provider network tunnel. An egress routing device of the provider network receives a packet comprising a provider network label stack, removes the provider network label stack from the packet, determines whether the packet comprises a delimiter label following the provider network label stack, and, when the packet comprises the delimiter label, forwards the packet to a customer network interface device.

摘要翻译： 供应商网络的入口路由器从客户网络接收分组，基于该确定，确定分组包括客户网络标签并且分组将被穿过提供商网络，将分隔符标签添加到分组指示 提供商网络标签堆叠的底部和一个或多个提供商网络标签，并且将分组沿着提供商网络隧道转发到下一个路由设备。 提供商网络的出口路由设备接收包括提供商网络标签堆栈的分组，从分组中移除提供商网络标签栈，确定分组是否包括在提供商网络标签栈之后的分隔符标签，并且当分组包括 分隔符标签，将数据包转发到客户网络接口设备。

公开(公告)号：US08665711B2

公开(公告)日：2014-03-04

申请号：US13563174

申请日：2012-07-31

申请人： Bhupesh Kothari ,  Nischal Sheth

发明人： Bhupesh Kothari ,  Nischal Sheth

IPC分类号： G01R31/08 ,  G06F11/00

CPC分类号： H04L45/28 ,  H04L45/22 ,  H04L45/68

摘要： A first network device creates a protection path to a second network device associated with a first service site, and creates a pseudowire between the first service site and a second service site via the first network device and the second network device. The first network device also detects a failure between the first network device and the first service site, and forwards traffic, provided by the pseudowire between the first service site and the second service site, via the protection path. The second network device uses the traffic on the protection path as a trigger to activate a link between the second network device and the first service site.

摘要翻译： 第一网络设备创建到与第一服务站点相关联的第二网络设备的保护路径，并且经由第一网络设备和第二网络设备在第一服务站点和第二服务站点之间创建伪线。 第一网络设备还检测第一网络设备和第一服务站点之间的故障，并且经由保护路径转发由第一服务站点和第二服务站点之间的伪线提供的流量。 第二网络设备使用保护路径上的流量作为触发来激活第二网络设备和第一服务站点之间的链路。

公开(公告)号：US08467411B1

公开(公告)日：2013-06-18

申请号：US12917294

申请日：2010-11-01

申请人： Ina Minei ,  Arthi R. Ayyangar ,  Nischal Sheth ,  Chaitanya Kodeboyina

发明人： Ina Minei ,  Arthi R. Ayyangar ,  Nischal Sheth ,  Chaitanya Kodeboyina

IPC分类号： H04J3/16 ,  H04J3/22 ,  H04L12/28

CPC分类号： H04L45/306 ,  H04L45/24 ,  H04L45/3065 ,  H04L45/50

摘要： A router receives a control plane message for constructing a first LSP to a destination within a network that conforms to a first type of LSP. The control plane message includes a label for the first LSP and an identifier that identifies a first type of data traffic. The router receives a second control plane message for constructing a second LSP that conforms to the first type of LSP. The second control plane message includes a label for the second LSP and an identifier that identifies a second type of data traffic. The router installs forwarding state in accordance with policies that associate the first and second types of data traffic with different LSPs of a second type that each traverse different paths through the network, and forwards packets via the interface in accordance with the installed forwarding state.

摘要翻译： 路由器接收到用于构建到符合第一类型的LSP的网络内的目的地的第一LSP的控制平面消息。 控制平面消息包括用于第一LSP的标签和标识第一类型的数据业务的标识符。 路由器接收用于构建符合第一类型的LSP的第二LSP的第二控制平面消息。 第二控制平面消息包括用于第二LSP的标签和标识第二类型的数据业务的标识符。 路由器根据将第一类和第二类数据流量与不同的第二类型的LSP相关联的策略来安装转发状态，每个LSP遍历不同的路径，并根据安装的转发状态通过接口转发数据包。

公开(公告)号：US08185658B2

公开(公告)日：2012-05-22

申请号：US12852225

申请日：2010-08-06

申请人： Quaizar Vohra ,  Nischal Sheth

发明人： Quaizar Vohra ,  Nischal Sheth

IPC分类号： G06F15/173

CPC分类号： H04L45/00 ,  H04L12/4633 ,  H04L12/4675 ,  H04L45/02 ,  H04L45/028 ,  H04L45/586

摘要： Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) are supported in which customers may use popular internet gateway protocol (IGPs) without the need to convert such IGPs, running on customer devices to a single protocol, such as the border gateway protocol (BGP). Scaling problems, which might otherwise occur when multiple instances of an IGP flood link state information, are avoided by using a flooding topology which is smaller than a forwarding topology. The flooding topology may be a fully connected sub-set of the forwarding topology.

摘要翻译： 支持虚拟专用网络（VPN），其中客户可以使用流行的互联网网关协议（IGP），而不需要将在客户设备上运行的这样的IGP转换为单一协议，例如边界网关协议（BGP）。 通过使用小于转发拓扑的洪泛拓扑来避免IGP Flood链路状态信息的多个实例可能发生的扩展问题。 洪泛拓扑可以是完全连接的转发拓扑的子集。

公开(公告)号：US08000327B1

公开(公告)日：2011-08-16

申请号：US11567570

申请日：2006-12-06

申请人： Ina Minei ,  Nischal Sheth ,  Hannes Gredler

发明人： Ina Minei ,  Nischal Sheth ,  Hannes Gredler

IPC分类号： H04L12/56

CPC分类号： H04L45/50 ,  H04L45/306

摘要： A router comprises an interface for receiving packets, wherein the packets include Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) labels having the same label value that corresponds to an MPLS label switched path (LSP), and wherein each of the MPLS packets includes MPLS experimental (EXP) bits defined to identify a class of service to which the respective packet belongs. The router is a transit router along the MPLS LSP, and further includes a control unit that, for each of the packets, accesses forwarding information to determine whether to forward the packet along the LSP or to redirect the packet along a second LSP based on the classes of service specified in the EXP bits. The router receives policies via a user interface, and applies the policies to index into the forwarding information to select a forwarding entry, wherein the index is responsive to the label value in combination with the EXP bits.

摘要翻译： 路由器包括用于接收分组的接口，其中所述分组包括与MPLS标签交换路径（LSP）相对应的具有相同标签值的多协议标签交换（MPLS）标签，并且其中每个MPLS分组包括MPLS实验（EXP） 定义为识别相应分组所属的服务类别的比特。 该路由器是沿着MPLS LSP的中转路由器，还包括一个控制单元，对于每一个分组，该控制单元访问转发信息以确定是沿着LSP转发分组还是基于第二个LSP重定向分组 EXP位中指定的服务等级。 路由器通过用户界面接收策略，并将策略应用到转发信息中以选择转发条目，其中索引响应于标签值与EXP比特结合。

公开(公告)号：US20110103228A1

公开(公告)日：2011-05-05

申请号：US12609837

申请日：2009-10-30

申请人： Nischal Sheth ,  Zhaohui Zhang ,  Lili Wang

发明人： Nischal Sheth ,  Zhaohui Zhang ,  Lili Wang

IPC分类号： H04L12/56

CPC分类号： H04L45/12 ,  H04L45/02 ,  H04L45/66

摘要： A network device identifies an Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) link between the network device and a layer 2 network as one of a point-to-multipoint over broadcast interface or a point-to-multipoint over non-broadcast multi access (NBMA) interface, and performs database synchronization and neighbor discovery and maintenance using one of a broadcast model or a NBMA model. The network device also generates a link-state advertisement for the network device, where the link-state advertisement includes a separate link description for each point-to-point link within the layer 2 network; and sends the link-state advertisement to each fully adjacent neighbor in the layer 2 network.

摘要翻译： 网络设备将网络设备和第2层网络之间的开放式最短路径优先（OSPF）链路标识为点对多点广播接口或非广播多路访问（NBMA）之间的点对多点之一， 接口，并使用广播模型或NBMA模型之一执行数据库同步和邻居发现和维护。 网络设备还为网络设备生成链路状态广告，其中链路状态广告包括针对第2层网络内的每个点对点链路的单独的链路描述; 并向第2层网络中的每个完全相邻的邻居发送链路状态通告。

公开(公告)号：US07894352B2

公开(公告)日：2011-02-22

申请号：US12329708

申请日：2008-12-08

申请人： Kireeti Kompella ,  Ping Pan ,  Nischal Sheth

发明人： Kireeti Kompella ,  Ping Pan ,  Nischal Sheth

IPC分类号： H04L12/56

CPC分类号： H04L43/50 ,  H04L43/0811 ,  H04L43/12

摘要： Detecting if a label-switched path (LSP) is functioning properly. To test that packets that belong to a particular Forwarding Equivalence Class (FEC) actually end their MPLS LSP on an label switching router (LSR) that is an egress for that FEC, a request message carrying information about the FEC whose LSP is being verified may be used. The request message may be forwarded like any other packet belonging to that FEC. A basic connectivity test as well as a fault isolation test are supported. In a basic connectivity test mode, the packet should reach the end of the LSP, at which point it is sent to the control plane of the egress LSR. The LSR then verifies that it is indeed an egress for the FEC. In a fault isolation test mode, the packet is sent to the control plane of each transit LSR, which performs various checks that it is indeed a transit LSR for the LSP. The transit LSR may also return further information that helps check the control plane against the data plane, i.e., that forwarding matches what the routing protocols determined as the path. A reliable return path is used for the reply.

摘要翻译： 检测标签交换路径（LSP）是否正常工作。 为了测试属于特定转发等价类（FEC）的分组实际上在作为该FEC的出口的标签交换路由器（LSR）上结束其MPLS LSP，携带有关正在被验证LSP的FEC的信息的请求消息可以 使用。 请求消息可以像属于该FEC的任何其他分组一样转发。 支持基本的连接测试以及故障隔离测试。 在基本连接测试模式下，分组应到达LSP的末尾，此时将发送到出口LSR的控制平面。 然后，LSR验证它确实是FEC的出口。 在故障隔离测试模式下，将数据包发送到每个传输LSR的控制平面，进行各种检查，确认它是LSP的传输LSR。 传输LSR还可以返回有助于检查控制平面对数据平面的进一步信息，即，该转发与确定为路径的路由协议相匹配。 答复使用可靠的返回路径。

公开(公告)号：US07702810B1

公开(公告)日：2010-04-20

申请号：US10357262

申请日：2003-02-03

申请人： Ping Pan ,  Der-Hwa Gan ,  Nischal Sheth

发明人： Ping Pan ,  Der-Hwa Gan ,  Nischal Sheth

IPC分类号： G06F15/173 ,  G01R31/08 ,  G06F11/00 ,  G08C15/00 ,  H04J1/16 ,  H04J3/14 ,  H04L1/00 ,  H04L12/26

CPC分类号： H04L45/00 ,  H04L45/50

摘要： Outages in a label-switched path (LSP) are detected quickly using adjacency information, such as IGP “hello neighbor” queries. Protocols, such as IGP can be instructed to check certain adjacencies more frequently. For example, a node in an LSP can determine a next downstream node in the LSP as an adjacency, check that adjacency much more frequently, and in the event that the adjacency is lost (due to a down link, a down interface, or a down node), switch any LSPs that have the adjacency to a failover path or route. Since these checks need not be performed using hardware signaling, outages of shared media interfaces, such as Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet, can be checked.

摘要翻译： 使用邻接信息（例如IGP“hello neighbor”）查询来快速检测标签交换路径（LSP）中的中断。 可以指示诸如IGP的协议更频繁地检查某些邻接。 例如，LSP中的节点可以将LSP中的下一个下游节点确定为邻接关系，更频繁地检查邻接关系，并且在邻接丢失的情况下（由于下行链路，down接口或 down节点），将与邻接关系的任何LSP切换到故障转移路径或路由。 由于不需要使用硬件信号执行这些检查，因此可以检查诸如以太网和千兆以太网之类的共享介质接口的故障。

公开(公告)号：US07664877B1

公开(公告)日：2010-02-16

申请号：US10099510

申请日：2002-03-15

申请人： Nischal Sheth

发明人： Nischal Sheth

IPC分类号： G06F15/173

CPC分类号： H04L65/00 ,  H04L45/507

摘要： Methods and apparatus for allowing routers in an autonomous system to implement LDP and RSVP at the same time. RSVP can be used in the network core with LDP being used in network regions surrounding the core. LDP LSPs are tunneled through the RSVP network core using RSVP LSPs and label stacking techniques. During route selection LDP LSPs which use an RSVP LSP tunnel are preferred over alternative LDP LSPs having an equal cost associated with them to create a preference for traffic engineered routes.

摘要翻译： 允许自治系统中的路由器同时实现LDP和RSVP的方法和装置。 RSVP可用于网络核心，LDP用于围绕核心的网络区域。 LDP LSP使用RSVP LSP和标签堆叠技术通过RSVP网络进行隧道传输。 在路由选择期间，使用RSVP LSP隧道的LDP LSP优先于具有与其相关联的相同成本的替代LDP LSP，以创建对流量工程路由的偏好。

公开(公告)号：US09246838B1

公开(公告)日：2016-01-26

申请号：US13118116

申请日：2011-05-27

申请人： Yimin Shen ,  Rahul Aggarwal ,  Nitin Bahadur ,  Harish Sitaraman ,  Disha Chopra ,  Nischal Sheth

发明人： Yimin Shen ,  Rahul Aggarwal ,  Nitin Bahadur ,  Harish Sitaraman ,  Disha Chopra ,  Nischal Sheth

IPC分类号： H04L12/911 ,  H04L12/751 ,  H04L12/54

CPC分类号： H04L47/70 ,  H04L45/02 ,  H04L45/08 ,  H04L45/28 ,  H04L45/50 ,  H04L47/122 ,  H04L47/724 ,  H04L47/746 ,  H04L47/825

摘要： A label switched path (LSP) is established within a network using an MPLS fast reroute bypass tunnel when a resource along a primary path of the LSP has failed but is protected by the MPLS fast reroute bypass tunnel. While establishing the LSP, a network device identifies a failed resource along a primary path of the LSP. In response to identifying the failed resource, the network device determines whether a bypass tunnel exists from the network device to a node along the primary path, wherein the bypass tunnel avoids the failed resource. Upon determining that the bypass tunnel exists, the network device tunnels a message for establishing the LSP to the node over the bypass tunnel.

摘要翻译： 当LSP沿着主路径的资源发生故障但由MPLS快速重路由旁路隧道保护时，使用MPLS快速重路由旁路隧道在网络内建立标签交换路径（LSP）。 在建立LSP时，网络设备沿着LSP的主路径识别出故障的资源。 响应于识别故障资源，网络设备确定是否存在从网络设备到沿着主路径的节点的旁路隧道，其中旁路隧道避免了发生故障的资源。 在确定旁路隧道存在的情况下，网络设备通过旁路隧道隧道建立LSP到该节点的消息。