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公开(公告)号：US08537345B2
公开(公告)日：2013-09-17
申请号：US13499076
申请日：2010-09-24
IPC分类号： G01N21/00
CPC分类号： G01D5/35303 , G01H9/004
摘要： A method of distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) whereby the derivative or rate of change of a signal backscatted from a fiber is measured. The change, or derivative of the phase measured in this way has a much smaller amplitude than the signal itself if the difference between the two times at which the signal is measured is much less than the period of the signal being measured, resulting in lower sensitivity. Frequency shifts can be applied to temporally displaced return signals to compare the rate of change, for example by employing an output interferometer arranged to modulate the signal in each arm by a different frequency shift.
摘要翻译： 一种分布式声学感测（DAS）的方法，其中测量从光纤反向扫描的信号的微分或变化率。 以这种方式测量的相位的变化或导数比信号本身的幅度小得多，如果测量信号的两次之间的差异远小于被测信号的周期，导致较低的灵敏度 。 频移可以应用于时间上移位的返回信号以比较变化率，例如通过采用布置成通过不同频移调制每个臂中的信号的输出干涉仪。
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公开(公告)号：US20130154632A1
公开(公告)日：2013-06-20
申请号：US13819253
申请日：2011-08-31
IPC分类号： G01R33/032 , G02B6/44
CPC分类号： G01R33/0327 , G02B6/4401
摘要： There is provided a system (100) for magnetic field detection, comprising a fibre optic interrogator (104) adapted to interrogate a first length of optical fibre (102) with interrogating radiation, detect radiation backscattered from said optical fibre and analyse said detected radiation to provide distributed sensing indicative of mechanical disturbances of said optical, wherein the optic fibre is mechanically coupled to a material whose dimensions vary dependant on applied magnetic field. Changes in dimensions of the optic fibre as can be detected by virtue of changes in back-scattering of light from said fibre using the principles of fibre optic distributed acoustic sensing.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于磁场检测的系统（100），包括：光纤询问器（104），用于询问具有询问辐射的第一长度的光纤（102），检测从所述光纤反向散射的辐射，并将所述检测到的辐射分析到 提供指示所述光学器件的机械干扰的分布式感测，其中所述光纤机械耦合到其尺寸根据所施加的磁场而变化的材料。 通过光纤分布式声学传感的原理，可以通过来自所述光纤的光的反向散射的变化来检测光纤尺寸的变化。
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公开(公告)号：US20120230629A1
公开(公告)日：2012-09-13
申请号：US13509415
申请日：2010-11-11
CPC分类号： G01D5/35361 , G01D5/35348
摘要： A method of distributed fibre optic sensing is described in which an optical fibre (104) is interrogated with electromagnetic radiation; back-scattered radiation is detected; and the returns are processed to provide a measurement signal (310) for each of a plurality of longitudinal sensing portions of the optical fibre. The method comprises analysing the measurement signals of a first subset of longitudinal sensing portions to provide a first zone (306a) having a first sensing function and analysing the measurement signals of at least a second subset of longitudinal sensing portions to provide at least a second zone (306b) having a second, different, sensing function. The different sensing functions may include detecting different events of interest. In some embodiments the geometry of the fibre may provide different sensing zones (406a, 406b).
摘要翻译： 描述了一种分布式光纤感测的方法，其中光纤（104）被电磁辐射询问; 检测到背散射辐射; 并且处理返回以为光纤的多个纵向感测部分中的每一个提供测量信号（310）。 该方法包括分析纵向感测部分的第一子集的测量信号以提供具有第一感测功能的第一区域（306a），并且分析纵向感测部分的至少第二子集的测量信号以提供至少第二区域 （306b）具有第二，不同的感测功能。 不同的感测功能可以包括检测感兴趣的不同事件。 在一些实施例中，光纤的几何形状可以提供不同的感测区域（406a，406b）。
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公开(公告)号：US20120226452A1
公开(公告)日：2012-09-06
申请号：US13509407
申请日：2010-11-11
CPC分类号： G01H9/004 , G01S3/8083 , G01S5/22
摘要： Techniques for determining lateral offset of the source of an acoustic disturbance in a distributed acoustic fibre optic sensor are described. The sensor comprises an optical source (112) for interrogating an optical fibre (104) and a detector (116) and processor (108) arranged to detect any backscattered radiation and determine a measurement signal for a plurality of discrete longitudinal sensing portions of the optical fibre. The processor is also arranged to analyse the measurement signals to identify signals corresponding to the same acoustic wave arriving at different parts of the fibre and determine from the time of arrival of said acoustic wave the direction and/or distance of the origin of said acoustic wave from the optical fibre. The geometry of the fibre may be arranged to ensure that any positional ambiguity can be resolved and the use of multiple fibres (501, 502) is disclosed.
摘要翻译： 描述了用于确定分布式声学光纤传感器中声学干扰源的横向偏移的技术。 传感器包括用于询问光纤（104）的光源（112）和检测器（116）和处理器（108），其被布置成检测任何反向散射辐射并且确定用于光学器件的多个离散纵向感测部分的测量信号 纤维。 处理器还被布置成分析测量信号以识别对应于到达光纤的不同部分的相同声波的信号，并从所述声波的到达时间确定所述声波的原点的方向和/或距离 从光纤。 可以布置光纤的几何形状以确保可以解决任何位置歧义，并且公开使用多个光纤（501,502）。
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公开(公告)号：US20120137781A1
公开(公告)日：2012-06-07
申请号：US13059810
申请日：2009-08-21
摘要： This invention relates to the fibre optic distributed acoustic sensing to detect P and S waves in a solid medium. Distributed acoustic sensing can be achieved using an unmodified fibre optic by launching optical pulses into the fibre and detecting radiation which is Rayleigh backscattered there from. By analysing the returns in analysis bins, acoustic disturbances can be detected in a plurality of discrete longitudinal sections of the fibre. The present invention extends such fibre distributed acoustic sensing to detection of S and P waves.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及用于检测固体介质中的P波和S波的光纤分布式声学感测。 可以使用未修改的光纤通过将光脉冲发射到光纤中并且检测瑞利背散射的辐射来实现分布式声学感测。 通过分析分析箱中的回报，可以在光纤的多个离散的纵向部分中检测声学干扰。 本发明将这种光纤分布式声学传感扩展到S波和P波的检测。
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公开(公告)号：US20120111560A1
公开(公告)日：2012-05-10
申请号：US13320882
申请日：2010-05-27
CPC分类号： E21B47/16 , E21B43/11857 , E21B43/26 , E21B47/101 , E21B47/123 , G01H9/004 , G01V1/50 , G01V2210/1429 , G01V2210/646
摘要： This application relates to methods and apparatus for monitoring hydraulic fracturing during oil/gas well formation. A fibre optic cable (102) deployed down a well bore (106), which may be the well bore in which fracturing is performed, is interrogated to provide a distributed acoustic sensor. Data is sampled from at least one longitudinal sensing portion of the fibre and processed to provide at least fracturing characteristic. The fracturing characteristic may comprise the characteristics of high frequency transients indicative of fracturing events (606). The intensity, frequency, duration and signal evolution of the transients may be monitored to provide the fracturing characteristic. Additionally or alternatively the fracturing characteristic may comprise the longer term acoustic noise generated by fracture fluid flow to the fracture sites. The intensity and frequency of the noise may be analysed to determine the fracturing characteristic. The method allows real-time control of the fracturing process.
摘要翻译： 本申请涉及在油气成井期间监测水力压裂的方法和装置。 询问在井下（106）下展开的光纤电缆（102），其可以是执行压裂的井眼，以提供分布式声学传感器。 从纤维的至少一个纵向感测部分采样数据，并进行处理以至少提供压裂特性。 压裂特性可以包括指示压裂事件的高频瞬变的特征（606）。 可以监测瞬态的强度，频率，持续时间和信号演化以提供压裂特性。 附加地或替代地，压裂特性可以包括由断裂流体流向裂缝位置产生的较长期声学噪声。 可以分析噪声的强度和频率以确定压裂特性。 该方法允许对压裂过程进行实时控制。
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公开(公告)号：US20120017687A1
公开(公告)日：2012-01-26
申请号：US13262897
申请日：2010-03-30
IPC分类号： G01D5/32
CPC分类号： G01D5/35383
摘要： A plurality of sensors output information into a distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) system via acousto-mechanical signals. The sensors are coupled to the optic fibre at the centre of the DAS system indirectly, the acousto-mechanical signal being transmitted via an intermediary body, such as the ground or a conduit.
摘要翻译： 多个传感器通过声 - 机械信号将信息输出到分布式声感（DAS）系统中。 传感器间接耦合到DAS系统中心的光纤，声 - 机械信号通过中间体（如地面或导管）传输。
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公开(公告)号：US20110149688A1
公开(公告)日：2011-06-23
申请号：US13059795
申请日：2009-08-20
IPC分类号： G01S15/02
摘要： A method for monitoring a fluid carrying conduit by introducing an acoustic pulse into the conduit, and interrogating an optic fibre positioned along the path of said conduit to provide distributed acoustic sensing. By measuring the response at each of a plurality of locations, a conduit condition profile can be derived. A condition profile can be obtained quickly and easily with minimum disruption to the pipeline infrastructure and contained flow. Existing optic fibres running along the path of a pipe can be employed for sensing purposes, allowing relatively long spans of pipeline to be monitored with only limited access to the pipe.
摘要翻译： 一种用于通过将声学脉冲引入到导管中来监测流体输送管道的方法，并且询问沿着所述管道的路径定位的光纤以提供分布式声学感测。 通过测量多个位置中的每一个处的响应，可以导出管道状况轮廓。 可以快速，轻松地获得条件配置文件，同时对管道基础设施和流量进行最小的破坏。 沿着管道的路径运行的现有光纤可以用于感测目的，允许仅对管道进行有限的访问来监测管道的相对长的跨度。
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公开(公告)号：US07652245B2
公开(公告)日：2010-01-26
申请号：US12091076
申请日：2006-10-18
IPC分类号： G01J1/04
CPC分类号： G08G1/02 , G01D5/35361
摘要： Traffic sensing and monitoring apparatus (100) comprises a length of optical fiber (112), means (102, 103, 104, 106, 107, 109, 119) arranged to introduce a series of pulse pairs into an input end of the length, each of the pulse pairs comprising first and second pulses of radiation having a frequency difference Ω and the second pulse being delayed with respect to the first by a delay τ, and the apparatus further comprising a photodetector arranged to detect radiation which is Rayleigh-backscattered within the length of fiber towards the input end to generate an output signal in response thereto. Apparatus of the invention allows sensing and monitoring of traffic at any position along a long length of road (e.g. 5 km) with lower installation and maintenance costs per unit length compared to prior art systems providing the same spatial resolution.
摘要翻译： 交通感测和监测设备（100）包括一段长度的光纤（112），被布置成将一系列脉冲对引入长度的输入端的装置（102,103,104,106,107,109,119） 每个脉冲对包括具有频差Ω的第一和第二辐射脉冲，并且第二脉冲相对于第一脉冲相对于第一脉冲延迟延迟τ，并且该装置还包括光电检测器，该光检测器被布置成检测辐射内的瑞利反向散射 光纤朝向输入端的长度，以响应于此产生输出信号。 与提供相同空间分辨率的现有技术系统相比，本发明的装置允许在沿着长的道路（例如5km）的任何位置处感测和监测每单位长度的安装和维护成本。
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公开(公告)号：US20080229825A1
公开(公告)日：2008-09-25
申请号：US10586105
申请日：2005-01-12
IPC分类号： G01P15/02
CPC分类号： G01H9/004 , G01P15/093 , G01V1/181 , G02F1/0134
摘要： A fibre optic accelerometer particularly intended for use with an interferometer using the compliant cylinder approach but further providing a seismic mass at the core of the cylinder resulting in improved sensitivity and rejection of out-of-axis inputs.
摘要翻译： 特别是与干涉仪一起使用的光纤加速度计，其使用柔性气缸方式，但进一步在气缸的核心处提供地震质量，从而提高了轴外输入的灵敏度和排除。
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