Abstract:
Provided are an optical coupler and an arrayed-waveguide grating structure including the same. The coupler includes a lower clad layer, a core comprising a slab waveguide region disposed on one side of the lower clad layer and a ridge waveguide region disposed on the other side of the lower clad layer, and an upper clad disposed on the core, wherein the ridge waveguide region comprises a self-focusing region configured to focus an optical signal provided form the slab waveguide region and thus to prevent scattering of the optical signal.
Abstract:
Provided is a germanium photodetector having a germanium epitaxial layer formed without using a buffer layer and a method of fabricating the same. In the method, an amorphous germanium layer is formed on a substrate. The amorphous germanium layer is heated up to a high temperature to form a crystallized germanium layer. A germanium epitaxial layer is formed on the crystallized germanium layer.