摘要:
Disposable paper eating utensil enabling most of the utensil-constituent paper to be recycled. A blank composed of at least one thin ply laminated onto a thick ply is inserted between the core and cavity of a compression mold and molded into the utensil. The molding process clenches corrugations produced in the thin ply into corrugated portions of the thick ply, produced in the rising sidewall surfaces of the utensil, yielding a paper eating utensil of not readily separable two-ply construction. The eating utensil thus obtained can contain foodstuffs bearing liquid condiments, and after the utensil has been used the thin ply can be separated from the thick ply and disposed of as soiled waste, while the thick ply portion discarded as recyclable waste.
摘要:
A toner including toner particles including at least a binder resin having a first melting point and a first solubility parameter, a colorant and a particulate release agent having a second melting point lower than the first melting point and a second solubility parameter different from the first solubility parameter, wherein the particulate release agent dispersed in the toner particles has an average needle-shape degree LD/SD of not less than 1.6, where LD is a diameter of a particle of the release agent dispersed in the toner in a major axis direction thereof and SD is a diameter of the particle in a minor axis direction.
摘要:
A magnetic recording medium of the present invention includes: a non-magnetic substrate; a ferromagnetic thin metal layer formed on the non-magnetic substrate; and a carbon layer and a lubricant layer in contact with the carbon layer, which is formed above the ferromagnetic thin metal layer so that the lubricant layer is an outermost layer, wherein the carbon layer contains nitrogen atoms, a Raman spectrum of the carbon layer has a peak A in the range of about 1310 to about 1410 cm.sup.-1 and a peak B in the range of about 1520 to about 1570 cm.sup.-1, and a ratio of integrated intensities of the peak A to the peak B is in the range of about 1.2 to about 2.0.
摘要:
A ferromagnetic metal thin film recording medium having a nonmagnetic substrate, a ferromagnetic metal thin film formed on the nonmagnetic substrate, a dry etched layer which is formed in a surface layer of the ferromagnetic metal thin film and contains oxygen atoms in a higher concentration than the remaining part of the ferromagnetic metal thin film, a hard carbonaceous film formed on the dry etched layer of the ferromagnetic metal thin film, a lubricant layer formed on said hard carbonaceous film, and optionally a modified layer which is formed on the hard carbonaceous film and has a thickness of less than 3 nm, and comprises carbon, nitrogen and oxygen atoms with an atomic ratio of nitrogen to carbon being at least 0.8%, which recording medium has improved running stability, durability and weatherability while maintaining electromagnetic conversion characteristics.
摘要:
A magnetic recording media comprising a non-magnetic substrate, a ferromagnetic thin film on the non-magnetic substrate, a hard carbon film on the ferromagnetic thin film, a modified layer of which atomic ratio of nitrogen/carbon is 0.8% or more, and of which thickness is less than 3 nm on the hard carbon film, and a lubricant layer on the modified layer, has excellent electromagnetic conversion characteristic, running stability, durability, and weatherability.
摘要:
A method for activating a direct oxidation fuel cell including an anode, a cathode, and a proton-conductive electrolyte membrane interposed between the anode and the cathode is provided. The anode and the cathode each have a catalyst layer on a face in contact with the proton-conductive electrolyte membrane. This method activates the fuel cell by passing a current through the fuel cell from an external power source, with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the external power source connected to the anode and the cathode of the fuel cell, respectively, while supplying an organic fuel and an inert gas to the anode and the cathode, respectively.
摘要:
A direct oxidation fuel cell of the invention includes at least one unit cell, the unit cell including a membrane-electrode assembly including an electrolyte membrane and an anode and a cathode sandwiching the electrolyte membrane, an anode-side separator being in contact with the anode, and a cathode-side separator being in contact with the cathode. The anode includes an anode catalyst layer and an anode diffusion layer, the anode catalyst layer containing an anode catalyst. The cathode includes a cathode catalyst layer and a cathode diffusion layer, the cathode catalyst layer containing a cathode catalyst. The anode-side separator has a fuel flow channel for supplying fuel to the anode. A portion of the cathode catalyst layer facing the upstream of the fuel flow channel has an effective reaction area per unit area larger than that of a portion of the cathode catalyst layer facing the downstream of the fuel flow channel.
摘要:
The direct oxidation fuel cell of the invention includes at least one unit cell, the unit cell including: a membrane-electrode assembly including an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte membrane interposed therebetween; an anode-side separator; and a cathode-side separator. The cathode includes a first cathode catalyst layer, a diffusion layer being in contact with the cathode-side separator, and an intermediate layer disposed therebetween. The intermediate layer includes a second cathode catalyst layer and a porous composite layer, the porous composite layer containing a hydrophobic material and an electron-conductive material. The anode-side separator has a fuel flow channel, and the cathode-side separator has an oxidant flow channel. At least a portion of the intermediate layer facing the upstream portion of the fuel flow channel includes the second cathode catalyst layer, and at least portions of the intermediate layer facing the midstream and downstream portions of the fuel flow channel include the porous composite layer.
摘要:
A membrane electrode assembly for a fuel cell includes an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte membrane disposed between the anode and the cathode. The cathode includes a cathode catalyst layer and a cathode diffusion layer disposed on the cathode catalyst layer. The cathode diffusion layer includes a conductive porous substrate and a porous composite layer disposed on a surface of the conductive porous substrate. The porous composite layer includes conductive carbon particles and a water-repellent binding material. The cathode diffusion layer has a plurality of through pores having a largest pore diameter of 15 to 20.5 μm and a mean flow pore diameter of 3 to 10.5 μm in pore throat size distribution determined by a half dry/bubble point method.
摘要:
A library control device to controls a library device includes a designated-information acquisition section, a loading control section, a transfer control section and a medium storage control section. The transfer control section that orders, when a storage location indicated by the loading control section to a library device and a storage location designated by storage-location designating information are different from each other, the library device to transfer a storage medium from the storage location designated by the storage-location designating information to a storage location different from the storage location designated by the storage-location designating information. The medium storage control section orders, when the storage medium designated by the medium-designating information is loaded in a drive and the storage medium is transferred to a storage shelf, the library device to store the storage medium in the storage location designated by the storage-location designating information by the transfer mechanism.