公开(公告)号：US6011994A

公开(公告)日：2000-01-04

申请号：US159978

申请日：1998-09-24

Applicant: James W. Kronberg

Inventor： James W. Kronberg

IPC: A61N1/32 ,  A61N1/08

CPC classification number: A61N1/326

Abstract: A pulsed signal generator for biomedical applications, including electrical stimulation of fracture healing, treatment of osteoporosis, or to strengthen a freshly-healed bone after a cast or other fixation device has been removed. The generator includes dual asymmetric oscillators and associated circuitry to deliver signals efficiently throughout the area to be treated. The components can readily be selected so as to produce any desired output signal, including fixed-magnitude signals and (via suitable voltage-regulating devices) variable-magnitude signals. In addition, the pulse frequency and/or interval can be fixed or adjustable, as may be convenient. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the generator is powered by readily-available, inexpensive batteries.

Abstract translation: 一种用于生物医学应用的脉冲信号发生器，包括骨折愈合的电刺激，骨质疏松症的治疗，或者在移除了铸造或其他固定装置之后加强新鲜愈合的骨骼。 该发生器包括双重非对称振荡器和相关联的电路，用于在待处理的整个区域内有效地传递信号。 可以容易地选择这些部件，以便产生任何期望的输出信号，包括固定幅度信号和（通过合适的电压调节装置）可变幅度信号。 此外，脉冲频率和/或间隔可以是固定的或可调节的，这可能是方便的。 在本发明的优选实施例中，发电机由容易获得的廉价电池供电。

公开(公告)号：US5463377A

公开(公告)日：1995-10-31

申请号：US133299

申请日：1993-10-08

Applicant: James W. Kronberg

Inventor： James W. Kronberg

IPC: G01M3/04 ,  G01M3/16 ,  G08B21/20 ,  G08B21/00

CPC classification number: G08B21/20 ,  G01M3/045 ,  G01M3/16

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting the presence of a liquid in a region, including an electrically passive sensor adapted for contacting the liquid, and an electrically active detector. The sensor is a circuit with a pair of spaced-apart terminals connected to a switch that closes in the presence of the liquid. The detector carries an alternating current with a resonant frequency. When the sensor is placed in a region and liquid is present in the region, the circuit of the sensor is closed. By bringing the detector close to the sensor, an alternating current is induced in the sensor that will, in turn, alter the resonant frequency of the detector. The change in the resonant frequency is signaled by a transducer. The switch can operate by a change in conductivity of a material between the terminals of the sensor or by expansion of a liquid absorber that pushes the two terminals together, or by a change in the conductivity of the space between the terminals as a result of the presence of the liquid. The detector generates an audible or visible signal, or both, in response to the change in current.

Abstract translation: 一种用于检测区域中存在液体的装置，包括适于接触液体的电动无源传感器和电活动检测器。 该传感器是具有一对间隔开的端子的电路，该端子连接到在存在液体的情况下关闭的开关。 检测器携带具有谐振频率的交流电。 当传感器放置在区域中并且液体存在于该区域中时，传感器的电路闭合。 通过使检测器靠近传感器，在传感器中感应出交流电流，这又会改变检测器的谐振频率。 谐振频率的变化由换能器发出信号。 该开关可以通过传感器端子之间的材料的导电性的变化或通过将两个端子一起推动的液体吸收体的膨胀或由于端子之间的空间的导电性的变化而起作用 存在液体。 响应于电流的变化，检测器产生可听或可见的信号，或两者。

公开(公告)号：US5405588A

公开(公告)日：1995-04-11

申请号：US276721

申请日：1994-07-11

Applicant: James W. Kronberg

Inventor： James W. Kronberg

IPC: C01G1/12 ,  C01G11/02

CPC classification number: C01G1/12 ,  C01G11/02

Abstract: A process for the recovery of a metal, in particular, cadmium contained in scrap, in a stable form. The process comprises the steps of mixing the cadmium-containing scrap with an ammonium carbonate solution, preferably at least a stoichiometric amount of ammonium carbonate, and/or free ammonia, and an oxidizing agent to form a first mixture so that the cadmium will react with the ammonium carbonate to form a water-soluble ammine complex; evaporating the first mixture so that ammine complex dissociates from the first mixture leaving carbonate ions to react with the cadmium and form a second mixture that includes cadmium carbonate; optionally adding water to the second mixture to form a third mixture; adjusting the pH of the third mixture to the acid range whereby the cadmium carbonate will dissolve; and adding at least a stoichiometric amount of sulfide, preferably in the form of hydrogen sulfide or an aqueous ammonium sulfide solution, to the third mixture to precipitate cadmium sulfide. This mixture of sulfide is then preferably digested by heating to facilitate precipitation of large particles of cadmium sulfide. The scrap may be divided by shredding or breaking up to expose additional surface area. Finally, the precipitated cadmium sulfide can be mixed with glass formers and vitrified for permanent disposal.

Abstract translation: 用于以稳定形式回收金属，特别是废料中所含的镉的方法。 该方法包括以下步骤：将含镉废料与碳酸铵溶液，优选至少化学计量的碳酸铵和/或游离氨和氧化剂混合以形成第一混合物，使得镉将与 碳酸铵形成水溶性氨络合物; 蒸发第一混合物，使得氨络合物从第一混合物离解，留下碳酸根离子与镉反应并形成包括碳酸镉的第二混合物; 任选地向第二混合物中加入水以形成第三混合物; 将第三混合物的pH调节到酸性范围，由此使碳酸镉溶解; 并将至少化学计量的硫化物，优选以硫化氢或硫化铵水溶液的形式加入到第三混合物中以沉淀硫化镉。 然后优选将硫化物混合物通过加热消化以促进大量硫化镉颗粒的沉淀。 废料可以通过切碎或分解除去以暴露额外的表面积。 最后，沉淀的硫化镉可与玻璃成型机混合并玻璃化以进行永久处理。

公开(公告)号：US5388446A

公开(公告)日：1995-02-14

申请号：US136830

申请日：1993-10-18

Applicant: James W. Kronberg

Inventor： James W. Kronberg

IPC: G01M3/22 ,  G01M3/20

CPC classification number: G01M3/229

Abstract: An apparatus for use in one-hundred percent leak testing of food containers used in conjunction with a tracer gas. The apparatus includes a shell with entrance and exit air locks to create a controlled atmosphere through which a series of containers is conveyed by a conveyor belt. The pressure in the shell is kept lower than the pressure in the containers and the atmosphere is made to flow with the containers so that a tracer gas placed in the packages before sealing them will leak more readily, but the leaked tracer gas will remain associated with the leaking package as it moves through the shell. The leaks are detected with a sniffer probe in fluid communication with a gas chromatograph. The gas chromatograph issues a signal when it detects a leak to an ejector that will eject the leaking container from the conveyor. The system is timed so that the series of containers can move continuously into and out of the shell, past the probe and the ejector, without stopping, yet each package is tested for leaks and removed if leaking.

Abstract translation: 用于与示踪气一起使用的食品容器百分之百泄漏测试的装置。 该装置包括具有入口和出口空气锁的外壳，以产生受控的气氛，一系列容器通过传送带传送。 壳中的压力保持低于容器中的压力，并且使大气与容器一起流动，使得在密封它们之前放置在包装中的示踪气体将更容易泄漏，但泄漏的示踪气体将保持与 泄漏的包装在其通过壳体移动时。 使用与气相色谱仪流体连通的嗅探探头来检测泄漏。 当气体色谱仪检测到泄漏到喷射器时会发出信号，从而将泄漏的容器从输送机中排出。 系统定时，使得一系列容器可以连续地进出壳体，通过探头和喷射器，而不会停止，但是每个包装都被测试泄漏并且如果泄漏则被去除。

公开(公告)号：US5315884A

公开(公告)日：1994-05-31

申请号：US756669

申请日：1991-09-09

Applicant: James W. Kronberg

Inventor： James W. Kronberg

IPC: G01L3/10 ,  G01L1/16

CPC classification number: G01L3/106

Abstract: A proximity sensor based on a closed field circuit. The circuit comprises a ring oscillator using a symmetrical array of plates that creates an oscillating displacement current. The displacement current varies as a function of the proximity of objects to the plate array. Preferably the plates are in the form of a group of three pair of symmetric plates having a common center, arranged in a hexagonal pattern with opposing plates linked as a pair. The sensor produces logic level pulses suitable for interfacing with a computer or process controller. The proximity sensor can be incorporated into a load cell, a differential pressure gauge, or a device for measuring the consistency of a characteristic of a material where a variation in the consistency causes the dielectric constant of the material to change.

Abstract translation: 基于闭路电路的接近传感器。 该电路包括使用产生振荡位移电流的板对称阵列的环形振荡器。 位移电流根据物体与板阵列的接近程度而变化。 优选地，板是具有公共中心的一组三对对称板的形式，其布置成六边形图案，其中相对的板连接成对。 传感器产生适用于与计算机或过程控制器接口的逻辑电平脉冲。 接近传感器可以结合到测力传感器，差压表或用于测量材料的特性的一致性的装置，其中稠度的变化导致材料的介电常数改变。

公开(公告)号：US5245619A

公开(公告)日：1993-09-14

申请号：US817009

申请日：1992-01-03

Applicant: James W. Kronberg

Inventor： James W. Kronberg

IPC: G02B27/09 ,  H01S3/00

CPC classification number: G02B27/0927 ,  G02B27/09 ,  G02B27/0988 ,  H01S3/005

Abstract: Apparatus for transforming a conventional beam of coherent light, having a Gaussian energy distribution and relatively high divergence, into a beam in which the energy distribution approximates a single, non-zero-order Bessel function and which therefore has much lower divergence. The apparatus comprises a zone plate having transmitting and reflecting zones defined by the pattern of light interference produced by the combination of a beam of coherent light with a Gaussian energy distribution and one having such a Bessel distribution. The interference pattern between the two beams is a concentric array of multiple annuli, and is preferably recorded as a hologram. The hologram is then used to form the transmitting and reflecting zones by photo-etching portions of a reflecting layer deposited on a plate made of a transmitting material. A Bessel beam, containing approximately 50% of the energy of the incident beam, is produced by passing a Gaussian beam through such a Bessel zone plate. The reflected beam, also containing approximately 50% of the incident beam energy and having a Bessel energy distribution, can be redirected in the same direction and parallel to the transmitted beam. Alternatively, a filter similar to the Bessel zone plate can be placed within the resonator cavity of a conventional laser system having a front mirror and a rear mirror, preferably axially aligned with the mirrors and just inside the front mirror to generate Bessel energy distribution light beams at the laser source.

Abstract translation: 用于将具有高斯能量分布和相对高发散度的常规光束的相干光变换成能量分布接近单个非零阶贝塞尔函数并因此具有低得多的发散度的光束的装置。 该装置包括具有通过由相干光束与高斯能量分布的组合产生的光干涉图案限定的透射和反射区域的区域，以及具有这样的贝塞尔分布的区域板。 两个光束之间的干涉图案是多个环的同心阵列，并且优选地被记录为全息图。 然后通过光刻蚀沉积在由透射材料制成的板上的反射层的部分，将全息图用于形成透射和反射区域。 通过使高斯光束穿过这样的贝塞尔区域板，产生包含入射光束的大约50％能量的贝塞尔光束。 也包含大约50％的入射光束能量并且具有贝塞尔能量分布的反射光束可以在相同方向上被重定向并且平行于透射光束。 或者，类似于贝塞尔区域板的过滤器可以放置在具有前反射镜和后反射镜的常规激光系统的谐振器腔内，优选地与反射镜轴向对准并且恰好在前反射镜内部以产生贝塞尔能量分布光束 在激光源。

公开(公告)号：US5204671A

公开(公告)日：1993-04-20

申请号：US643305

申请日：1991-01-22

Applicant: James W. Kronberg

Inventor： James W. Kronberg

IPC: G06F7/76 ,  G07C9/00 ,  G07C15/00 ,  H03K3/84

CPC classification number: G06F7/76 ,  G07C15/006 ,  G07C9/00 ,  H03K3/84

Abstract: An apparatus for selecting at random one item of N items on the average comprising counter and reset elements for counting repeatedly between zero and N, a number selected by the user, a circuit for activating and deactivating the counter, a comparator to determine if the counter stopped at a count of zero, an output to indicate an item has been selected when the count is zero or not selected if the count is not zero. Randomness is provided by having the counter cycle very often while varying the relatively longer duration between activation and deactivation of the count. The passive circuit components of the activating/deactivating circuit and those of the counter are selected for the sensitivity of their response to variations in temperature and other physical characteristics of the environment so that the response time of the circuitry varies. Additionally, the items themselves, which may be people, may vary in shape or the time they press a pushbutton, so that, for example, an ultrasonic beam broken by the item or person passing through it will add to the duration of the count and thus to the randomness of the selection.

Abstract translation: 一种用于随机选择N个项目的一个项目的装置，包括用于在零和N之间重复计数的计数器和复位元件，由用户选择的数字，用于激活和去激活计数器的电路，比较器，以确定计数器 在计数为零时停止，如果计数不为零，则当计数为零或未选择时指示项目的输出。 通过在计数的激活和停用之间改变相对更长的持续时间的同时非常经常地具有计数器循环来提供随机性。 激活/去激活电路的无源电路部件和计数器的无源电路部件被选择用于对温度变化和环境的其它物理特性的响应的灵敏度，使得电路的响应时间变化。 此外，项目本身（可能是人）可以在形状或按下按钮的时间方面变化，使得例如由通过它的物品或人员打破的超声波束将增加计数的持续时间，并且 因此选择的随机性。

公开(公告)号：US5198870A

公开(公告)日：1993-03-30

申请号：US697032

申请日：1991-05-08

Applicant: James W. Kronberg

Inventor： James W. Kronberg

IPC: G01J3/14 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01N21/69

CPC classification number: G01N21/69 ,  G01J3/14 ,  G01J3/2803

Abstract: Apparatus for isotopic analysis of hydrogen comprises a low pressure chamber into which a sample of hydrogen is introduced and then exposed to an electrical discharge to excite the electrons of the hydrogen atoms to higher energy states and thereby cause the emission of light on the return to lower energy states, a Fresnel prism made at least in part of a material anomalously dispersive to the wavelengths of interest for dispersing the emitted light, and a photodiode array for receiving the dispersed light. The light emitted by the sample is filtered to pass only the desired wavelengths, such as one of the lines of the Balmer series for hydrogen, the wavelengths of which differ slightly from one isotope to another. The output of the photodiode array is processed to determine the relative amounts of each isotope present in the sample. Additionally, the sample itself may be recovered using a metal hydride.

Abstract translation: 用于氢的同位素分析的装置包括低压室，氢气样本被引入其中，然后暴露于放电以将氢原子的电子激发到更高的能量状态，从而导致在返回时的光的发射降低 能量状态，菲涅尔棱镜至少部分地对于分散发射光的感兴趣的波长异常分散的材料制成，以及用于接收分散的光的光电二极管阵列。 样品发射的光被过滤以仅通过所需的波长，例如Balmer系列的一条用于氢的波长，其波长与一个同位素稍微不同。 处理光电二极管阵列的输出以确定样品中存在的每个同位素的相对量。 此外，样品本身可以使用金属氢化物回收。

公开(公告)号：US5159318A

公开(公告)日：1992-10-27

申请号：US598302

申请日：1990-10-16

Applicant: James W. Kronberg

Inventor： James W. Kronberg

IPC: G01F23/24 ,  G08B21/18

CPC classification number: G01F23/247 ,  G08B21/182

Abstract: A liquid level detector comprises a thermistor and circuitry for determining electrically if the thermistor is wet or dry and additionally, and continuously, if the thermistor is open or shorted. The voltage across the thermistor is filtered to remove low frequency electrical noise, then compared with a reference low voltage to determine if shorted and to a transition voltage chosen to be between the thermistor's normal wet and dry voltages to determine if the thermistor is wet or dry. The voltage is also compared to the supply voltage using a CMOS gate circuit element to determine if the thermistor is open. The gate passes both faults on to an LED to signal that a fault condition exists or indicates by another LED the wet or dry condition of the thermistor. A pump may be activated through a relay if the thermistor tests wet or dry, as desired.

Abstract translation: 液位检测器包括热敏电阻和用于电热测定热敏电阻是湿还是干的电路，另外，如果热敏电阻打开或短路，则连续地进行。 过滤热敏电阻两端的电压以去除低频电噪声，然后与参考低电压进行比较，以确定是否短路，并将转换电压选择为热敏电阻的正常湿电压和干电压之间，以确定热敏电阻是湿还是干 。 还使用CMOS门电路元件将电压与电源电压进行比较，以确定热敏电阻是否断开。 门将两个故障传递到LED，以表明存在故障条件或由另一个LED指示热敏电阻的湿或干燥状态。 如果热敏电阻根据需要测试湿或干，可以通过继电器激活泵。

公开(公告)号：US5143149A

公开(公告)日：1992-09-01

申请号：US718518

申请日：1991-06-21

Applicant: James W. Kronberg

Inventor： James W. Kronberg

IPC: F24D17/00 ,  F28D21/00

CPC classification number: F28D21/0007 ,  F24D17/0005 ,  F28D21/0012 ,  Y02B30/566 ,  Y10S165/909

Abstract: A heat recovery system with a heat exchanger and a mixing valve. A drain trap includes a heat exchanger with an inner coiled tube, baffle plate, wastewater inlet, wastewater outlet, cold water inlet, and preheated water outlet. Wastewater enters the drain trap through the wastewater inlet, is slowed and spread by the baffle plate, and passes downward to the wastewater outlet. Cold water enters the inner tube through the cold water inlet and flows generally upward, taking on heat from the wastewater. This preheated water is fed to the mixing valve, which includes a flexible yoke to which are attached an adjustable steel rod, two stationary zinc rods, and a pivoting arm. The free end of the arm forms a pad which rests against a valve seat. The rods and pivoting arm expand or contract as the temperature of the incoming preheated water changes. The zinc rods expand more than the steel rod, flexing the yoke and rotating the pivoting arm. The pad moves towards the valve seat as the temperature of the preheated water rises, and away as the temperature falls, admitting a variable amount of hot water to maintain a nearly constant average process water temperature.

Abstract translation: 具有热交换器和混合阀的热回收系统。 排水管包括一个带有内螺旋管，挡板，废水入口，废水出口，冷水入口和预热出水口的热交换器。 废水通过污水入口进入排水管，通过挡板减慢和传播，向下流到废水出口。 冷水通过冷水入口进入内管，通常向上流动，从废水中吸收热量。 该预热的水被输送到混合阀，该混合阀包括附接有可调节钢杆，两个固定锌棒和枢转臂的柔性轭。 臂的自由端形成靠在阀座上的垫。 随着进入的预热水的温度变化，杆和枢转臂膨胀或收缩。 锌棒比钢棒膨胀得更多，弯曲磁轭并旋转枢转臂。 当预热水的温度上升时，垫移动到阀座，随着温度的下降而移动，允许不同量的热水保持几乎恒定的平均工艺水温。