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公开(公告)号：US4495656A
公开(公告)日：1985-01-22
申请号：US417506
申请日：1982-09-13
CPC分类号： H04B10/00 , G02B6/2861
摘要： A digital word generator uses a tap fiber optic delay line to generate a sequence of pulses. The pulses are weighted and combined to produce a digital word.
摘要翻译： 数字字发生器使用抽头光纤延迟线来产生脉冲序列。 脉冲被加权并组合以产生数字字。
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公开(公告)号：US4493528A
公开(公告)日：1985-01-15
申请号：US139511
申请日：1980-04-11
申请人： Herbert J. Shaw , Ralph A. Bergh
发明人： Herbert J. Shaw , Ralph A. Bergh
CPC分类号： G02B6/3536 , G02B6/2826 , G02B6/283 , G02B6/3594 , Y10S359/90
摘要： Apparatus and method of manufacture for coupling optical power between two strands of fiber optic material in a given direction of propagation. The coupler employs generally parallel, intersecting strands of fiber optic material having the cladding removed on one side thereof to within a few microns of the fiber cores in the region of intersection to permit light transfer between the strands.
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33.发明授权Technique of reducing the Kerr effect and extending the dynamic range in a brillouin fiber optic gyroscope 失效降低克尔效应并扩展布里渊光纤陀螺仪动态范围的技术
公开(公告)号：US5537671A
公开(公告)日：1996-07-16
申请号：US383776
申请日：1995-02-10
CPC分类号： G01C19/72 , G02F2001/211 , G02F2001/212 , G02F2201/58 , G02F2203/15 , G02F2203/21
摘要： A Brillouin fiber optic gyroscope includes an intensity modulator in the optical loop which periodically attenuates the Brillouin light waves counterpropagating in the optical loop so that the counterpropagating Brillouin waves each propagate as square waves. The use of square wave modulation for the counterpropagating light wave reduces the cross-effect of the Brillouin waves to substantially the same magnitude as the self-effect so that the non-reciprocal Kerr effect is substantially reduced or eliminated. In order to support the counterpropagating square waves, the optical loop is pumped with pump light having frequency components selected to pump the optical fiber to provide Brillouin light at frequencies necessary to generate square waves in the counterpropagating Brillouin light waves. In addition, the Brillouin light must be generated at the correct intensity and phase relationship to form the square wave. Because the relationship between the pump light and the generated Brillouin light is a non-linear function, the relative magnitudes of the frequency components of the pump light are selected to be different from the relative magnitudes of the Brillouin light so that when the pump light is applied to the optical loop, the transfer function results in the correct magnitudes for the frequency components of the Brillouin light. The intensity modulator assures that the Brillouin light is maintained in the proper phase relationship to maintain a square waveform.
摘要翻译： 布里渊光纤陀螺仪包括光环路中的强度调制器，其周期性地衰减在光环路中相反传播的布里渊光波，使得反向传播的布里渊波每个以方波传播。 对于相反传播的光波使用方波调制将布里渊波的交叉效应降低到与自身效应基本相同的大小，从而大大减少或消除了非倒数克尔效应。 为了支持相反的方波，光环路泵浦具有频率分量选择泵浦光纤的泵浦光，以提供在反向传播布里渊光波中产生方波所需频率所需的布里渊光。 此外，必须以正确的强度和相位关系产生布里渊光，形成方波。 由于泵浦光和所产生的布里渊光之间的关系是非线性函数，因此泵浦光的频率分量的相对大小被选择为与布里渊光的相对幅度不同，因此当泵浦光 应用于光环路，传递函数对布里渊光的频率分量产生正确的幅度。 强度调制器确保布里渊光保持在适当的相位关系，以保持方波。
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公开(公告)号：US5077087A
公开(公告)日：1991-12-31
申请号：US491442
申请日：1990-02-28
申请人： Robert L. Byer , Amado Cordova , Michael Digonnet , Martin Fejer , Celestino Gaeta , Herbert J. Shaw , Shoichi Sudo
发明人： Robert L. Byer , Amado Cordova , Michael Digonnet , Martin Fejer , Celestino Gaeta , Herbert J. Shaw , Shoichi Sudo
CPC分类号： H01S3/092 , C03B37/023 , G02B6/02 , G02F1/0353 , G02F1/3775 , H01S3/06708
摘要： Methods and apparatus are shown for cladding grown single crystal optical fibers. Neodymium YAG fibers are clad with a high index glass, either melted around the fiber in a trough or extruded over the fiber surface. Lithium niobate fibers are clad through an impregnation process. The lithium niobate fiber is first coated with magnesium oxide and then heated to a temperature and for a time sufficient for the magnesium oxide dopant material to diffuse into the fiber. The dopant lowers the intrinsic refractive indices of the fiber material around its circumference, creating a cladding region around the fiber core. Single crystal fibers clad by these methods and combined with suitable pumping means or with deposited electrodes provide low-loss single mode optical components useful for amplification, electro-optical effects and acousto-optical effects.
摘要翻译： 示出了用于包覆生长的单晶光纤的方法和装置。 钕YAG纤维用高折射率玻璃包覆，在槽中围绕纤维熔化或在纤维表面上挤出。 铌酸锂纤维通过浸渍工艺包覆。 铌酸锂纤维首先用氧化镁涂覆，然后加热到足以使氧化镁掺杂剂材料扩散到纤维中的温度和时间。 掺杂剂降低纤维材料围绕其圆周的固有折射率，从而在纤维芯周围产生包层区域。 通过这些方法包覆的单晶纤维与合适的泵送装置或沉积电极组合提供了用于放大，电光效应和声光效应的低损耗单模光学部件。
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公开(公告)号：US4859016A
公开(公告)日：1989-08-22
申请号：US137870
申请日：1987-12-22
IPC分类号： H01S3/067 , H01S3/0933 , H01S3/094 , H04B10/17 , H04J14/02
CPC分类号： H04B10/2912 , H01S3/0933 , H01S3/094003 , H04B10/291 , H04J14/02 , H01S3/06787 , H01S3/094011
摘要： An amplifier for use with fiber optic systems comprises a neodymium YAG crystal placed in series with a signal-carrying optical fiber. The ND:YAG crystal is supplied by the optical fiber with both the signal to be amplified, and pumping illumination. The pumping illumination is coupled onto the optical fiber by a multiplexing coupler which is used to combine the signal to be amplified and illumination from a pumping illumination source onto a single optical fiber. The pumping illumination inverts the neodymium ions within the ND:YAG crystal. The signal to be amplified propagates through this crystal to stimulate emission of coherent light from the neodymium ions, resulting in amplification of the signal. Because this arrangement permits the ND:YAG crystal to be end-pumped with pumping illumination, and because the length of the ND:YAG crystal may be substantially greater that the absorption length for the crystal at the wavelength of the pumping illumination, virtually all of the pumping illumination may be absorbed within the ND:YAG crystal and used for amplification of the signal carried by the optical fiber.
摘要翻译： 用于光纤系统的放大器包括与信号承载光纤串联放置的钕YAG晶体。 ND：YAG晶体由光纤提供，同时具有要放大的信号和泵浦照明。 泵浦照明通过复用耦合器耦合到光纤上，复用耦合器用于将待放大的信号和来自泵浦照明源的照明组合到单个光纤上。 泵浦照明反转ND：YAG晶体内的钕离子。 要放大的信号通过该晶体传播，以刺激来自钕离子的相干光的发射，导致信号的放大。 因为这种布置允许ND：YAG晶体在泵浦照明下被端泵浦，并且因为ND：YAG晶体的长度可能显着大于泵浦照明波长处的晶体的吸收长度，实际上全部 泵浦照明可以在ND：YAG晶体内被吸收，并用于放大由光纤承载的信号。
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公开(公告)号：US4721352A
公开(公告)日：1988-01-26
申请号：US833953
申请日：1986-02-27
申请人： Wayne V Sorin , Karen Liu , Herbert J. Shaw
发明人： Wayne V Sorin , Karen Liu , Herbert J. Shaw
IPC分类号： G02B6/10 , G02B6/28 , G02F1/1333 , G02B5/30
CPC分类号： G02F1/1326 , G02B6/105 , G02B6/2821 , Y10S359/90
摘要： An apparatus selectively transmits light in one of two orthogonal polarizations in an optical fiber. The apparatus has a facing surface formed at one location on the fiber to expose the evanescent field of an optical signal in the fiber. A nematic liquid crystal is placed in contact with the facing surface so that it is in communication with the evanescent field of the optical signal. The nematic crystals have a first orientation state which presents a first refractive index to light traveling in one polarization and a second refractive index to light traveling in the other polarization. The light traveling in one polarization is well guided while the light traveling in the other polarization is radiated at the facing surface. Thus, only light of one polarization continues to propagate through the fiber. The nematic crystals have a second orientation state in which the relative refractive indices for the two polarizations of light are changed so that the polarization which was originally well guided is radiated at the facing surface and the polarization which was originally radiated is well guided. The change in the orientation states of the nematic crystals is accomplished by applying an electric field between two electrodes so that the nematic crystals align themselves with the electric field.
摘要翻译： 一种装置选择性地透射光纤中的两个正交偏振中的一个中的光。 该装置具有在光纤上的一个位置处形成的面对表面，以暴露光纤中光信号的消逝场。 向列液晶被放置成与相对表面接触，使得其与光信号的渐逝场相通。 向列型晶体具有第一取向状态，其对于以一种偏振行进的光和对另一种偏振光行进的光呈现第二折射率的第一折射率。 在一个极化中行进的光被良好地引导，而在另一个极化中行进的光在相对表面处被辐射。 因此，只有一个极化的光继续传播通过光纤。 向列型晶体具有第二取向状态，其中光的两个偏振的相对折射率改变，使得最初被良好导向的偏振辐射在相对表面，并且最初辐射的偏振被良好地引导。 向列结晶的取向状态的变化通过在两个电极之间施加电场来实现，使得向列晶体与电场对准。
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公开(公告)号：US4674830A
公开(公告)日：1987-06-23
申请号：US554888
申请日：1983-11-25
IPC分类号： G02B6/00 , G02B6/28 , G02F1/17 , G02F1/313 , G02F1/35 , H01S3/06 , H01S3/067 , H01S3/07 , H01S3/091 , H01S3/0933 , H01S3/094 , H01S3/10 , H01S3/23 , H03F3/08 , H03F3/18 , H04B10/17 , G02B6/26
CPC分类号： H04B10/2912 , H01S3/094003 , H04B10/291 , H01S3/06787 , H01S3/094011
摘要： An amplifier for use with fiber optic systems comprises a neodymium YAG crystal placed in series with a signal-carrying optical fiber. The ND:YAG crystal is supplied by the optical fiber with both the signal to be amplified, and pumping illumination. The pumping illumination is coupled onto the optical fiber by a multiplexing coupler which is used to combine the signal to be amplified and illumination from a pumping illumination source onto a single optical fiber. The pumping illumination inverts the neodymium ions within the ND:YAG crystal. The signal to be amplified propagates through this crystal to stimulate emission of coherent light from the neodymium ions, resulting in amplification of the signal. Because this arrangement permits the ND:YAG crystal to be end-pumped with pumping illumination, and because the length of the ND:YAG crystal may be substantially greater than the absorption length for the crystal at the wavelength of the pumping illumination, virtually all of the pumping illumination may be absorbed within the ND:YAG crystal and used for amplification of the signal carried by the optical fiber.
摘要翻译： 用于光纤系统的放大器包括与信号承载光纤串联放置的钕YAG晶体。 ND：YAG晶体由光纤提供，同时具有要放大的信号和泵浦照明。 泵浦照明通过复用耦合器耦合到光纤上，复用耦合器用于将待放大的信号和来自泵浦照明源的照明组合到单个光纤上。 泵浦照明反转ND：YAG晶体内的钕离子。 要放大的信号通过该晶体传播，以刺激来自钕离子的相干光的发射，导致信号的放大。 因为这种布置允许ND：YAG晶体在泵浦照明下被端泵浦，并且由于ND：YAG晶体的长度可能显着大于在泵浦照明的波长处的晶体的吸收长度，所以实际上所有 泵浦照明可以在ND：YAG晶体内被吸收，并用于放大由光纤承载的信号。
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38.发明授权Fiber optic rotation sensor utilizing a magnetic shield and an optical isolator 失效光纤旋转传感器采用磁屏蔽和光隔离器
公开(公告)号：US4671658A
公开(公告)日：1987-06-09
申请号：US319311
申请日：1981-11-09
CPC分类号： G01C19/72
摘要： A fiber optic rotation sensor, employing the Sagnac effect, comprises all fiber optic components, positioned along a continuous, uninterrupted strand of fiber optic material. The rotation sensor includes a detection system utilizing a modulator for phase modulating light waves which counterpropagate through a loop formed in the fiber optic strand. The modulator is operated at a specific frequency to eliminate amplitude modulation in the detected optical output signal. The rotation sensor is mounted in a .mu.-metal housing to shield it from the effects of ambient magnetic fields. An isolator is utilized to prevent the optical output signal from returning to the laser source. This advantageously reduces power losses in the system by eliminating the need for a coupler to couple the output signal to a detector.
摘要翻译： 使用Sagnac效应的光纤旋转传感器包括沿着连续的，不间断的光纤材料束定位的所有光纤部件。 旋转传感器包括利用调制器的检测系统，该调制器用于相位调制通过在光纤链中形成的环路而反向传播的光波。 调制器以特定频率工作，以消除所检测的光输出信号中的幅度调制。 旋转传感器安装在金属外壳中，以防止环境磁场的影响。 使用隔离器来防止光输出信号返回激光源。 这有利地通过消除对耦合器将输出信号耦合到检测器的需要来减少系统中的功率损耗。
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公开(公告)号：US4634852A
公开(公告)日：1987-01-06
申请号：US564998
申请日：1983-12-13
申请人： Herbert J. Shaw
发明人： Herbert J. Shaw
CPC分类号： G01D5/35303 , G01H9/004 , G01J9/02 , G01J2009/0226
摘要： A closed loop optical fiber interferometer is used in sensing a quantity, Q, by applying a time varying or modulated measure of, Q, asymmetrically to the closed loop (24) and detecting phase shift between two counterpropagating optical signals in the closed loop. The closed loop (24) can be used as the sensing element or a separate sensor (68, 70) can develop a time varying signal which is then applied to the closed loop interferometer.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / US83 / 00534 Sec。 371日期：1983年12月13日 102（e）日期1983年12月13日PCT提交1983年4月13日PCT公布。 出版物WO83 / 03685 日期：1983年10月27日。闭环光纤干涉仪用于通过对闭环（24）不对称地施加时变或调制测量Q来感测数量Q，并检测两个反向传播光学 闭环信号。 闭环（24）可以用作感测元件，或者单独的传感器（68,70）可以产生随后施加到闭环干涉仪的时变信号。
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公开(公告)号：US4536058A
公开(公告)日：1985-08-20
申请号：US300955
申请日：1981-09-10
申请人： Herbert J. Shaw , Ralph A. Bergh
发明人： Herbert J. Shaw , Ralph A. Bergh
CPC分类号： G02B6/2826 , G02B6/283 , Y10S359/90
摘要： A fiber optic directional coupler comprises a pair of bases, with respective longitudinal, arcuate grooves formed therein on confronting faces thereof, for mounting a pair of optical fibers in close proximity. A portion of the cladding is removed from each of the fibers to form planar facing surfaces which permits the spacing between the fiber cores to be within a predetermined critical zone so that guided modes of the fibers interact, through their evanescent fields, to cause light to be transferred by evanescent field coupling between the fibers. The coupler is "tuned" to a desired coupling efficiency by offsetting the planar facing surfaces to increase the spacing between the fiber cores. A method of manufacture of the coupler includes procedures which permit the coupler halves to be made symmetrical. The method also permits couplers having given coupling characteristics to be reproduced.
摘要翻译： 光纤定向耦合器包括一对基座，在其相对的表面上形成有各自的纵向弧形槽，用于将一对光纤安装在紧邻处。 从每个纤维中去除包层的一部分以形成平面相对表面，其允许纤维芯之间的间隔在预定的临界区内，使得纤维的引导模式通过它们的渐逝场相互作用，以使光线 通过纤维之间的ev逝场耦合传递。 耦合器通过抵消平面相对表面以增加光纤芯之间的间距而被“调谐”到期望的耦合效率。 耦合器的制造方法包括允许耦合器半部对称的过程。 该方法还允许具有给定耦合特性的耦合器被再现。
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