摘要:
A wheel information estimating apparatus, which includes: a detecting device for detecting a wheel motion state relating to a movement of a tired wheel of a motor vehicle; an estimating device for estimating wheel information relating to the tired wheel, on the basis of the wheel motion state detected by the detecting device; and a modifying device for modifying an element relating to estimation of the wheel information, so as to improve an accuracy of estimating the wheel information. The element to be modified is selected from a movement of a center of rotation of the tired wheel as viewed in a plane in which the wheel is rotated, a signal applied from the detecting device to the estimating device, and an internal parameter used by the estimating means for estimating the wheel information.
摘要:
An anti-lock braking system includes a friction torque gradient estimating unit for estimating, from a small number of parameters, the gradient of friction torque with respect to a slip speed, and controls a braking force acting on wheels on the basis of the friction torque gradient estimated by the friction torque gradient estimating unit. The friction torque gradient estimating unit may employ several types of estimating methods; e.g., a method of estimating the gradient of friction torque from only time-series data concerning a wheel speed; a method of estimating the friction torque gradient from time-series data concerning wheel deceleration as well as from braking torque or time-series data concerning physical quantities associated with the braking torque; or a method of estimating the friction torque gradient from micro-gains which are obtained when brake pressure is excited in a very small amount at the resonance frequency of a vibration system comprising a vehicle, wheels, and a road surface and which represent the characteristics of the vibration system. Further, there is also disclosed a method of determining, from the thus-estimated friction torque gradient, the limit of the characteristics of friction torque developed between the wheels and the road surface.
摘要:
A battery state estimating unit estimates an internal state of a secondary battery in accordance with a battery model equation in every arithmetic cycle, and estimates a charging rate and a battery current based on a result of the estimation. A parameter estimating unit obtains a battery current measured by a sensor as well as the charging rate and the battery current estimated by the battery state estimating unit. The parameter estimating unit estimates a capacity deterioration parameter such that a rate of change in difference (estimation error) between a summed value of an actual current and a summed value of an estimated current with respect to the charging rate is minimized. A result obtained by estimating the capacity deterioration parameter is reflected in the battery model by the battery state estimating unit.
摘要:
A structure for effectively heating a battery. A battery is housed in a battery container. A condenser is formed such that a heating medium is in direct contact with a surface of the battery container, and condenses the heating medium to heat the battery via the battery container. The heating medium condensed by the condenser is supplied to an evaporator that heats and vaporizes the heating medium. The heating medium vaporized by the evaporator which is in vapor is circulated to the condenser.
摘要:
A dog clutch actuator including a sleeve including dog teeth made engageable with the dog teeth formed in a power transmission shaft and made movable in the axial direction, and a plunger for moving together with the sleeve. The plunger is axially moved through a yoke by electric currents to flow through coils. In the dog clutch actuator, by the shapes of the plunger and the yoke, a sucking force increases in the engaging direction, when the dog clutch is engaged, and decreases in the disengaging direction, when the dog clutch is disengaged.
摘要:
When an engine is operated, a power dividing mechanism divides power of the engine to output the power to a motor for running operation and a motor for a cargo handling operation, respectively. Each of loads is driven via a rotational shaft of a corresponding one of the motors. By operating the engine and supplying the motors with electric power from a battery to operate the motors, each of the loads can also be driven by the sum of power of the engine and power of a corresponding one of the motors. When surplus power is generated in the power of the engine, each of the motors is operated as an electric power generating unit by the surplus power. As a result, the battery is charged.
摘要:
A wheel speed is detected by a wheel speed detecting device, and a wheel speed signal is outputted to a reference value setting device. At the reference value setting device, the wheel speed signal is corrected such that a center of an amplitude of the wheel speed signal becomes a zero reference, and the wheel speed signal is amplified by carrying out a predetermined processing. Further, a selecting device selects, of the wheel speed signals during a predetermined period of time, wheel speed signals whose S/N ratios are poor, which are not to be used. A frequency detecting device judges a tire air pressure state by an air pressure state judging device from a number of times an amplified wheel speed signal crosses the zero reference (a number of times a sign changes).
摘要:
A device for estimating a road friction state in which a friction state of a wheel with respect to a road surface can be estimated accurately. A bandpass filter extracts, from a wheel speed signal detected by a wheel speed detecting unit, a portion of the wheel speed signal in a predetermined range which includes a torsion resonance point at which a frequency is greater than a low frequency regions. A vibration level computing unit computes a vibration level of the wheel speed signal. A road friction state estimating unit estimates the friction state of the wheel with respect to the road surface on the basis of a vibration level computed by the vibration level computing unit and an estimated value of a road &mgr; slope computed by a &mgr; slope computing unit, and on the basis of a relationship between the two determined for each road surface state.
摘要:
An apparatus for diagnosing a fault in a dynamic system includes a controller which controls the dynamic system through use of a control input signal and vibrates the dynamic system through use of an vibration signal irrelevant to the internal state quantity of the dynamic system; an observer for estimating, on the basis of a response output from the vibration dynamic system, total disturbance which is a sum of an internal disturbance vector stemming from a fault in the dynamic system and a vibration disturbance vector occurring in the dynamic system through vibration; a correlation calculation unit which calculates cross-correlation between the thus-estimated total disturbance and the internal state quantity of the dynamic system and separates a component related to the internal disturbance from the total disturbance; and a diagnostic unit for diagnosing a fault in the dynamic system on the basis of the thus-separated component related to the internal disturbance. Since the dynamic system is vibrated, the response output can be increased even when there exists small external disturbance. As a result, a fault or a variation in air pressure in a tire can be highly accurately diagnosed.
摘要:
An apparatus for estimating an air pressure of a tire of a tired wheel of a motor vehicle, on the basis of a temperature of the tire as well as a motion of the tired wheel, preferably including a temperature-related variable sensor for detecting a temperature-related variable related to the temperature of the tire, and an estimating device for estimating the air pressure of the tire on the basis of the temperature-related variable as well as the motion of the tired wheel.