公开(公告)号：US4031545A

公开(公告)日：1977-06-21

申请号：US611230

申请日：1975-09-08

Applicant: Jay A. Stein ,  Martin Annis

Inventor： Jay A. Stein ,  Martin Annis

IPC: G01N23/04 ,  G01V5/00 ,  H04N7/18

CPC classification number: G01V5/0008 ,  G01N23/043

Abstract: An X-ray inspection system includes a circuit that responds to a high level of opacity for more than a predetermined time interval by providing an alarm signal to alert the inspector of the possibility of concealed contraband. The circuitry also provides a pulse when exceptional opacity is detected for combination with the vertical deflection signal to translate the display of exceptionally opaque objects to a different portion of the viewing screen to facilitate identification of potential contraband without opening the baggage or parcel being inspected.

Abstract translation: X射线检查系统包括通过提供警报信号来警告检查者隐藏违禁品的可能性的电路，其响应于高水平的不透明度超过预定时间间隔。 当检测到异常不透明度以与垂直偏转信号组合以将异常不透明物体的显示转换到观察屏幕的不同部分时，电路还提供脉冲，以便于识别可能的违禁品而不打开被检查的行李或包裹。

公开(公告)号：US07860211B1

公开(公告)日：2010-12-28

申请号：US12825245

申请日：2010-06-28

Applicant: Martin Annis

Inventor： Martin Annis

IPC: A61B6/00

CPC classification number: G01N23/044 ,  G01N2223/419

Abstract: A method of producing a laminography image of an object. The object is rotated on a platform in an object space between a fixed x-ray source and multiple columns of detector elements. Two samples of each voxel are taken at each detector column, one for each of the two alignments of the x-ray source, voxel, and detector column as the object rotates. It is generally possible to image the entire object in one rotation. Optionally, the platform axis can be offset from the system center line or the platform can be translated through the object space in the plane of the platform in order to make sure that each voxel traverses all of the detector columns to acquire maximum data. Once all of the data for all of the voxels is acquired, it is used with any appropriate laminography algorithm to produce images of the object.

Abstract translation: 一种产生物体的层析图像的方法。 物体在固定的X射线源和多列检测器元件之间的对象空间中的平台上旋转。 在每个检测器列取两个样本的每个体素，当对象旋转时，对于X射线源，体素和检测器列的两个对准中的每一个进行一次。 通常可以在一个旋转中对整个对象进行成像。 可选地，平台轴线可以偏离系统中心线，或者平台可以平移通过平台平面中的对象空间，以便确保每个体素穿过所有检测器列以获取最大数据。 一旦获取了所有体素的所有数据，就可以使用任何适当的laminography算法来生成对象的图像。

公开(公告)号：US20080043913A1

公开(公告)日：2008-02-21

申请号：US11838783

申请日：2007-08-14

Applicant: Martin Annis

Inventor： Martin Annis

IPC: G01N23/201

CPC classification number: G01T1/203 ,  G01T1/163 ,  G01V5/0025

Abstract: An x-ray source emits a cone beam to a fixed horizontal slit in an x-ray-blocking sheet. The slit produces a fan beam that is chopped into a pencil beam by a rotating disk with radial slots. The pencil beam sweeps across and strikes a subject, producing backscatter that is read by a backscatter detector. The x-ray source, slit sheet, rotating disk, and detector translate vertically to produce a complete image of the subject. X-ray flux is increased by as much as a factor of 50 over prior art personnel inspection systems using several techniques. The detector uses a plastic scintillator situated very close to and curved around the sides of the subject, which increases the average solid angle subtended by the x-ray backscatter detector at a point on the surface of the subject. Decrease in pencil beam flux intensity farther from the center is compensated for by increasing the area of the pencil beam by increasing the width of the slit toward both ends and by increasing the width of the slots from the inner end to the outer end. The x-ray source is placed as close as possible to the subject, the distance determined as one half of the maximum width of the subject, which reduces the x-ray tube power requirement. A dual-energy x-ray source with a high peak x-ray energy of greater than 50 KeV and a low peak x-ray energy not more than 30 KeV is used. The lower energy is as low as possible to differentiate between the innocent low Z materials and contraband that may also contain only low Z materials.

Abstract translation: X射线源将一个锥形光束发射到X射线遮挡片中的固定水平狭缝。 狭缝产生通过具有径向槽的旋转盘将其切成铅笔束的扇形束。 铅笔光束扫过一个被摄体，产生后向散射，后向散射由后向散射检测器读取。 X射线源，狭缝片，旋转盘和检测器垂直平移以产生被摄体的完整图像。 使用几种技术的现有技术的人员检查系统，X射线通量增加了50倍。 检测器使用位于受试者侧面非常接近并弯曲的塑料闪烁体，这增加了被摄体表面上的一个点处由x射线背向散射检测器对着的平均立体角。 通过增加狭缝朝向两端的宽度以及通过增加从内端到外端的狭槽的宽度来增加笔尖光束的面积来补偿从中心延伸的笔尖光束通量强度的减小。 x射线源被放置得尽可能靠近被摄体，距离被确定为被摄体的最大宽度的一半，这降低了X射线管的功率需求。 使用具有大于50KeV的高峰值x射线能量和不超过30KeV的低峰值X射线能量的双能X射线源。 较低的能量尽可能低，以区分无辜的低Z材料和也可能仅含有低Z材料的违禁品。

公开(公告)号：US06993111B1

公开(公告)日：2006-01-31

申请号：US11059966

申请日：2005-02-17

Applicant: Martin Annis

Inventor： Martin Annis

IPC: G01N23/04

CPC classification number: G01N23/04

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing blurring caused by transverse movement of an object being inspected relative to the x-ray source/detector array assembly. The plane of the scanning fan beam plane generated by the x-ray source is tilted by an angle relative to the plane that is perpendicular to the direction of motion of the object by an angle such that the fan beam source traverses distance D parallel to the direction of motion of the object in the same amount of time as one scan of the fan beam.

Abstract translation: 一种用于减少由被检查物体相对于X射线源/检测器阵列组件的横向移动引起的模糊的方法和装置。 由X射线源产生的扫描扇形光束平面的平面相对于垂直于物体的运动方向的平面倾斜一角度，使得扇形光束源穿过平行于该物体的距离D 与物体的一次扫描相同的时间量的物体的运动方向。

公开(公告)号：US06628745B1

公开(公告)日：2003-09-30

申请号：US09897715

申请日：2001-07-02

Applicant: Martin Annis ,  Richard Adler

Inventor： Martin Annis ,  Richard Adler

IPC: A61B600

CPC classification number: G01V5/005 ,  A61B6/032 ,  A61B6/4028 ,  A61B6/4078 ,  A61B6/4441 ,  G01N2223/204 ,  G01N2223/419

Abstract: A digital tomography system includes an electron source that provides a beam of electrons, and an electromagnet assembly that receives said beam of electrons and is configured and arranged to direct the beam of electrons along a selected path, wherein the assembly provides a redirected beam of electrons. The system also includes a target that is struck by the redirected beam of electrons and generates a cone of x-rays, and a slit collimator that receives the cone of x-rays and generates a fan beam. A first line of detectors is positioned to detect x-rays that pass through the object under inspection, and provide sensed signals indicative thereof to a controller that receives the sensed signals and forms a displayable image of a selected plane through the object under inspection.

Abstract translation: 数字断层摄影系统包括提供电子束的电子源和接收所述电子束的电磁体组件，并且被配置和布置成沿着所选择的路径引导电子束，其中所述组件提供重定向的电子束 。 该系统还包括被重定向的电子束撞击的目标并产生一个x射线的锥体，以及狭缝准直器，其接收x射线的锥体并产生扇形光束。 检测器的第一行被定位成检测通过被检查物体的X射线，并且将检测到的信号提供给控制器，该控制器接收感测到的信号，并通过被检查物体形成所选择的平面的可显示图像。

公开(公告)号：US6009146A

公开(公告)日：1999-12-28

申请号：US880927

申请日：1997-06-23

Applicant: Richard J. Adler ,  Martin Annis

Inventor： Richard J. Adler ,  Martin Annis

IPC: G01N23/06 ,  G01N23/04

CPC classification number: G01N23/06

Abstract: High energy scanning apparatus including a high voltage electrostatic generator and particle accelerator. A variable-trajectory electron beam is converted to a photon beam and collimated by a stationary collimator having a plurality of photon-passing slits. The stationary collimator produces a plurality of photon beams linearly and angularly displaced relative to each other in two dimensions. The photon beams are detected, thereby producing a plurality of preselected images including stereoscopic images. Also disclosed is a method of using the apparatus.

Abstract translation: 高能扫描装置包括高压静电发生器和粒子加速器。 可变轨迹电子束被转换成光子束并由具有多个光子通过狭缝的固定准直器准直。 固定准直仪在两个维度上相对于彼此线性地并且有角度位移地产生多个光子束。 检测光子束，由此产生包括立体图像的多个预选图像。 还公开了使用该装置的方法。

公开(公告)号：US5483569A

公开(公告)日：1996-01-09

申请号：US136087

申请日：1993-10-14

Applicant: Martin Annis

Inventor： Martin Annis

IPC: G01V5/00 ,  G01N23/203

CPC classification number: G01V5/0008

Abstract: An inspection system for inspecting objects with penetrating radiation having a conveying means with first and second portions which are separated by a gap. Illumination by penetrating radiation is provided in a scanning plane which is located in the gap, and the system may be used for the inspection of thin objects. Additionally, the illumination may be arranged in the inspection of normal size objects, e.g., suitcases or cargo boxes, so that it does not include a ray which is perpendicular to any face of the object. Further, the relative orientation of the scanning plane and the faces of the object may be arranged so that the illumination does not include a ray which is parallel to any face of the object. A scanning configuration wherein the illumination does not include a ray which is perpendicular or parallel to any face of an object having parallel faces, for example, a rectangular solid, results in a display projection of the object which appears to be three dimensional.

Abstract translation: 一种用于检查具有穿透辐射的物体的检查系统，具有带间隙的第一和第二部分的输送装置。 在位于间隙中的扫描平面中设置穿透辐射照明，该系统可用于检查薄物体。 另外，照明可以布置在正常尺寸的物体（例如，行李箱或货物箱）的检查中，使得其不包括垂直于物体的任何面的射线。 此外，可以布置扫描平面和物体的面的相对取向，使得照明不包括平行于物体的任何面的光线。 一种扫描配置，其中照明不包括垂直或平行于具有平行面的物体的任何面的光线，例如矩形实心，导致物体的显示投影，其显示为三维。

公开(公告)号：US5022062A

公开(公告)日：1991-06-04

申请号：US406333

申请日：1989-09-13

Applicant: Martin Annis

Inventor： Martin Annis

IPC: G01N23/203 ,  G01V5/00

CPC classification number: G01V5/0016 ,  G01N23/203 ,  G01V5/0025

Abstract: Automatic thread detection in association with imaging with relies on a backscatter detector and illumination by a flying spot source of penetrating radiation. The digital backscatter image is processed to produce a histogram. The histogram is compared to a predetermined threat characteristic and an alarm is sounded if the histogram exceeds the threat characteristic. The threat characteristic is derived in an empirical fashion and automatically modified based on sensing selected parameters associated with the scanning. Operator control over the threat characteristic is also implemented. The flying spot source is also associated with a transmit detector to produce a transmit image. The transmit image is also processed against predetermined parameters for threat assessment. The predetermined parameters are also operator variable.

Abstract translation: 与依赖于后向散射检测器的成像相关联的自动线程检测和通过穿透辐射的飞点源的照明。 处理数字反向散射图像以产生直方图。 将直方图与预定的威胁特征进行比较，如果直方图超过威胁特性，则会发出警报。 威胁特征是以经验的方式得出的，并且基于感测与扫描有关的所选参数自动修改。 操作员对威胁特征的控制也得到实施。 飞点源还与发射检测器相关联以产生发射图像。 传送图像也是针对威胁评估的预定参数进行处理的。 预定参数也是运算符变量。

公开(公告)号：US4691332A

公开(公告)日：1987-09-01

申请号：US589443

申请日：1984-03-14

Applicant: Paul Burstein ,  Allen Krieger ,  Martin Annis ,  Richard C. Chase

Inventor： Paul Burstein ,  Allen Krieger ,  Martin Annis ,  Richard C. Chase

IPC: G01N23/04 ,  G01N3/02

CPC classification number: G01N23/04

Abstract: Computerized axial tomography is employed with respect to large relatively dense objects such as a solid fuel rocket engine. High energy X-rays, such as a 15 MeV source is used. To develop clean images, a collimator is employed with a relatively minute acceptance angle. Acceptance angles on the order to 1.degree., and in a preferred embodiment 7 minutes of a degree, are used. In a preferred embodiment, the collimator may be located between the object and the detector, although in other embodiments, a pre-collimator may also be used, that is between the X-ray source and the object being illuminated.

Abstract translation: 对于大型较密集的物体（如固体燃料火箭发动机）采用计算机轴向层析成像。 使用高能X射线，例如15MeV源。 为了开发清洁的图像，采用具有相对较小的接受角度的准直仪。 使用顺序为1°的接受角度，在优选实施例中为7分钟的接受角度。 在优选实施例中，准直器可以位于物体和检测器之间，尽管在其它实施例中，也可以使用预准直器，即在X射线源和被照射物体之间。

公开(公告)号：US4414682A

公开(公告)日：1983-11-08

申请号：US207492

申请日：1980-11-17

Applicant: Martin Annis ,  Jay A. Stein

Inventor： Martin Annis ,  Jay A. Stein

IPC: G01N23/04 ,  G03B42/02 ,  G21K1/02 ,  H05G1/26 ,  G03B41/16

CPC classification number: H05G1/26 ,  G01N23/04 ,  G03B42/028 ,  G21K1/02

Abstract: Radiation imaging means are disclosed for producing plural images exhibiting different resolution or contrast. As a pencil beam of radiation scans an object to be examined and is detected, its cross sectional size is periodically changed; and imaging means synchronously display signals obtained by detection of the respective beams of different cross section.

Abstract translation: 公开了用于产生具有不同分辨率或对比度的多个图像的辐射成像装置。 作为一根铅笔的辐射射线扫描被检查物体并被检测到，其横截面尺寸周期性地变化; 并且成像装置同步地显示通过检测不同横截面的各个光束而获得的信号。