公开(公告)号：US5528656A

公开(公告)日：1996-06-18

申请号：US308554

申请日：1994-09-19

申请人： Martin Annis

发明人： Martin Annis

IPC分类号： G01T1/20 ,  G06T5/00 ,  H04N5/32 ,  H04N5/335 ,  H05G1/04 ,  H05G1/60 ,  H05G1/64

CPC分类号： H04N5/335 ,  H04N5/32 ,  H05G1/60

摘要： An improved digital image sampling arrangement samples only one pixel of a predetermined region of pixels and assigns a density value to that pixel. The remaining, unsampled pixels of the region are then allocated density values based on the value of the sampled pixel using either a simple algorithm or an extrapolation algorithm. This improved arrangement provides more precise information about the sampled image than a prior art technique of merely enlarging each pixel by a predetermined factor.

摘要翻译： 改进的数字图像采样布置仅对像素的预定区域的一个像素进行采样，并为该像素分配密度值。 然后使用简单算法或外插算法，基于采样像素的值来分配该区域的剩余的未采样像素的密度值。 这种改进的布置提供了关于采样图像的更精确的信息，而不是仅将每个像素放大预定因子的现有技术。

公开(公告)号：US5313511A

公开(公告)日：1994-05-17

申请号：US809246

申请日：1991-12-18

申请人： Martin Annis ,  Paul J. Bjorkholm

发明人： Martin Annis ,  Paul J. Bjorkholm

IPC分类号： G01N23/04 ,  G01V5/00 ,  G21K5/10 ,  G01N23/201

CPC分类号： G01V5/0016 ,  G01V5/0025 ,  G21K5/10

摘要： An imaging device for increasing the ability to recognize, in x-ray produced images, materials of low atomic number. A flying spot scanner illuminates an object to be imaged in a raster pattern; the flying spot repeatedly sweeps a line in space, and the object to be imaged is moved so that the illuminating beam intersects the object. At least a pair of x-ray detectors are employed, each pair associated with signal processing apparatus and a display. The two detectors employed (and the associated electrons and display) are selected from a set of three which includes a transmitted detector located at the line in space which is repeatedly traversed by the pencil beam, a forward scatter detector which is located further from the x-ray beam than the object to respond to photons scattered by the object being illuminated out of the path of the beam, and a back scatter detector which is located closer to the x-ray source than the object being imaged and also arranged to detect photons scattered out of the beam path by the object. In another embodiment of the invention all three detectors and their associated electronics/displays are employed.

摘要翻译： 用于增加在x射线产生的图像中识别低原子数的材料的能力的成像装置。 飞点扫描器以光栅图案照射要成像的对象; 飞点反复扫描空间中的线，并且要成像的对象被移动，使得照明光束与物体相交。 至少使用一对x射线检测器，每对X射线检测器与信号处理装置和显示器相关联。 使用的两个检测器（以及相关联的电子和显示器）从一组三个中选出，该三个检测器包括位于空间中的由透射线束反复穿过的传输的检测器，远离x射线的前向散射检测器 射线束比对象响应被被照射出的物体散射的光子离开光束的路径;以及背面散射检测器，其位于比被成像的物体更靠近x射线源的位置，并且还布置成检测光子 被物体散射出光束路径。 在本发明的另一个实施例中，采用了所有三个检测器及其相关的电子/显示器。

公开(公告)号：US4366576A

公开(公告)日：1982-12-28

申请号：US207483

申请日：1980-11-17

申请人： Martin Annis

发明人： Martin Annis

IPC分类号： A61B6/03 ,  A61B6/06 ,  H05G1/60 ,  G03B41/16

CPC分类号： A61B6/032 ,  A61B6/06 ,  H05G1/60

摘要： Penetrating radiant energy imaging system employs a scanning pencil beam of radiant energy. In some embodiments of the invention, the cross-section of the beam varies in a controlled manner; in a disclosed embodiment the beam has either one or another cross-section. A detector responds to incident radiant energy passing through a target and provides signals to a processor which produces from the signals a pair of image arrays, each array consisting of signals generated by the scanning pencil beam of one cross-section or the other. Increased contrast and/or resolution is provided by selectively combining the signals in the image arrays. In other embodiments of the invention, specifically related to tomographic imaging, rather than controlling the cross-section of the radiant energy at the source, the cross-section of the radiant energy is controlled at the detector field. In these embodiments, the detector field is occupied by multiple detectors and one or more of the detectors has a field of view which is different from the field of view of other detectors.

摘要翻译： 透射辐射能量成像系统采用辐射能量的扫描笔束。 在本发明的一些实施例中，光束的横截面以受控的方式变化; 在公开的实施例中，光束具有一个或另一个横截面。 检测器响应通过目标的入射辐射能量，并向处理器提供信号，该处理器从信号产生一对图像阵列，每个阵列由一个横截面的扫描笔形束或另一个横截面产生的信号组成。 通过选择性地组合图像阵列中的信号来提供增加的对比度和/或分辨率。 在本发明的其他实施例中，具体涉及断层成像，而不是控制源处的辐射能的横截面，辐射能的横截面被控制在检测器场。 在这些实施例中，检测器场由多个检测器占据，并且一个或多个检测器具有不同于其它检测器的视场的视场。

公开(公告)号：US09204848B2

公开(公告)日：2015-12-08

申请号：US14752862

申请日：2015-06-27

申请人： Martin Annis Patent Trust—2009

发明人： Martin Annis

IPC分类号： G01N23/203 ,  A61B6/00 ,  A61B6/06

CPC分类号： A61B6/4071 ,  A61B6/0414 ,  A61B6/06 ,  A61B6/4078 ,  A61B6/4085 ,  A61B6/42 ,  A61B6/483 ,  A61B6/502 ,  G01N23/203

摘要： An x-ray source emits a cone beam to a rotating, x-ray-opaque disc with radial slots. The slots break the cone beam into fan beams that are emitted to an x-ray-opaque plate that produces a scanning x-ray pencil beam as each fan beam moves across a slit in the plate. A backscatter detector is adjacent to the plate. A collimator is adjacent. The pencil beam enters the object space through slits in the detector and collimator. The pencil beam moves rapidly in the y direction in the object space, producing backscatter x-rays from the object. The collimator only passes backscattered x-rays at a selected distance from the detector. Simultaneously, the assemblage of x-ray source, disc, plate, detector, and collimator moves slowly in the x and z directions. The backscattered x-rays passed by the collimator are processed to form planar images at various depths in the object space.

摘要翻译： x射线源向具有径向槽的旋转的x射线不透明盘发射锥形束。 这些槽将锥形束分解成扇形束，发射到X射线不透明板，当每个扇形光束移动穿过板上的狭缝时，其产生扫描X射线笔形束。 反向散射检测器与板相邻。 准直器相邻。 铅笔光束通过检测器和准直器中的狭缝进入物体空间。 铅笔光束在对象空间中沿y方向快速移动，从物体产生反向散射X射线。 准直仪只能在距离检测器一定距离的地方传回反向散射的X射线。 同时，x射线源，盘，板，探测器和准直器的组合在x和z方向上缓慢移动。 由准直仪通过的背散射X射线被处理以在对象空间中的各种深度处形成平面图像。

公开(公告)号：US07561666B2

公开(公告)日：2009-07-14

申请号：US11838783

申请日：2007-08-14

申请人： Martin Annis

发明人： Martin Annis

IPC分类号： G01N23/203

CPC分类号： G01T1/203 ,  G01T1/163 ,  G01V5/0025

摘要： A dual-energy x-ray source located a distance of one half of the maximum width of the subject from the subject emits a cone beam to a horizontal slit in an x-ray-blocking sheet, producing a fan beam that is chopped into a pencil beam by a rotating disk with radial slots. The pencil beam sweeps a subject, producing backscatter read by a plastic scintillator detector situated very close to and curved around the sides of the subject. The entire assembly translates vertically to produce a complete image of the subject. Pencil beam area is increased farther from the center by increasing the width of the slit toward both ends and increasing the width of the slots toward the outer end. High and low peak x-ray energies of 50 KeV or more and 30 KeV or less, respectively, enable differentiation between innocent and contraband materials that both contain low Z materials.

摘要翻译： 距离被摄体的物体的最大宽度的一半距离的双能X射线源将辐射锥形束发射到X射线遮挡片中的水平狭缝，产生扇形光束，其被切成 笔杆由具有径向槽的旋转盘组成。 铅笔束扫描被摄体，产生由位于被摄物体两侧非常靠近并弯曲的塑料闪烁体检测器读取的反向散射。 整个组件垂直翻译以产生主题的完整图像。 通过将狭缝的宽度增加到两端，并且将槽的宽度增加到外端，铅笔光束面积比中心增加得更远。 分别为50KeV以上且30KeV以下的高，低峰值X射线能量使得能够区分含有低Z材料的无辜和非物质材料。

公开(公告)号：US07221732B1

公开(公告)日：2007-05-22

申请号：US11394406

申请日：2006-03-31

申请人： Martin Annis

发明人： Martin Annis

IPC分类号： G01N23/04 ,  H05G1/64 ,  H05G1/00

CPC分类号： G01N23/04 ,  G01N2223/3307 ,  G01N2223/3308

摘要： An imaging system and method for taking an image of an object. The imaging system comprises a mechanism that propels the object linearly in a direction of motion through an imaging region that has a top, bottom, front, and rear; an x-ray source located below the bottom, aligned with the front, and emitting an x-ray cone beam to the imaging region; and a plurality of x-ray detector assemblies, each of the detector assemblies including a linear row of detectors above and parallel to the top and perpendicular to the direction of motion, and a linear column of detectors outside of and parallel to the rear right side and extending at an angle to the direction of motion, wherein each of the detector assemblies defines an x-ray fan beam within the x-ray cone beam. A second system embodiment duplicates the x-ray source/detector assemblage and rotates the second assemblage by 90° around the object. In the method, a number of x-ray fan beams are emitted from a single location at different angles and the object is propelled linearly through the fan beams. The x-ray intensity of each fan beam passing through a voxel is read and those x-ray intensities are combined in accordance to standard laminography practice to generate an image for the voxel. In this way, images for all voxels are generated and used to produce an image of the entire object. With the second system embodiment, two sets of voxel images are generated, which allows views from a full 180° for all voxels in the object. Applying computer tomography reconstruction algorithms can produce CT images.

摘要翻译： 一种用于拍摄物体的图像的成像系统和方法。 成像系统包括通过具有顶部，底部，前部和后部的成像区域在运动方向上线性推进物体的机构; 位于底部下方的与前部对准的x射线源，并将X射线锥束发射到成像区域; 和多个X射线检测器组件，每个检测器组件包括在顶部并且平行于运动方向的上方并平行的线性行的检测器，以及在后右侧并且平行于右后侧的线性列检测器 并且以与运动方向成一定角度延伸，其中每个检测器组件在X射线锥形束内限定X射线扇形束。 第二系统实施例复制x射线源/检测器组合并使第二组合围绕对象旋转90°。 在该方法中，多个x射线扇形光束以不同的角度从单个位置发射，并且物体通过扇形光束线性地推进。 读取通过体素的每个扇形光束的x射线强度，并根据标准层析实践组合这些X射线强度，以生成体素的图像。 以这种方式，生成所有体素的图像并用于产生整个对象的图像。 利用第二系统实施例，生成两组体素图像，其允许对象中的所有体素的完整180°的视图。 应用计算机断层扫描重建算法可以生成CT图像。

公开(公告)号：US07012987B1

公开(公告)日：2006-03-14

申请号：US11039460

申请日：2005-01-19

申请人： Martin Annis

发明人： Martin Annis

IPC分类号： G01N23/04

CPC分类号： G01V5/0016

摘要： A method for substantially reducing the contribution of dense regions of an object while less dense regions of the object are being processed in a laminography blurring system. The method comprises the steps of positioning an x-ray source with a moving fan beam on one side of the object; positioning a row of x-ray detectors on the side of the object opposite that of the x-ray source; sequentially emitting a plurality of x-ray fan beams along an x-ray source line and directed through a focused pixel of the object to the row of x-ray detectors; sampling the x-ray detectors once for each of the fan beams for a total of it samples of intensity Ii; determining the maximum intensity Imax from the samples Ii; choosing a parameter P greater than one; retaining only those samples Ii that are greater than or equal to Imax/P; summing the retained samples; and normalizing the resultant sum. Normalizing can include multiplying the sum by the total number of samples divided by the number of retained samples.

摘要翻译： 一种用于在层析模糊系统中正在处理物体的较小密度区域的情况下，大大减少物体的致密区域的贡献的方法。 该方法包括以下步骤：将X射线源与移动的扇形光束定位在物体的一侧上; 将一排X射线检测器放置在物体的与X射线源相反的一侧; 沿X射线源线顺序地发射多个x射线扇形束，并将该物体的聚焦像素引导到X射线检测器行; 对于每个风扇光束对x射线检测器进行一次采样，总共测量强度I I i的样本; 从样品I I i确定最大强度I最大值; 选择参数P大于1; 仅保留大于或等于I最大值/ P的那些样品I

公开(公告)号：US06785360B1

公开(公告)日：2004-08-31

申请号：US10288244

申请日：2002-11-05

申请人： Martin Annis

发明人： Martin Annis

IPC分类号： H01J3530

CPC分类号： A61B6/032 ,  A61B6/04 ,  A61B6/4028 ,  A61B6/4071

摘要： A personnel x-ray inspection system includes an electron source that provides a pencil beam of electrons. An electromagnet assembly receives the pencil beam of electrons and directs the beam of electrons along a line to form a scanning redirected beam under the control of a scan command signal. The scanning redirected beam strikes a target and generates a cone of x-rays that moves along a target line as a result of the scanning redirected beam. A collimator receives the scanning cone of x-rays and generates a collimated traveling pencil beam, which is directed to a person under inspection. A moving platform translates the person under inspection through the collimated traveling pencil beam. A backscatter detector detects backscattered x-rays, and provides a backscattered detected signal indicative thereof. A system controller provides the scan command signal, and also receives and processes the backscattered detected signal.

摘要翻译： 人员x射线检查系统包括提供铅笔电子束的电子源。 电磁体组件接收铅笔的电子束并且在扫描指令信号的控制下沿着一条线引导电子束以形成扫描重定向的光束。 扫描重定向光束撞击目标，并产生作为扫描重定向光束的结果沿目标线移动的x射线锥。 准直器接收X射线的扫描锥体，并产生准直的行进铅笔光束，该光束指向被检查的人。 移动平台通过平行行进的笔式横梁翻译被检查者。 反向散射检测器检测反向散射的X射线，并提供指示其的反向散射检测信号。 系统控制器提供扫描命令信号，并且还接收并处理反向散射检测信号。

公开(公告)号：US5493596A

公开(公告)日：1996-02-20

申请号：US486035

申请日：1995-07-07

申请人： Martin Annis

发明人： Martin Annis

IPC分类号： G01N23/10 ,  G01V5/00 ,  G01N23/201

CPC分类号： G01V5/0016 ,  G01N23/10

摘要： A high-energy X-ray inspection system comprises an X-ray source for generating high energy X rays for inspecting the contents of large objects. The source is contained within an enclosure having an integrally-formed precollimator device that limits the radiation emitted from the source to form a "fan-beam" of X rays. A novel rotating cylindrical collimator converts the fan-beam into a pencil-beam of X rays, which is further limited by a fixed-slit collimator. The high-energy pencil-beam penetrates the entire area of an object and is intercepted by a detector, which transforms the X rays into image data for presentation on a display screen.

摘要翻译： 高能X射线检查系统包括用于产生高能X射线的X射线源，用于检查大物体的内容物。 源包含在具有整体形成的预聚焦装置的外壳内，其限制从源发射的辐射以形成X射线的“扇形束”。 一种新颖的旋转圆柱准直器将扇形光束转换成X射线的铅笔束，其进一步受到固定狭缝准直器的限制。 高能量铅笔光束穿透物体的整个区域并被检测器拦截，检测器将X射线转换成用于在显示屏上呈现的图像数据。

公开(公告)号：US5253283A

公开(公告)日：1993-10-12

申请号：US811685

申请日：1991-12-23

申请人： Martin Annis ,  Gerard P. Riley

发明人： Martin Annis ,  Gerard P. Riley

IPC分类号： G01N23/04 ,  G01V5/00 ,  H05G1/64

CPC分类号： G01V5/0016 ,  G01N23/04 ,  G01V5/0025

摘要： An inspection system using penetrating radiation wherein pixels corresponding to transmitted radiation which has been attenuated to at least a predetermined level are displayed in a first color. Pixels which correspond to radiation which has been backscattered to a least predetermined level are displayed in a second color, and pixels which correspond to the remainder of the transmitted radiation are displayed in a third color. Additionally, the brightness of the color of each pixel is controlled in dependence on how far above or below the predetermined level the detected transmitted or scattered signal is.

摘要翻译： 使用穿透辐射的检查系统，其中已经衰减到至少预定水平的被发射辐射的像素以第一颜色显示。 对应于已经反向散射到最低预定水平的辐射的像素被显示为第二种颜色，并且对应于所发射的辐射的其余部分的像素以第三种颜色显示。 此外，根据检测到的发送或散射信号的预定水平高于或低于多远来控制每个像素的颜色的亮度。