公开(公告)号：US07096275B1

公开(公告)日：2006-08-22

申请号：US09588490

申请日：2000-06-06

申请人： Bharat Tarachand Doshi ,  Ramesh Nagarajan

发明人： Bharat Tarachand Doshi ,  Ramesh Nagarajan

IPC分类号： G06F13/00

CPC分类号： H04Q11/0478 ,  H04J2203/0032 ,  H04J2203/0053 ,  H04J2203/006 ,  H04J2203/0098 ,  H04Q11/0062 ,  H04Q2011/0081

摘要： Units of traffic are routed between nodes in a network on corresponding sets of trunks, such that the traffic is balanced between disjoint paths. A restoration process for the traffic is implemented using service layer or transport layer switching. In a first embodiment, first and second nodes are connected by first and second sets of trunks, with each of the trunks in a given set of trunks supporting a designated portion of a given one of the units of traffic. The units of traffic are then routed such that a first half of a given one of the units of traffic is routed on a first one of the trunks in a given one of the sets of trunks, and a second half of the given unit is routed on a second one of the trunks in the given set of trunks. In other embodiments, the first and second nodes are connected by first and second sets of trunks so as to form a four-trunk ring, with each of the first and second sets of trunks including a primary trunk and a backup trunk. A given one of the units of traffic is then routed on either an upper or lower portion of the ring. The four trunk ring may be in the form of an IP/optical hybrid ring, in which case the restoration process is implemented using service layer switching, or a SONET/optical ring, in which case the restoration process is implemented using transport layer switching.

摘要翻译： 流量单位在相应组的中继线上的网络中的节点之间路由，使得流量在不相交路径之间平衡。 使用业务层或传输层交换实现业务的恢复过程。 在第一实施例中，第一和第二节点通过第一组和第二组中继线连接，其中一组中继线中的每个中继线支持给定的一个业务单元的指定部分。 然后，路由单元被路由使得给定的一个业务单元的前半部分在路由组中的给定组中的第一个中继路由，给定单元的后半部分被路由 在给定的一组树干中的第二个树干中。 在其他实施例中，第一和第二节点通过第一和第二组中继线连接，以便形成四中继环，其中第一和第二组干线包括主干线和备用干线。 然后，给定的一个交通单元在环的上部或下部路由。 四个中继环可以是IP /光混合环的形式，在这种情况下，使用业务层交换或SONET /光环实现恢复过程，在这种情况下，使用传输层交换来实现恢复过程。

公开(公告)号：US20050275666A1

公开(公告)日：2005-12-15

申请号：US10867127

申请日：2004-06-14

申请人： Ramesh Nagarajan

发明人： Ramesh Nagarajan

IPC分类号： G09G5/00

CPC分类号： H04N1/00209 ,  H04N2201/0093 ,  H04N2201/3243 ,  H04N2201/325 ,  H04N2201/3283

摘要： The present invention is a system and method for dynamically altering the size of scanned image files based on the export file size, network demand and/or transmission requirements specified by a system administrator or end user. An embodiment as described here discusses about pushing the color text/edges into the black mask as the first approach in order to reduce file size at the expense of color fidelity.

摘要翻译： 本发明是一种系统和方法，用于基于由系统管理员或最终用户指定的导出文件大小，网络需求和/或传输要求来动态地改变扫描图像文件的大小。 这里描述的实施例讨论了将彩色文本/边缘作为第一种方法推入黑色掩模中，以便以色彩保真度为代价来减小文件尺寸。

公开(公告)号：US06753987B1

公开(公告)日：2004-06-22

申请号：US09512888

申请日：2000-02-25

申请人： Charles E. Farnung ,  Ramesh Nagarajan ,  Francis Tse ,  Julie A. Fisher ,  Regina M. Loverde ,  Ralph H. Huedepohl

发明人： Charles E. Farnung ,  Ramesh Nagarajan ,  Francis Tse ,  Julie A. Fisher ,  Regina M. Loverde ,  Ralph H. Huedepohl

IPC分类号： G03F308

CPC分类号： H04N1/407

摘要： Contrast and brightness adjustments can be made to a system tone reproduction curve. These contrast and brightness adjustments can be made, for example, by user, via a user input device, or alternatively, automatically detected, based on an image analysis routine. By determining one or more generic tone reproduction curves, and interpolating these tone reproduction curves with the system tone reproduction curve, a new, adjusted tone reproduction curve is produced. This allows for a determination of the adjusted system tone reproduction curve as opposed to calculating and restoring the families of system tone reproduction curves adjusted for all the possible combinations of contrast and brightness.

摘要翻译： 可以对系统色调再现曲线进行对比度和亮度调整。 这些对比度和亮度调节可以例如由用户经由用户输入设备进行，或者可以基于图像分析程序自动检测。 通过确定一个或多个通用色调再现曲线，并用系统色调再现曲线内插这些色调再现曲线，产生新的调节色调再现曲线。 这允许确定调整的系统色调再现曲线，而不是计算和恢复针对对比度和亮度的所有可能组合而调整的系统色调再现曲线的族。

公开(公告)号：US06683852B2

公开(公告)日：2004-01-27

申请号：US10264415

申请日：2002-10-04

申请人： Ramesh Nagarajan ,  Yung-Terng Wang

发明人： Ramesh Nagarajan ,  Yung-Terng Wang

IPC分类号： H04J1225

CPC分类号： H04L47/822 ,  H04L12/5602 ,  H04L45/10 ,  H04L45/123 ,  H04L45/302 ,  H04L47/15 ,  H04L47/70 ,  H04L47/783 ,  H04L47/805 ,  H04L2012/5632 ,  H04L2012/5638

摘要： A packet switch is configured for determining an equivalent bandwidth for use in GCAC. The equivalent bandwidth definition of the invention is derived by multiplying some known connection parameter such as, for example, a selected bandwidth value by a multiplier preferably computed and stored in look-up tables according to the invention. The appropriate multiplier for a given connection request associated with a call may then be found by accessing sets of the look-up tables based on one or more connection and/or network parameters. For each link in a path considered during GCAC, the product of the multiplication of the selected bandwidth value and the multiplier is then compared to the available bandwidth, AvCR, of the path links to determine if the path satisfies the connection request.

摘要翻译： 分组交换机配置为确定在GCAC中使用的等效带宽。 本发明的等效带宽定义是通过将一些已知的连接参数（例如，所选带宽值）乘以优选地计算并存储在根据本发明的查找表中的乘法器得到的。 然后可以通过基于一个或多个连接和/或网络参数访问查找表的集合来找到与呼叫相关联的给定连接请求的适当乘数。 对于在GCAC期间考虑的路径中的每个链路，然后将所选带宽值与乘数相乘的乘积与路径链路的可用带宽AvCR进行比较，以确定路径是否满足连接请求。

公开(公告)号：US06618171B1

公开(公告)日：2003-09-09

申请号：US09512887

申请日：2000-02-25

申请人： Francis Tse ,  Ramesh Nagarajan ,  Charles E. Farnung

发明人： Francis Tse ,  Ramesh Nagarajan ,  Charles E. Farnung

IPC分类号： H04N140

CPC分类号： H04N1/4074

摘要： A digital scanner or copier is provided that can dynamically adjust the black point of an image to be scanned based on detected background level of the document. A pre-scan acts on a small scanning window near a leading edge of the document to obtain a histogram of grey-level values. From this, the background level of the document can be obtained to determine a white point of the image. Additionally, a black point of the image is originally set to a default offset value. However, an adjustment factor based on the detected white point is used to adjust the default offset value to a value that increases the dynamic range of the output image, while still maintaining solid black for black areas of the image.

摘要翻译： 提供数字扫描仪或复印机，其可以基于检测到的文档的背景水平动态地调整要扫描的图像的黑点。 预扫描作用于文档前缘附近的小扫描窗口，以获得灰度值的直方图。 由此，可以获得文档的背景级别以确定图像的白点。 此外，图像的黑点最初设置为默认偏移值。 然而，使用基于检测到的白点的调整因子来将默认偏移值调整为增加输出图像的动态范围的值，同时仍保持图像的黑色区域的实心黑色。

公开(公告)号：US06519367B2

公开(公告)日：2003-02-11

申请号：US09158993

申请日：1998-09-23

申请人： Ramesh Nagarajan ,  William A. Cook ,  Francis K. Tse

发明人： Ramesh Nagarajan ,  William A. Cook ,  Francis K. Tse

IPC分类号： G06K936

CPC分类号： H04N1/40075 ,  H04N1/4052

摘要： A method and system implements selective, memory efficient, control over the amount of error diffused in a hybrid screening system. An image context error computer receives a pixel classification and an error value. Upon receiving these data, a set of shift registers supplies a fractional portion of the error value to an error diffusion circuit. A bypass thresholder receives screened video and applies simple thresholding. In parallel with the simple thresholding, an error diffuser receives screened video and applies error diffusion. The results of the two processes are output to a multiplexer which outputs one based on the pixel classification.

摘要翻译： 一种方法和系统实现选择性，记忆效率高，控制混合筛选系统中扩散的误差量。 图像上下文错误计算机接收像素分类和错误值。 一旦接收到这些数据，一组移位寄存器将误差值的小数部分提供给误差扩散电路。 旁路阈值器接收被屏蔽的视频并应用简单的阈值。 与简单的阈值并行，错误扩散器接收屏幕视频并应用误差扩散。 将两个处理的结果输出到基于像素分类输出的多路复用器。

公开(公告)号：US06493463B1

公开(公告)日：2002-12-10

申请号：US09393008

申请日：1999-09-09

申请人： Ramesh Nagarajan ,  Xing Li ,  John F. Seward, Jr.

发明人： Ramesh Nagarajan ,  Xing Li ,  John F. Seward, Jr.

IPC分类号： G06K934

CPC分类号： G06K9/4638

摘要： A system and method for processing segmentation tags is disclosed. The system comprises a neighborhood analysis module, transition analysis module, and a tag cleaning module. The neighborhood analysis module generates a neighborhood block tag prediction from a block of segmentation tags having a first predefined relationship with a current tag. The transition analysis module generate a transition block tag prediction from a block of segmentation tags having a second predefined relationship with the current tag. The tag cleaning module modifies selected segmentation tags based on the neighborhood block tag prediction and the transition block tag prediction. The method comprises identifying a current segmentation tag to be cleaned; generating a tag prediction from a plurality of segmentation tags having a predefined relationship to the current segmentation tag; and generating a cleaned segmentation tag for the current segmentation tag based upon the current segmentation tag and the tag prediction.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于处理分段标签的系统和方法。 该系统包括邻域分析模块，过渡分析模块和标签清理模块。 邻域分析模块从具有与当前标签具有第一预定关系的分段标签块生成邻域块标签预测。 过渡分析模块从具有与当前标签具有第二预定关系的分段标签块生成过渡块标签预测。 标签清洁模块基于邻近块标签预测和过渡块标签预测来修改所选择的分段标签。 该方法包括识别待清洁的当前分割标签; 从具有与当前分割标签的预定关系的多个分割标签生成标签预测; 以及基于当前分割标签和标签预测，生成用于当前分割标签的经清洁的分割标签。

公开(公告)号：US06437872B1

公开(公告)日：2002-08-20

申请号：US09158155

申请日：1998-09-22

申请人： Michael L. Davidson ,  Francis K. Tse ,  Harry L. Parker ,  Ramesh Nagarajan

发明人： Michael L. Davidson ,  Francis K. Tse ,  Harry L. Parker ,  Ramesh Nagarajan

IPC分类号： G06F1300

CPC分类号： G06K15/02 ,  G06K15/1852

摘要： A high addressable multibit screening device and method for use in a PDL interpreter environment achieve improved printing resolution and quality. A PDL interpreter receives a PDL document from a host source, which identifies one or more objects that can be fully toned (black) or partially toned (line art or images). Each of these objects can be processed differently. Fully toned objects are processed within the interpreter and directly output in a predetermined output. Partially toned objects are sent to a high addressable screening module within the interpreter for processing prior to outputting in a desired output format. The high addressable screening module screens the partially toned objects to obtain multibit screened data for output. This can be achieved by converting an array of single threshold values to an array of three or more sub-threshold values in a way that preserves the pattern specified by the original threshold array (one bit per pixel image), but improves the quality of the rendered image relative to the quality of a one bit per pixel (per colorant) image. The partially toned data is then output with the fully toned objects for subsequent printing. This achieves an increase in available tints and spatial frequency for a given halftone pattern while reducing memory requirements.

摘要翻译： 用于PDL解释器环境的高可寻址多位屏蔽设备和方法可实现改进的打印分辨率和质量。 PDL解释器从主机源接收PDL文档，其标识可以被完全调色（黑色）或部分调色（线条画或图像）的一个或多个对象。 可以对这些对象中的每一个进行不同的处理。 完全调色的物体在解释器内处理，并直接输出到预定的输出。 将部分色调对象发送到解释器内的高可寻址筛选模块，以便在以期望的输出格式输出之前进行处理。 高可寻址屏蔽模块屏幕部分调色对象以获得多位屏蔽数据进行输出。 这可以通过将保持由原始阈值阵列指定的模式（每像素图像一个位）的方式将单个阈值的阵列转换为三个或更多个子阈值的阵列来实现，但是提高了 渲染图像相对于每像素一个像素（每个着色剂）图像的质量。 然后用完全调色的物体输出部分色调的数据以供后续打印。 这实现了给定半色调图案的可用色调和空间频率的增加，同时减少了存储器需求。

公开(公告)号：US06424751B1

公开(公告)日：2002-07-23

申请号：US09159533

申请日：1998-09-23

申请人： Michael K. Carney ,  Ramesh Nagarajan ,  Anthony M. Frumusa ,  William A. Cook ,  Aron Nacman

发明人： Michael K. Carney ,  Ramesh Nagarajan ,  Anthony M. Frumusa ,  William A. Cook ,  Aron Nacman

IPC分类号： G06K938

摘要： A system and method for reducing an image by receiving a scaling factor which defines a window. Input pixel intensities of the image are summed in real time as they are input and stored until all pixels within the window have been received. The sum is then divided by the number of pixels within the window which produces an average intensity. A pixel having the average intensity is output.

公开(公告)号：US06240066B1

公开(公告)日：2001-05-29

申请号：US09017586

申请日：1998-02-03

申请人： Ramesh Nagarajan ,  Yung-Terng Wang

发明人： Ramesh Nagarajan ,  Yung-Terng Wang

IPC分类号： H04L1256

CPC分类号： H04Q11/0478 ,  H04L2012/5651 ,  H04L2012/5679 ,  H04L2012/5681

摘要： Buffer and bandwidth resources in an ATM switch having a multi-class queue capable of servicing one or more ATM service classes are dynamically allocated at each call setup and release request. Buffer and bandwidth are dynamically partitioned in a manner that satisfies varied criteria including: tight allocation of buffer and bandwidth resources for each class, in desired proportions relative to the total respective available resources to meet the same QoS criteria within an ATM class, to implement the resource allocation described herein in a computationally simple and fast manner, to support multiple and varied QoS criterias, such as delay and loss, and thus be independent of the QoS criteria, to operate independently of the choice of the CAC/QoS computation engine, such that, given a set of connections and a desired QoS criteria the proposed resource allocation mechanisms are able to accommodate any desired method of computing the required bandwidth and buffer, and to provide a means for tuning the frequency of changes in the buffer or bandwidth allocation depending on which resource may be expensive to re-allocate.

摘要翻译： 具有能够服务于一个或多个ATM服务类的多类队列的ATM交换机中的缓冲区和带宽资源在每个呼叫建立和释放请求时被动态分配。 缓冲区和带宽以满足不同标准的方式进行动态分区，包括：针对每个类的缓冲区和带宽资源的紧密分配，以相对于总共相应的可用资源的所需比例满足ATM类中的相同QoS标准，以实现 资源分配以计算简单和快速的方式描述，以支持多个和不同的QoS标准，例如延迟和丢失，并且因此独立于QoS准则，以独立于CAC / QoS计算引擎的选择来运行，例如 给定一组连接和期望的QoS准则，所提出的资源分配机制能够适应任何所需的计算所需带宽和缓冲器的方法，并且提供一种用于调整缓冲器中的变化或带宽分配的频率的方法 哪些资源可能会重新分配成本高昂。