公开(公告)号：US4708008A

公开(公告)日：1987-11-24

申请号：US813600

申请日：1985-12-26

申请人： Ken K. Yasui ,  Neil R. Williams ,  Richard C. Ecklund ,  Masashi Hayase ,  Robert J. Walkington

发明人： Ken K. Yasui ,  Neil R. Williams ,  Richard C. Ecklund ,  Masashi Hayase ,  Robert J. Walkington

IPC分类号： B21D26/055 ,  B21D26/02

CPC分类号： B21D26/055 ,  Y10S72/709 ,  Y10T29/49805

摘要： An apparatus and method for controlling the superplastic forming process by measuring and controlling the volume displaced by the blank being formed so as to measure total strain or surface area increase of the blank.

摘要翻译： 通过测量和控制由坯料移动的体积来控制超塑性成形过程的装置和方法，以便测量坯料的总应变或表面积增加。

公开(公告)号：US4644626A

公开(公告)日：1987-02-24

申请号：US768577

申请日：1985-08-23

申请人： Anthony J. Barnes ,  Russell J. Stracey

发明人： Anthony J. Barnes ,  Russell J. Stracey

IPC分类号： B21D22/20 ,  B21D24/00 ,  B21D25/02 ,  B21D26/055 ,  B23D17/00 ,  B21D22/10

CPC分类号： B21D26/055 ,  B21D25/02 ,  Y10T29/49805

摘要： Metal articles are shaped by contacting a metal blank with a diaphragm of plastically deformable metal which may be superplastic aluminium and urging the diaphragm against the blank and against a mould so that the diaphragm and body are deformed. The mould may be male or female. Thin metal articles of complex shape may be made easily and cheaply.

摘要翻译： 金属制品通过使金属坯料与塑性变形金属的膜片接触而成形，该膜片可以是超塑性铝，并且将隔膜推靠在坯件上并抵靠模具，使得隔膜和主体变形。 模具可以是男性或女性。 复杂形状的薄金属制品可以容易且便宜地制成。

公开(公告)号：US4615753A

公开(公告)日：1986-10-07

申请号：US672659

申请日：1984-11-19

申请人： David P. Gregg

发明人： David P. Gregg

IPC分类号： B21D26/055 ,  B23K20/18 ,  B23K35/22 ,  G11B7/241 ,  G11B23/00 ,  B31F1/00 ,  B29D11/00 ,  B29D17/00 ,  H04N5/84

CPC分类号： G11B7/252 ,  B21D26/055 ,  B23K20/18 ,  B23K35/224 ,  G11B23/0057 ,  G11B7/241 ,  G11B7/2533 ,  Y10T156/1039

摘要： A transparent record disc is provided which may appropriately have video signals optically recorded thereon, the record is composed of a lamination, for example, of pliant transparent plastic on a base of hard transparent plastic. The base provides strength for the record and the pliant plastic permits the video recording to be impressed into the record by simple embossing means, rather than by stamping or molding by which the surface of the record is actually raised above its melting point and caused to flow. An improved process for forming the video recordings on the disc record is also provided.

摘要翻译： 提供了可以适当地具有光学记录在其上的视频信号的透明记录盘，该记录由硬质透明塑料的基底上的例如柔软的透明塑料层压构成。 该基座提供了记录的强度，并且柔顺的塑料允许通过简单的压印装置将视频记录印刷到记录中，而不是通过冲压或模制，记录表面实际上升高到其熔点以上并使其流动 。 还提供了用于在盘记录上形成视频记录的改进过程。

公开(公告)号：US4584860A

公开(公告)日：1986-04-29

申请号：US745768

申请日：1985-06-17

申请人： Kirke Leonard

发明人： Kirke Leonard

IPC分类号： B21D26/055 ,  B21D22/20

CPC分类号： B21D26/055

摘要： An oblate spheroid shaped shell has upper and lower component parts which are held together by means of spring loaded clamps. The upper and lower component parts each contain liquid hardenable ceramic material forming die member halves which have surfaces defining a die cavity for superplastic forming of a metal workpiece therein. The ceramic material has electrical heating elements embedded therein and positioned close to the die cavity in order to heat the metal workpiece in the cavity. Tubes in the upper and lower halves of the shell supply pressurized gas and quenching fluid to the die cavity for superplastic forming and quenching of the metal workpiece.

摘要翻译： 扁圆球形壳体具有通过弹簧加载的夹具保持在一起的上部和下部部件。 上部和下部部件各自包含形成模具半部的液体可硬化陶瓷材料，其具有限定用于在其中超塑性成形金属工件的模腔的表面。 陶瓷材料具有嵌入其中的电加热元件并且定位成靠近模腔，以便在空腔中加热金属工件。 壳体的上半部和下半部的管道将加压气体和淬火流体提供给模腔，用于金属工件的超塑性成形和淬火。

公开(公告)号：US4489579A

公开(公告)日：1984-12-25

申请号：US475694

申请日：1983-03-15

申请人： Jean P. Daime ,  Martial H. Lecler

发明人： Jean P. Daime ,  Martial H. Lecler

IPC分类号： B21D26/055 ,  B21B9/00

CPC分类号： B21D26/055

摘要： In a mold for the superplastic forming of a piece from a blank, the distortion of the blank is measured by a hollow tube located within the mold and having one end positioned in contact with the blank. The hollow tube extends through a sleeve fixed to the mold and includes an axial array of holes. A bore in the sleeve is connected to a source of low pressure gas via a delivery tube so that the low pressure gas can selectively communicate with the interior of the hollow tube as the movement of the tube causes the selective registry of the holes therein with the delivery tube. Such selective registry causes a pressure drop in the delivery tube which is measured by a pressure drop detector and accompanying recorder. Electrical leads are provided on the inner surface of the mold for evaluating when the distortion of the blank causes the face of the blank to reach selected portions of the mold inner surface.

摘要翻译： 在用于从坯料超塑性成形件的模具中，坯件的变形通过位于模具内的中空管并且其一端定位成与坯料接触来测量。 中空管延伸穿过固定到模具的套筒并且包括轴向阵列的孔。 套管中的孔通过输送管连接到低压气体源，使得低压气体可以选择性地与中空管的内部连通，因为管的运动导致其中孔的选择性注入， 输送管。 这种选择性注册表导致输送管中的压力降，其由压降检测器和伴随的记录器测量。 电引线设置在模具的内表面上，用于评估当坯料的变形使坯料的表面到达模具内表面的选定部分时。

公开(公告)号：US4392602A

公开(公告)日：1983-07-12

申请号：US209570

申请日：1980-11-24

申请人： Vene L. Darby

发明人： Vene L. Darby

IPC分类号： B21D26/055 ,  B23K20/18 ,  B23K35/22

CPC分类号： B21D26/055 ,  B23K20/18 ,  B23K35/224

摘要： An improvement is disclosed to the method of forming sandwich structures wherein a plurality of workpieces having opposed principal surfaces are placed in a stack contacting facing principal surfaces and thereafter diffusion bonding portions of said facing principal surfaces of said workpieces together and superplastic forming at least a portion of at least one of said workpieces. The improvement comprises coating at least one of the facing principal surfaces with a maskant. The maskant is then removed from the portions not to be diffusion bonded of the at least one coated facing principal surface. A stopoff material is applied to the portions where the maskant has been removed and thereafter the remaining maskant is removed. The preferred method of removing the maskant from the portion of the at least one coated principal surface comprises placing a template on the surface and thereafter cutting out the maskant. In one embodiment prior to the step of applying the stopoff the portions of the at least one facing principal surface where the maskant has been removed is etched to a depth equal to the thickness of the stopoff material to be applied. This allows the tolerance between opposed facing principal surfaces to be reduced when the workpieces are tubular in form.

摘要翻译： 公开了形成夹层结构的方法的改进，其中具有相对主表面的多个工件被放置在与主要表面接触的堆叠中，此后所述工件的所述面对主表面的扩散结合部分在一起并且超塑性地形成至少一部分 的至少一个所述工件。 该改进包括用掩蔽剂涂覆至少一个相对的主表面。 然后从不被扩散接合的至少一个涂覆的主要表面的部分去除掩蔽剂。 将切断材料施加到已经去除掩蔽剂的部分，然后除去剩余的掩蔽剂。 从至少一个涂覆的主表面的部分去除掩蔽剂的优选方法包括将模板放置在表面上，然后切割掩模。 在施加切断步骤之前的一个实施例中，已经去除掩蔽剂的至少一个相对主表面的部分被蚀刻到等于要施加的止回材料的厚度的深度。 这允许当工件形状为管状时相对的相对的主表面之间的公差减小。

公开(公告)号：US4361262A

公开(公告)日：1982-11-30

申请号：US158845

申请日：1980-06-12

申请人： Leonardo Israeli

发明人： Leonardo Israeli

IPC分类号： B21D26/055 ,  B21D47/00 ,  B21D53/04 ,  B23K20/18 ,  B29C65/00 ,  B29D24/00

CPC分类号： B21D26/055 ,  B21D47/00 ,  B21D53/045 ,  B23K20/18 ,  B29D24/005 ,  Y10T156/1003 ,  Y10T428/12347

摘要： A method of making sandwich structures from a plurality of workpieces is disclosed. The method comprises providing a plurality of workpieces, each having principal opposed surfaces. The workpieces comprise first and second outer workpieces and at least two core workpieces. Each of the core workpieces have cutout portions defining at least one strip. The workpieces are treated at selected locations to inhibit joining at said locations. The treated workpieces are positioned in a stack contacting at their principal surfaces. The workpieces are joined, preferably by diffusion bonding, at their untreated contacting surfaces such that alternate longitudinal edges of superimposed strips are joined together and to the outer workpieces. Preferably, at least one chamber is enclosed by positioning the stacked workpieces relative to a plurality of shaping members. At least one of the outer workpieces is caused to expand into the at least one chamber and to form against the at least one shaping member causing the strips of the core workpieces to extend substantially vertically. If an even number of core assemblies are used the webs are vertical; and if an odd number are used they are at an angle to the cover workpieces. Preferably, the at least one expanded outer workpieces has an effective strain rate sensitivity and the expansion is accomplished superplastically.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种从多个工件制造夹层结构的方法。 该方法包括提供多个工件，每个工件具有主要相对的表面。 工件包括第一和第二外部工件和至少两个芯部工件。 每个核心工件具有限定至少一个条带的切口部分。 在选定的位置处理工件以抑制在所述位置处的接合。 经处理的工件被定位在与其主表面接触的堆叠中。 工件优选地通过扩散接合在它们未处理的接触表面处接合，使得叠加条带的交替纵向边缘连接在一起并连接到外部工件。 优选地，通过相对于多个成形构件定位堆叠的工件来封闭至少一个室。 外部工件中的至少一个被引入到至少一个室中并且形成为抵靠着至少一个成形构件，从而使芯体工件的条带基本上垂直地延伸。 如果使用偶数个芯组件，则网是垂直的; 并且如果使用奇数，则它们与盖工件成一角度。 优选地，至少一个膨胀的外部工件具有有效的应变速率灵敏度，并且膨胀是超塑性地实现的。

公开(公告)号：US4331284A

公开(公告)日：1982-05-25

申请号：US130505

申请日：1980-03-14

申请人： David W. Schulz ,  Vene L. Darby

发明人： David W. Schulz ,  Vene L. Darby

IPC分类号： B21D26/055 ,  B21D53/04 ,  B23K20/18 ,  B23K20/14 ,  B23K20/22

CPC分类号： B21D26/055 ,  B21D53/045 ,  B23K20/18

摘要： An improvement is disclosed to the method of making metallic structures from a plurality of stacked workpieces or blanks by joining first portions, preferably by diffusion bonding, of the stack and by clamping the joined stack at its periphery between forming members and superplastically forming second portions of said plurality of stacked blanks by the selective application of fluid under pressure. The improvement is a method of coupling the fluid to the second portions of the stack which comprises providing a first port through one of the outer blanks at the periphery of the stack. At least one stopoff path is provided for coupling the first port to the second portions of the stacked blanks, which are to be superplastically formed. A second port is provided in one of the forming members, which couples the first port to a source of pressurized fluid. Where there are at least three blanks in the stack, a slot is provided within the inner blank or blanks of the stack coupling the first port to the at least one stopoff path. Additionally, a hollow tubular member may be inserted into the slot. A hole is drilled through one wall of the tubular member, thus, coupling the interior thereof to the first port. In another embodiment, a groove in the second forming member aligned with the first port is provided, such that upon the application of pressure to the first port, the second blank is expanded within the groove forming an additional passageway coupling the first port to the at least one stopoff path.

摘要翻译： 公开了通过将堆叠的第一部分（优选地通过扩散接合）并且通过将连接的堆叠夹持在其形成构件之间的周边并且超塑性地形成第二部分的第二部分的方式来从多个堆叠的工件或坯件制造金属结构的方法的改进 所述多个堆叠的坯料通过在压力下选择性地施加流体。 该改进是将流体耦合到堆叠的第二部分的方法，其包括通过在堆叠的周边处的一个外部坯料提供第一端口。 提供至少一个切断路径用于将第一端口耦合到要被超塑性地形成的层叠坯料的第二部分。 第二端口设置在一个成形构件中，其将第一端口连接到加压流体源。 在堆叠中存在至少三个空白的情况下，在堆叠的内部空白或堆叠的空白处提供了将第一端口耦合到至少一个间歇路径的槽。 此外，中空的管状构件可以插入槽中。 通过管状构件的一个壁钻出孔，从而将其内部连接到第一端口。 在另一个实施例中，提供了与第一端口对准的第二成形构件中的槽，使得在向第一端口施加压力时，第二坯料在槽内膨胀，形成将第一端口连接到 至少一个停留路径。

公开(公告)号：US4269053A

公开(公告)日：1981-05-26

申请号：US60263

申请日：1979-07-25

申请人： Suphal P. Agrawal ,  Edward D. Weisert

发明人： Suphal P. Agrawal ,  Edward D. Weisert

IPC分类号： B21D26/055 ,  B21D37/18

CPC分类号： B21D26/055

摘要： An improvement to the method of making a structure by superplastic forming, wherein portions of a preform are expanded, in the superplastic condition, against a forming member, is disclosed. The improvement comprises the step, prior to expanding the preform, of providing a lower coefficient of friction between the portions of the preform to be expanded and the forming member than which exists between the portions of the preform where expansion is intended to be minimal and the forming member. The two values of coefficient of friction are obtained by applying first and second release coatings to the portions of the preform to be expanded and those where expansion is to be minimal respectively, with the first release coating having a coefficient of friction less than the second release coating. Alternately, the first and second release coatings can be applied to the forming member. The preferred first and second release coatings are boron nitride and yttria respectively.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种通过超塑性成型制造结构的方法的改进，其中预成型件的部分在超塑性条件下膨胀成形构件。 改进之处在于，在膨胀预成型件之前，在待膨胀的预成型件的部分与成形构件之间提供较低的摩擦系数，该预成型件与成形构件之间存在于预成型件的预定部分之间，其中膨胀旨在最小， 成型构件。 摩擦系数的两个值通过将第一和第二剥离涂层施加到待膨胀的预成型件的部分和分别膨胀的那些部分来获得，其中第一剥离涂层的摩擦系数小于第二释放 涂层。 或者，第一和第二释放涂层可以施加到成形构件。 优选的第一和第二释放涂层分别是氮化硼和氧化钇。

公开(公告)号：US4233829A

公开(公告)日：1980-11-18

申请号：US949827

申请日：1978-10-10

申请人： C. Howard Hamilton ,  Neil E. Paton ,  John M. Curnow

发明人： C. Howard Hamilton ,  Neil E. Paton ,  John M. Curnow

IPC分类号： B21D26/055 ,  B21B9/00

CPC分类号： B21D26/055 ,  Y10S72/709

摘要： A method and apparatus are provided for automatically controling the strain rate during superplastic forming of a blank of material into a part. The method and apparatus produce a part in a minimum time by deforming the material in its optimum superplastic conditions. A relationship is determined between time and the pressure required to form the blank against the configured surface of a die at a strain rate which causes the blank to flow superplastically. The blank is positioned in the die and held at a temperature at which the material exhibits superplasticity. Pressure is automatically applied across the thickness of the blank in accordance with the previously determined relationship between time and pressure until the part is formed. The apparatus comprises conduits connected to a die and to a high pressure gas. Valves in the conduits regulate the pressure applied to the blank. A controller receives command signals from a programmer which is programmed with the desired time vs pressure relationship. The controller operates the valves and receives feedback information from a pressure transducer in the conduit to maintain the programmed time vs pressure relationship during the forming operation.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种方法和装置，用于在将材料坯料超塑性成型成一部分期间自动控制应变速率。 该方法和设备通过使材料在其最佳超塑性条件下变形而在最短时间内产生部件。 在时间和在使坯料超塑性流动的应变速率下对模具的配置表面形成坯料所需的压力之间确定关系。 坯料定位在模具中并保持在材料表现出超塑性的温度。 根据先前确定的时间和压力之间的关系，直到形成零件，自动地将压力施加到坯料的厚度上。 该设备包括连接到管芯和连接到高压气体的管道。 管道中的阀门调节施加到坯料上的压力。 控制器接收来自编程器的命令信号，编程器以所需的时间与压力关系进行编程。 控制器操作阀并从导管中的压力传感器接收反馈信息，以在成形操作期间维持编程的时间与压力的关系。